Determination of rate of cross circulation in parabiotic rats with P32-labeled erythrocytes

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Fleming ◽  
Laura Caldwell ◽  
Roberta Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Blood Volumes

Litter-mate female rats parabiosed at 21 days by the Bunster-Meyer method were allowed to mature for several months. Volumes of blood obtained from donor animals were incubated at 37°C with P32, in the form of buffered isotonic sodium phosphate. A plasma-free suspension of labeled erythrocytes was prepared and a sample of known activity was injected into the femoral vein of one member of each parabiotic pair. Four pairs of 100 lambda blood samples, obtained by venipuncture, were taken at varying intervals, for the succeeding 150 minutes. Using the dye dilution principle, it was possible to determine the blood volume of the injected rat after the first sample, and that of the pair at the time of equilibrium. The average blood volume was 6.53% of body weight. The concentration of tagged cells reached equal values in both members of the pairs at an average time of 90 minutes. There was less than a 20% loss of total activity in all the pairs used for determinations. An equation was derived for the calculation of the rate of exchange. The average for 15 pairs was 2.09 blood volumes per hour. The range was from 3.95 bl. vol/hr. in the fastest pair to 0.74 bl. vol/hr. in the slowest.

Blood Volumes of Dairy Calves Comparing Cr51-Tagged Red Blood Cells and T-1824 Plasma Dilution Methods

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Ruth Stahl ◽  
Homer E. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Computation Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Whole Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Volumes

In a repeated study on 17 dairy calves, T-1824 dye plasma dilution showed significantly higher blood volumes than were found by any other technique or computation method using Cr51-tagged red blood cells. Five blood samples taken at 20-minute intervals after injection showed consistent decrease in radioactivity count from the first to the last sample, indicating greater accuracy in radioactivity dilution regressed to zero time figures than in average counts of several postinjection samples. In vitro studies suggest a loss of Cr51 from red blood cells to plasma after saline washings are Cr-free. Percentage blood volumes computed from whole blood samples of calves injected with Cr51-tagged red blood cells decreased in a straight line relationship with increase of body weight. Percentage plasma and whole blood volumes estimated with the T-1824 dye technique decreased regularly with body weight increase until a second determination was made when there was a rapid rise nearly to the level of the smallest calves, followed by another regular decrease with increase in weight. It is suggested that repeated dye injections do not always measure the same space. Regressed values of five whole blood samples taken at 20-minute intervals after injection of Cr51 tagged red blood cells gave more consistent blood volume determinations than either the weighed red cells or the plasma dye dilutions of the same samples.

Use of Values for Calcium and Protein Serum, and of a Derived Index Obtained from a Probability Population Sample

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-506
Author(s):  
Anthea Kelly ◽  
Louis Munan ◽  
Claude PetitClerc ◽  
Kok Ping Ho ◽  
Bernard Billon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Annual Index ◽  
Protein Serum

Abstract Volume 22 p 1726: In the footnote to Table 3, the last half of the sentence should read " for SI units, the index becomes (80 calcium - 120)/protein." Volume 23 p 1779: In column two of "corrections," the word "malate" should be substituted for "maleate." p 2127: In column two, last line, change "chinic" to "chenodeoxycholic." On the next page, change the last part of the sub-legend to Figure 7 to read "(5) ursodeoxycholic acid, (6) cholic acid." p 2205: col. two, line 32. For "mg/g body weight" read "mg/kg body weight." p 2288: In the last sentence of the abstract, change ".... 0.3 to 7.8 mole..." to "... 0.3 to 7.8 mmol...." p 2289: Table 1, footnote a should read: "Millimoles of 4NP injected/270 x 10-3 moles of 4NPP. This is calculated as if the 4NP were present in 270 nmol of 4NPP...." p 2290: In Table 2, in column A "7.76d" should read "7.76c" p 2356: The reader may incorrectly infer that the "Gamma-Coat Kit" (CA 535, 536; 555, 556) is intended for the analysis of dried blood samples on paper in screening for congenital hypothyroidism in infants. Actually, that kit is intended for serum thyroxine assay. A modified kit dedicated to dried blood-sample screening for hypothyroidism is currently under development and will be introduced shortly as CA-538, 558. Further, in Tables and text, the "3.5-mm" disks referred to should read "3.18 mm" (⅛''). This is of significance, because the error in diameter produces a 20% error in the apparent blood volume or thyroxine content per disk in the Tables. Inadvertent omissions from the list of invited reviewers (p 2360) and our annual index are, respectively: Jocelyn M. Hicks and Royden Rand and "Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of α-Amylase Activity in Saliva, with p-Nitrophenyl α-Maltoside as Substrate," by Baiba K. Gillard, Henry C. Markman, and Stephen A. Feig. (p 2279)

