Effect of injections of hypertonic solutions on blood flow through the femoral artery of the dog

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Marshall ◽  
John T. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Flow Through

Blood flow through the femoral artery was measured in 10 dogs; a bubble flowmeter was used in 5 and, in the other 5, an ultrasonic flowmeter was used. Rapid injections of 2 ml of 10–20% solution of NaCl caused a definite but transient reduction in flow, followed by a prolonged twofold to threefold increase. Similar effects were noted with other Na salts and also with 25–50% dextrose solution. The use of 25 and 50% solutions of urea caused only a prolonged increase in flow. Isotonic NaCl solution had little or no effect. Continuous infusions at 2.3 ml/min. of 10 and 20% solution of NaCl and 50% dextrose and urea solutions caused only doubled to tripled increase in flow which continued throughout infusion. The initial reduction in flow cannot be explained by reduction in perfusion pressure and may result from reversible hemagglutination in small vessels. The increase in flow is due to vasodilatation locally mediated, since it could not be accounted for by changes in perfusion pressure and was unchanged after denervation of the leg. The mechanism of the dilatation is uncertain, but since it occurs with salt-free hypertonic solutions it is not specific for sodium-containing salts.

scholarly journals Blood Perfusion of the Kidney of Lophius Piscatorius L.

1953 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brull ◽  
E. Nizet ◽  
E. B. Verney
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Flow Through

Lophius kidneys perfused with the heparinized blood (venous) of the fish secrete urine in which total non-protein nitrogen is concentrated, magnesium highly concentrated, and chloride only slightly so or not at all. Oxygenation of the blood, or lowering the temperature of the perfusate from c. 20° to c. 5° C. does not appear to influence secretion. The blood flow through the kidneys increases with the perfusion pressure, the increase often becoming disproportionately large. The urine flow, on the other hand, above a certain critical level is largely independent of changes in perfusion pressure.

Blood flow elevation increases VO2 maximum during repetitive tetanic contractions of dog muscle in situ

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1499-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Brechue ◽  
B. T. Ameredes ◽  
G. M. Andrew ◽  
W. N. Stainsby
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Arterial Supply ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Blood flow through the gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle of the dog in situ was increased by a pump in the arterial supply during a 30-min period of 1/s isotonic tetanic contractions. Compared with a control series of experiments with normoxemia and spontaneous flow, the pump increased flow 84%, from 1.51 +/- 0.08 to 2.78 +/- 0.15 ml.g-1.min-1. The perfusion pressure was increased from 125 to 196 mmHg. The pump hyperemia increased maximal O2 uptake (VO2) at 5 min of contractions by 31%, from 8.97 +/- 0.44 to 12.89 +/- 0.30 mumol.g-1.min-1. The extraction was decreased, and venous PO2 (PVO2) was increased. Fatigue, measured as a drop in power production from the highest level at 10 s to 30 min, was 49% during pump hyperemia and 54% in the control conditions. VO2 decreased 30% from the 5-min value to the 30-min value with pump hyperemia and 28% over the same time in the control conditions. At maximal VO2, the ratio VO2/PVO2 was increased by pump hyperemia compared with control conditions, suggesting an increased O2 diffusing conductance of the muscles. We conclude that the elevated perfusion pressure of pump hyperemia increased flow to raise maximal VO2 mainly in areas of the muscle that had restricted flow under control conditions.

scholarly journals Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Intracranial Pressure Elevation due to Traumatic Brain Edema

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Tweed ◽  
Jørn Overgaard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Intracranial Pressure Elevation ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY:The object of this study was to determine if traumatic brain edema (BE) and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) reduce cerebral blood flow (CBF). Two groups of patients were studied, one with slight BE and ICP less than 20 mm Hg., the other with pronounced BE and ICP over 20 mm Hg. Although ICP was higher and cerebral perfusion pressure lower in pro-nounced edema there was only a small and non-significant reduction in CBF and no difference in cerebro-vascular resistance. Since traumatic BE does not increase resistance to blood flow through the brain, cerebral perfusion can be maintained if an adequate perfusion pressure is established. This in turn, demands the monitoring and control of ICP.

scholarly journals Cell Death–associated ADAMTS4 and Versican Degradation in Vascular Tissue

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Kenagy ◽  
Seung-Kee Min ◽  
Alexander W. Clowes ◽  
John D. Sandy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
High Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flow Through

High blood flow through baboon polytetrafluorethylene aorto-iliac grafts increases neointimal vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) death, neointimal atrophy, and cleavage of versican to generate the DPEAAE neoepitope, a marker of ADAMTS-mediated proteolysis. In this study, we have determined the effect of high blood flow on transcript abundance in the neointima for ADAMTS1, −4, −5, −8, −9, −15, and −20. We found that after 24 hr of flow, the mRNA for ADAMTS4 was significantly increased, whereas that for the other family members was unchanged. Because vascular SMC death is markedly increased in the graft after 24 hr of high flow, we next examined the possibility that the ADAMTS4 induction and the cell death are causally related. The addition of Fas ligand to SMC cultures increased both ADAMTS4 mRNA and cell death ∼5-fold, consistent with the idea that ADAMTS4-dependent cleavage of versican may be partly responsible for cell death and tissue atrophy under these conditions.

