Detecting and Preventing Dehydration in Alzheimer's Patients: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Dementia Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Melina Oison
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Neuronal Dysfunction ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation ◽  
The Relationship

Abnormalities of water homeostasis can be early expressions of neuronal dysfunction, brain atrophy, chronic cerebrovasculopathy and neurodegenerative disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the serum osmolality of subjects with cognitive impairment.The hydromolecular hypothesis intends to explain the relationship between dehydration and cognitive impairment in older patients as the result of protein misfolding and aggregation, in the presence of a low interstitial fluid volume, which is a defect of the microcirculation. Defective proteins were shown to impair the amount of information in brain biomolecular mechanisms, with consequent neuronal and synaptic damage.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Protein Grp78/BiP/HspA5 Binds Directly to TDP-43 and Mitigates Toxicity Associated with Neurodegenerative Disease Pathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liberty François-Moutal ◽  
David Scott ◽  
Andrew Ambrose ◽  
Christopher Zerio ◽  
Kumara Dissanayake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Proteotoxic Stress ◽  
Hsp70 Family ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation ◽  
Als Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no cure or effective treatment in which TAR DNA Binding Protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) abnormally accumulates into misfolded protein aggregates in affected neurons. It is widely accepted that protein misfolding and aggregation promote proteotoxic stress. The molecular chaperones are the body’s primary line of defense against proteotoxic stress and there has been long-standing interest in understanding the relationship between chaperones and aggregated protein in ALS. Of particular interest are the heat shock protein of 70 kDa (Hsp70) family of chaperones; however, defining which of the 13 human Hsp70 isoforms is critical for ALS, has presented many challenges. To gain insight into the specific Hsp70 that modulates TDP-43, we investigated the relationship between TDP-43 and the Hsp70s using proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) and discovered several Hsp70 isoforms associated with TDP-43 in the nucleus, raising the possibility of an interaction with native TDP-43. We further found that HspA5 bound specifically to the RNA-binding domain of TDP-43 using recombinantly expressed proteins. HspA5 is increased in prefrontal cortex neurons of ALS patients. Finally, overexpression of HspA5 in Drosophila rescued TDP-43-induced toxicity, suggesting that upregulation of HspA5 may have a compensatory role in ALS pathobiology.

O-GlcNAc Modification Protects against Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2209-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ryan ◽  
Mingming Xu ◽  
Andrew K. Davey ◽  
Jonathan J. Danon ◽  
George D. Mellick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation

Plasma and Interstitial Volumes in Essential Hypertension: Relationship to Blood Pressure

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Bing ◽  
A. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Renal Perfusion ◽  
Primary Event ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

1. Plasma and interstitial fluid volumes have been measured simultaneously in men with uncomplicated and untreated essential hypertension. 2. Plasma volume (Evans blue) was reduced in essential hypertension and correlated inversely with blood pressure. 3. Interstitial fluid volume, derived from bromine space and plasma volume, was also reduced in essential hypertension and correlated inversely with blood pressure. The mean reduction in both plasma and interstitial fluid volumes was 6–7%. 4. There is no evidence for volume expansion in essential hypertension and the relationship between plasma and interstitial fluid volumes is preserved. The contraction of plasma and interstitial fluid volumes is most likely to reflect a natriuresis and diuresis secondary to the raised renal perfusion pressure, and sodium retention is unlikely to be a primary event in essential hypertension.

Volume-pressure relationship (compliance) of interstitium in dog skin and muscle

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. H291-H298 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wiig ◽  
R. K. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
Needle Technique ◽  
51Cr Edta ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Muscle Compliance

The relationship between changes in interstitial fluid volume (IFV) and pressure (IFP) during over- and dehydration was estimated in hindlimb skin and skeletal muscle of 17 dogs. IFV was measured as the extravascular distribution volume of 51Cr-EDTA after nephrectomy and IFP with micropipettes, wick-in-needle technique (WIN), and perforated capsules. Control IFP (micropipettes) averaged -1.7 +/- 0.5 (n = 17) and 0.0 +/- 1.0 mmHg (SD; n = 17) in skin and muscle, respectively, not different from corresponding WIN and capsule pressures in subcutis. Control IFV was 0.93 +/- 0.34 (n = 17) and 0.42 +/- 0.11 ml/g dry wt (SD; n = 17) in skin and muscle, respectively. Peritoneal dialysis with 20% glucose reduced IFV by 27% in skin and by 44% in muscle, whereas micropipette IFP fell gradually by approximately 4 mmHg in skin and muscle. Compliance during dehydration was 7.6 and 12.5% change in IFV per millimeter Hg fall in IFP (micropipettes) in skin and muscle, respectively, whereas compliance in subcutis based on perforated capsule pressure was 2.0% change in IFV per millimeter Hg. The maximal increase in IFP during overhydration was approximately 2 mmHg in both skin and muscle. Skin and muscle compliance in dogs did not differ significantly from that of rats and cats. We conclude that the difference in compliance among previous studies mainly results from different methods for IFP measurement but is probably also influenced by the state of hydration before altering IFV.

Memory Processes, Aging, Cognitive Decline, and Neurodegenerative Diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Göran Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Modeling And Simulations ◽  
Aging And Health ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Different Levels

This paper presents four domains of markers that have been found to predict later cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disease. These four domains are (1) data patterns of memory performance, (2) cardiovascular factors, (3) genetic markers, and (4) brain activity. The critical features of each domain are illustrated with data from the longitudinal Betula Study on memory, aging, and health ( Nilsson et al., 1997 ; Nilsson et al., 2004 ). Up to now, early signs regarding these domains have been examined one by one and it has been found that they are associated with later cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disease. However, it was also found that each marker accounts for only a very small part of the total variance, implying that single markers should not be used as predictors for cognitive decline or neurodegenerative disease. It is discussed whether modeling and simulations should be used as tools to combine markers at different levels to increase the amount of explained variance.

NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH A CONSEQUENCE OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Istatillo Shodjalilov ◽  
◽  
Saoda Igamova ◽  
Aziza Djurabekova
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Changes ◽  
The Relationship

The incidence of cognitive impairment in TBI is high, depending on the severity. At the same time, psychopathological symptoms in the form of asthenia, increased anxiety and depression are encountered among patients with TBI. The work studied the relationship between cognitive and psychopathological symptoms in patients with TBI using neuropsychological testing on scales.

Evaluación Cognitiva Montreal y consumo de alcohol: Un diagnóstico descriptivo del deterioro cognitivo en estudiantes universitarios de Durango, México

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Karla Liliana Pérez-Sosa ◽  
Edgar Felipe Lares-Bayona
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Study ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Relationship

Alcohol is a toxic substance associated with acute and chronic disorders affecting the Central Nervous System and significantly altering brain function. Objective: To determine the relationship between cognitive impairment and alcohol consumption in university students of the Juárez University of the State of Durango. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative, non-probabilistic study, for convenience. A database was designed on the results obtained in a clinical interview on alcohol consumption and the application of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Contribution: The evaluation of cognitive functions show similar results, the male sex presented a better score in Attention and the female one in Orientation. More involvement was identified in the Deferred Memory functions in both groups. In relation to alcohol consumption, the cognitive functions evaluated show lower levels. The female gender was more evident cognitive impairment in relation to alcohol consumption being statistically significant (p <0.025). Alcohol consumption is a risky behavior that deserves to be recognized by the main actors about neurocognitive effects. Alcohol consumption prevention programs and cognitive diagnostic tools are appropriate strategies to reduce risk behaviors in mental health.

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