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EXCRETION OF A FAT-MOBILIZING SUBSTANCE IN THE URINE OF RATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Beaton ◽  
A. J. Szlavko ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Factors Influencing

The effect of various factors on excretion of a lipid-mobilizing activity in FMS IA (anorexigenic) and in FMS IB (fat-mobilizing) by the fasting rat has been investigated. During fasting, the greatest excretion of such activity in FMS IA and FMS IB occurred in the first 24 hours and diminished thereafter up to 72 hours; and the specific activity of FMS IB was greatest in the first 24 hours whereas that of FMS IA was constant throughout. The hypothalamicobese rat excretes FMS IA and FMS IB in greater than normal amounts. The alloxan-diabetic rat excretes less total activity of FMS IA and IB than do control animals. Young male rats excrete greater amounts of FMS IB, but not of FMS IA, than do adult rats, the greatest excretion per 100 g body weight being observed at approximately 37 days of age. At 27 days of age (prepuberty), male rats excreted a greater total activity of FMS IB but not of FMS IA than did female rats. At 90 days of age (post-puberty), there was no apparent sex difference in the amount of total activity of FMS IB excreted per rat, but when expressed per 100 g body weight, females excreted more FMS IB than did males.

Determination of residual blood volume required for survival in rapidly hemorrhaged splenectomized dogs

1958 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rawson ◽  
Shu Chien ◽  
M. T. Peng ◽  
R. J. Dellenback
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Residual Blood ◽  
Blood Volumes

Twenty-four splenectomized dogs (average blood volume of 83 ml/kg) were hemorrhaged from 43–55% of their control blood volumes. The Fcells factor as determined from cell (Cr51) and plasma (T-1824) volume measurements was unchanged by severe hemorrhage. (0.88, S.D., 0.020 before and 0.88, S.D., 0.028 after hemorrhage). There were 12 survivors and 12 nonsurvivors. Fifty per cent survival occurred at a residual blood volume of 61%. The results are compared with previous studies in this laboratory and discussed in relation to factors that appear to influence the tolerance to reduction in blood volume.

Plasma and blood volumes of the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1866-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Keiver ◽  
M. Chandler ◽  
R. J. Frank ◽  
K. Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
Cystophora Cristata ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Blood Volumes

Plasma volumes and haematocrits were determined in six hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) and blood volumes were estimated. Expressed on a total body weight basis, plasma volume was found to range from 39 to 109 mL∙kg−1 and blood volume from 93 to 222 mL∙kg−1. Logarithms of the values for plasma and blood volume varied directly with the total body weight of the seals.

Effect of Angiotensin II on Blood Volume and Water Intake in the Rat

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Abdelaal ◽  
P. F. Mercer ◽  
G. J. Mogenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Drinking Response ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Infusion Period

Experiments were performed to investigate whether the copious drinking of rats infused with angiotensin II results from a reduction in plasma volume. Angiotensin II (Hypertensin, CIBA) dissolved in 0.9% NaCl was infused through a jugular cannula into conscious, unrestrained rats at a rate of 0.72 ± 0.015 μg kg−1 min−1 for a 30 min period. The amount of angiotensin II required to induce the first drinking response was 6.43 ± 0.667 μg/kg body weight and the latency to drink following the initiation of the infusion was 9.1 ± 0.97 min. The average intake of water during the first drinking bout was 6.3 ± 0.43 ml/kg. The total intake of water during the 30 min infusion period was 13.0 ± 1.37 ml/kg. Plasma volume and hematocrit were determined before and during the angiotensin II infusion. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular cannula before the infusion began and again either 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, or 30 min after the infusion began. The same determinations were also made either when angiotensin II initiated drinking, 2 min or 8 min thereafter. There were no significant changes in either plasma volume or hematocrit. It is concluded that angiotensin-induced drinking does not occur because of hypovolemia produced by angiotensin II.

scholarly journals The determination of the minimal lethal dose of various toxic substances and its relationship to the body weight warm-blooded animals, together with considerations bearing on the dosage of drugs