scholarly journals Causal Relationship between Celiac Stenosis and Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Aneurysm: Interpretation by Simulation Using an Electric Circuit

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hye Jeong Yoon ◽  
Jeong Sik Choi ◽  
Woo Young Shin ◽  
Keon-Young Lee ◽  
Seung-Ik Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Pancreaticoduodenal Artery ◽  
Hybrid Techniques ◽  
Flow Through

Pancreaticoduodenal artery (PDA) aneurysm and celiac artery (CA) stenosis are rare diseases in themselves. Interestingly, however, there are more cases documented in the literature in which these two disease entities occurred together than could be coincidental, and CA stenosis has been suggested as the provocative condition in developing PDA aneurysm. This study is aimed at examining the causal relationship between CA stenosis and PDA aneurysm by simulating the splanchnic circulation with an electric circuit. A patient with multiple PDA aneurysms and collaterals with CA stenosis was treated in our institution using hybrid techniques. The patient’s pre- and postoperative status was simulated using an electric circuit, and the two possible scenarios were tested for compatibility: the stenosis-first scenario vs. the aneurysm-first scenario. The simulation was performed in two ways: using Simulink® software (MATLAB® Release 2018b) and actual circuit construction on a breadboard. The stenosis-first scenario showed that as the CA stenosis progresses, the blood flow through PDA increases, favoring the development of an aneurysm and/or collaterals if the artery was already compromised by a weakening condition. On the other hand, the aneurysm-first scenario also showed that if the aneurysm or collaterals developed first, the aneurysm will steal the blood flow through the CA, causing it to collapse if the artery was already compromised by increased wall tension. Contrary to the common belief, this study showed that in patients suffering from concurrent CA stenosis and PDA aneurysm, either condition could develop first and predispose the development of the other. The simulation of splanchnic blood flow with an electric circuit provides a useful tool for analyzing rare vascular diseases that are difficult to provoke in clinical and animal studies.

Local effect of adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate vessel resistance

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Small Artery ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Vessel Resistance

The local effects of adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate (AMP, ADP, and ATP) on resistance to blood flow through large and small vessels of the forelimb were studied in 14 anesthetized dogs. This was accomplished by holding blood flow constant to the forelimb while pressures in the brachial artery, cephalic vein, and a small artery and vein in the forepaw were recorded. Acute local elevation of plasma AMP, ADP, and ATP concentration greatly decreased resistance to blood flow in the small vessels over a wide dose range. It is concluded that AMP, ADP, and ATP act primarily on small vessels, and particularly arterioles, to produce active vasodilatation.

Effect of rhythmically inflating a pneumatic cuff at the ankle on blood flow in the foot

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrew Loane
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Venous Occlusion Plethysmography ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
And Calorimetry

Rhythmic inflation to 110 mm Hg of a pneumatic cuff around the ankle of a seated subject reduces the venous pressure in the foot and is found by three methods, venous occlusion plethysmography, heat flow and calorimetry, to increase the rate of blood flow through the foot. The increases measured by the three methods are not, however, in quantitative agreement and it is not possible to decide how large the increase may be. It is considered, however, that the increase in flow is probably of the same order as the increase in perfusion pressure and not greatly in excess of this increase. Submitted on August 5, 1958

Autoregulation absent in normal kidney but present after renal damage

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy B. Langston ◽  
Arthur C. Guyton ◽  
William J. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Normal Kidney

Experiments of this study indicate that the kidney does not normally autoregulate its blood flow; in these experiments a change in perfusion pressure always resulted in a corresponding change in renal blood flow when the kidney was not subjected to surgical trauma. On the other hand, when renal ischemia was induced or when the perirenal tissues were intentionally damaged, autoregulation of renal blood flow occurred in every instance. Two possible theories are discussed for this autoregulation: a) blockage of the renal lymphatic drainage and b) disruption of the blood supply to the walls of the renal and intrarenal arteries.

scholarly journals Blood perfusion of the kidney of Lophius piscatorius L.: II. Influence of perfusion pressure on urine volume

1954 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brull ◽  
Y. Cuypers
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Active Process ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Water Secretion

SummaryThe urine secretion of the kidneys of Lophius piscatorius perfused with heparinized Lophius blood is very sensitive to perfusion pressure below a critical level, above which it becomes insensitive. The response of the urine flow to pressure takes the form of an exponential curve.The blood flow through the kidneys, while rising slowly at pressures of about 20–30 mm of water, responds arithmetically to pressure above such levels.At present it is impossible to make out whether pressure or blood flow has the greatest influence on secretion.Water secretion in the aglomerular kidney is an active process. The oxygen consumption of the Lophius kidney is unmeasurably low, yet remains a possible factor in secretion.

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