Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery
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2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Rumiyya Karimova

Objective: To study the pathomorphosis of vascular dementia over the past 30 years. The study of the pathomorphosis of mental disorders makes significant adjustments to the criteria for diagnosis and nosography. Dementia has also undergone pathomorphosis over the years. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out in the Psychiatric Hospitalsin Azerbaijan. A retrospective analysis was carried out for the period 1990-1999, which were compared with a similar contingent during 2010-2020. Results: The number of hospitalized patients with vascular dementia has increased over the past 10 years, which means both an increase in the incidence of the disease and an increase in symptoms requiring psychiatric treatment. Conclusions: Pathomorphosis has also manifested itself in sex. Thus, the number of female patients has increased in the last 10 years. As a result of the disease, there is a positive trend, a decrease in mortality.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Orlando Villarreal-Barrera ◽  
Gustavo Melo-Guzman ◽  
Juan Isidro Ramirez-Rodriguez ◽  
Jonathan Ortiz-Rafael ◽  
Emma Del Carmen Macias-Cortes ◽  
...  

Objective: Recurrent cerebral ischemic events are estimated to appear in between 12-15% of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD), regardless of the use of leading pharmacological therapies. Balloon expandable stent (balloon mounted coronary stent) could represent a feasible alternative in this disease’s treatment. This study pretends to report the balloon-expandable placement experience in our center. Materials and Methods: A unicentric retrospective study dated between September 2009 and March 2018 was conducted. Patients previously diagnosed with ICAD and symptomatic stenosis treated with balloon-expandable stent were included. Clinical features, morbidity, mortality, short and long-term evolution, and pre-and post-treatment angiographic features were analyzed, as well as a mean 8 years-period follow-up. Data are presented as means, frequencies, and percentages for categorical variables, and ranks for continuous variables. Statistical analysis was carried by IBM SPSS Statistics Base V22.0 (IBM Corporation, Mexico). A Wilcoxon Signed-rank test statistical analysis was performed. Statistical significance was considered when a p-value lesser than 0.05 was measured for every result. Results: A total of 6 patients with 7 affected vessels were treated, with an average age of 62.7 years. Affected and treated vessels were located in the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) segment in 42.9%, Vertebral Artery (VA) V4 segment in 14.3%, Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) M1 segment in 28.5%, and Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) P1 segment in 14.3%. The incidence of peri-operatory thrombotic events was 0%. Intracranial hemorrhage presented in 0% of cases. Recurrent ischemic or thrombotic events were not reported in a 97-months mean follow-up. 71.4% of patients scored ≤2 in the modified Rankin Score (mRS) pre-treatment, in a 90 day and 12-month follow-up. 100% presented a favorable evolution with mRS ≤2. Restenosis cases were not reported in radiologic control and retreatment was not needed in a 97-month mean follow-up. Conclusions: This study suggests that balloon-expandable stent therapy with some technical endovascular variants for its navigation and placement could be a safe and effective alternative in the treatment of ICAD as a means of cerebral ischemic event early secondary prevention. We propose to consider not to limit endovascular treatment exclusively to those symptomatic ICAD patients refractory to medical-exclusive treatment, as a means to reduce the risk of presenting a new neurological deficit. Further expanded clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and the advantage of this kind of stents against other kinds reported in the literature.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Bouchenaki F ◽  
Habchi N ◽  
Boustil K ◽  
Benachou S ◽  
Bakhti S

The lipomyelomeningocele (LMMC) is a type of congenital occult spinal dysraphism consistent with the presence of lipomatous tissue adhering to the epinetic marrow, which falls through a defect of the vertical colon with the former meninges and the marrow under posture the skin. LMMC is the cause of the most frequent congenital attache between the cadre of the syndrome of the attached cord and causes a neurological deterioration due to the compression of the medical bone and the root system which is superadded. It is therefore about a girl from 6 years ago with a swelling located in the region of Lombardy after the birth of the size of a tangerine which has increased the size gradually with age. He presented the interrogation of the signs of urinary incontinence and the fact that he confirmed that he left us to fellow therapists who sent him to us for support. The local examination of the lumbosacral region revealed a single mass without other distinctive skin signs, spherical in shape, 12 × 10 cm, soft and fixed in consistency. A medullary MRI with effect, which reveals a mass of lipomate consistency at the level of lumbosacral associated with a bone spina extending from L5 to S2. Surgical treatment was indicated as the patient had urinary problems. There were no postoperative complications and after a few months postoperative symptoms improved.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Cecilia G Rojo Vázquez ◽  
Hugo Enrique Hernández Martínez ◽  
Marta Georgina Ochoa Madrigal

The main objectiveof this paper was to review recent literature and analyze how ADHD researchand conceptualization has adapted to what we clinically see at our practice. This review is of special importance due to the highly heterogeneous clinicalpresentation of this disease.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
K Khalfi ◽  
N Habchi ◽  
I Ikhlef ◽  
M Djaafer