1914 ◽  
Vol 87 (595) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In the course of investigations on the production, distribution, and rate of disappearance in the body of immune substances, we were occupied in 1908 and previous years with a series of experiments on agglutinins, and we arrived at conclusions pointing to their close relationship to the blood and blood-forming organs (1, 2). In association with these inquiries, one of us (G. D.), together with W. Ray, published a communication on the relation­ship between the blood volume and the distribution of agglutinins within the circulation (3). It was there shown that the concentration of this substance (agglutinin) in the blood after inoculation into an animal was proportional to the body surface of the animal concerned, and was thus approximately proportional to the two-thirds power of the weight. Hence was deduced the conclusion that the blood volume of the animals examined was proportional to their body surface.

Central and noncentral blood volumes in cirrhosis: relationship to anthropometrics and gender

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. G970-G979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Møller ◽  
Jens H. Henriksen ◽  
Flemming Bendtsen
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Blood Volumes

The size of the central and arterial blood volume (CBV) is essential in the understanding of fluid retention in cirrhosis. Previously, it has been reported decreased, normal, or increased, but no reports have analyzed CBV with respect to gender and lean body mass. The aim of the present study was by means of an optimized technique to reassess it in a large group of patients with cirrhosis compared with healthy controls and matched controls in relationship to their body dimensions and gender. Eighty-three patients with cirrhosis (male/female, 60:23), 67 patients without liver disease (male/female, 22:45), and 14 young healthy controls (male/female, 6:8) underwent a hemodynamic investigation with determination of cardiac output, central circulation time, and CBV determined according to kinetic principles. Related to gender, CBV was lower in male cirrhotics (1.48 ± 0.30 liter) than in matched and young controls (1.68 ± 0.33 and 1.72 ± 0.33 liter, respectively; P < 0.05–0.01). No significant differences in CBV were seen between female cirrhotics and controls. Absolute and adjusted CBVs were lower in the females than in men with cirrhosis ( P < 0.001), and men with cirrhosis had lower absolute and body weight-adjusted CBVs than matched controls ( P< 0.01). Normalized values of CBV (%total blood volume) were significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis (25 ± 4%) than in matched controls (31 ± 7%) and young controls (28 ± 4%; P < 0.02). CBV correlated significantly with anthropometrics, including lean body mass ( r = 0.68–0.82; P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the CBV of patients with cirrhosis was lower than that of controls when adjusted for body dimensions and gender. There are significant gender differences, and signs of underfilling are more pronounced in male than in female patients. The results emphasize the importance of adjustments of blood volumes for anthropometrics and gender.

scholarly journals An experimental study of albino rats fed on Nigella sativa and aspirin for four weeks duration: determination of coagulation profile

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhtar Munir ◽  
Muhammad Tayyib ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Mashraf ◽  
Anjum Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Group I

Ninety albino rats were selected and were divided into six groups on the basis of different diets given. Control group (I) was fed on synthetic diet and experimental groups (IIA, IIB, IIC, IID and IIE) were fed on 1 mg aspirin, 15mg, 30 mg, 45 mg Nigella Sativa per kg body weight respectively while HE was given 30 mg NS and 1 mg aspirin/kg body wt. Blood samples were collected by heart puncture and Coagulation parameters were done. BT was prolonged in groups taking aspirin only. APTT was reduced significantly in groups taking different concentration of NS when compared with control. Percentage of clot retraction was weak significantly in groups taking aspirin only when comparing with other groups.

Plasma and blood volumes in the little brown bat

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Kallen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
Blood Volumes

Modifications are described which make T-1824 suitable for plasma volume determinations on small bats. An average plasma volume of 6.5 ml/100 gm body weight has been determined for the active little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus; average blood volume, based on plasma volume and hematocrit, is 13.0 ml/100 gm body weight. Seasonal changes have been observed which apparently result primarily from changes in lean body weight and from pregnancy. Young bats have a proportionately greater blood volume. No significant differences have been found between sexes, nor between determinations made during day and night hours. Plasma and blood levels are changing least at the beginning and end of the hibernating period. Comparisons of previous studies suggest that, while a plasma decrease and unchanged cell volume seem generally characteristic of mammals which have entered hibernation, a concurrent drop in heart blood hematocrit of the hibernating bat suggests a redistribution of erythrocytes as well.

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