Spontaneous epidural hematoma during pregnancy is rare but it requires urgent diagnosis and decompressive surgery because the prognosis is mainly linked to the speed of treatment. Reporting the case of a pregnant woman in the 8th month of pregnancy who presented back pain with paraplegia, an MRI was performed on her returning in favor of a compressive hematoma at the D1D2 level. Followed by a D1D2 laminectomy with evacuation of the hematoma. The postoperative period is marked by total neurological recovery.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Weiping Zhan

Background: Currently, photon therapy is mainly used for radiotherapy, however, the long-term side effects of photon therapy are sometimes reported, especially in children, including cognitive decline, mental decline, growth retardation, endocrine dysfunction and secondary tumor.Compared with photon radiotherapy, proton therapy is a novel method of radiation therapy, which reduces acute and late radiation damage and improves patients’ quality of life. Therefore, we evaluated proton therapy on medulloblastoma patients by meta-analysis in this study. Materials and Methods: A clinical randomized controlled trial was conducted by retrieving the main databases PubMed (Medline), EMbase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Zhi-wang (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database. We analyzed the literature which matched the quality criteria for the prognostic impact of proton and photon therapy on medulloblastoma patients. Results: Ten articles were included in this study. The overall survival (OS) rate and side effects were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that proton radiotherapy significantly reduced the side effects and recurrence rate of tumor. Conclusion: Proton therapy could significantly reduce the side effects and recurrence rate of medulloblastoma in patients.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
F. Bouchenaki

The term spina includes several types of congenital malformations including closed spinal dysraphisms, among these 10% are dermal sinuses.Our series includes 29 patients, the majority of which were asymptomatic, but these can present with different clinical pictures including neurological and / or infectious signs indicating a neglected dermal sinus and which therefore requires urgent treatment in the environment. Neurosurgical.MRI confirmed the diagnosis showing the dermal sinus tract communicating from the surface of the skin to the intra-dural space.Once the diagnosis has been made, surgical treatment becomes imperative and urgent because, despite the benignity of the lesion, the majority of which are located in the lumbar region, can lead to formidable neurological sequelae compromising the functional prognosis or even the vital prognosis in some cases.All of our patients were operated on and we obtained 90% good results, however we deplore one case of aggravation and one death.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
K. Badache

Introduction: Choroid plexus papillomas are rare neuroepithelial tumors found primarily in children. It represents less than 1% of all central nervous system tumors. Materials and methods: A retrospective study including 14 patients with choroid plexus papilloma tumors were performed at the Neurosurgery Department in Ait IDDIR Health Hospital Establishment between January 2010 and December 2017. In each case, diagnosis was made clinically and confirmed radiologically and histo-pathologically. All patients were operated. Results and discussion: The mean age was 26 years (ranged 3 months –48 years) .In our department, we grouped together 14 cases of choroid plexus papilloma tumors. For mortality we had one case who died during surgery, survival rate for 04 years is 100% .We had not recurrence during the study period.All patients had intracranial hypertension (HIC) without neurological deficit and benefited from brain CT, MRI and an Angiography. The location of the tumor was: Lateral ventricle, Fourth ventricle, Third ventricle. All patients underwent surgical excision with or without ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Conclusion: Choroid plexus papillomas are rare neuroepithelial tumors, typically considered benign lesions, derived from the choroid plexus and appear like cauliflower.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Bekralas H

Angiosarcomas also called hemangioendothelia, are rare and highly malignant vascular tumors of mesodermal origin, they represent 08-10% of cancers and can affect any part of the body.Angiosarcoma mainly affects the skin, the face is the preferred topography in adults, it remains exceptional in children, with a predilection for the mediastinum and pericardium,The angiogenesis of angiosarcomas is still poorly understood; However, chronic lymphedema and exposure to prolonged radiotherapy are blamed. Total surgical excision is the treatment of choice in localized forms, followed by chemotherapy. pre- and post-operative radiotherapy may be necessary.New studies have shown the effectiveness of beta blockers (propranolol) in the management of angiosarcomas.The prognosis depends on the age of the patient, the size of the tumor, the histological grade and the extent of tumor progression.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Robert Skopec

Dementia is an umbrella term for a collection of symptoms that are caused by disorders affecting the brain and impact on memory, thinking, behaviour and emotion. The most common is Alzheimer’s disease, which affects 50-60% of people with dementia. Other types of dementia include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and fronto-temporal dementia. Dementia can also sometimes affect people who are under the age of 65. This is known as young onset dementia. Our brains are made up of over 86 billion nerve cells – more than the stars in the Milky Way. Dementia damages nerve cells so they are no longer able to communicate effectively and this impacts on how our body functions.


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