Fasting gastric content of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciurea)

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Brodie ◽  
R. W. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Gastric Content ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Significant Fall ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Saimiri Sciurea

Free acid was found in the fasting gastric contents of each of 13 squirrel monkeys studied. A comparison of gastric contents from unrestrained and restrained monkeys indicated that restraint significantly increased the free acid concentration. Over a 24-hr period, there was a decrease in volume, free acid and total acid concentration, and pepsin value of the gastric juice. Histamine (0.1 mg/kg hr, subcutaneously) produced a significant increase in free acid and total acid concentration, while the volume and pepsin values were not changed. Methacholine, at cumulative doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously, produced a significant decrease in free and total acid concentration while the volume was not altered. Atropine, in cumulative doses of 8, 16, and 48 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, produced a significant fall in volume of gastric juice collected. However, free acid concentration was reduced only at the highest dose and total acid concentration was not changed by any of the doses tested.

Effect of restraint on gastric acidity in the rat

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Brodie ◽  
Richard W. Marshall ◽  
Oscar M. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Gastric Content ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Gastric Fistula ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Chronic Fistula ◽  
Collection Period

Chronic gastric fistula rats were prepared by implanting stainless steel cannulas in the rumen portion of the stomachs of male Holtzman rats and gastric content was collected in both the unrestrained and restrained state. Gastric secretion in acute pylorus-ligated rats, unrestrained and restrained, was studied at the same time. Volume of gastric content, free and total acidity, and free acid output were significantly lower in the chronic fistula rats as compared to the pylorus-ligated rats in the initial 4-hr collection period. A study of 24-hr gastric content in chronic fistula rats showed that restraint produced a significant decrease in volume, a significant increase in free and total acid concentration, and no change in free acid output, while the restrained pylorus-ligated rats had a significant decrease in volume, no change in free or total acid concentration, and a significant decrease in free acid output as compared with control values. This suggests that an increase in acid concentration is an important change produced in gastric secretion by restraint stress.

Effect of restraint on fasting gastric content of spider monkeys

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank P. Brooks ◽  
Peter Ridley ◽  
Francoise Attinger ◽  
Kent Neff
Keyword(s):  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Gastric Content ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Spider Monkeys ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Daytime Activity

The effect of restraint in a chair, compared to conditions permitting free movement, on the fasting gastric content was studied in spider monkeys during 3- and 24-hr experiments. In the 3-hr experiments, the volume and "free" and total acid concentrations were significantly reduced during restraint. The pepsin concentration was increased but not to a statistically significant level. In the 24-hr experiments, there was little change noted in volume and acid concentration throughout the study when the animals were restrained. In contrast the freemoving animals showed a greater volume during the period of daytime activity than when they were restrained, but exhibited a marked decrease in volume and acid concentration during the night. The pepsin concentration during the first 9 hr was significantly greater in the restraint experiments.

Fasting gastric contents in the spider monkey

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Smith ◽  
F. P. Brooks ◽  
R. A. Davis ◽  
S. S. Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Gastric Content ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Spider Monkey ◽  
Spider Monkeys ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Gastric Contents

Five spider monkeys ( ateles) were equipped with chronic gastric fistulae of a modified Thomas type. After an 18-hour fast, gastric contents were collected by dependent drainage with the animals restrained in a chair for 18 experiments and loose in their cages during 17 experiments. Restraint in the chair significantly decreased the acidity of one monkey's gastric contents. Single subcutaneous injections of 0.13–0.27 mg histamine base/kg body weight were given hourly and juice was collected during a 4-hour period. Total acid and pepsin outputs were increased in all 12 experiments. Approximately 2 u of insulin/kg body weight were injected intravenously to produce hypoglycemia. Gastric content was collected after the insulin injection for 3 hours 15 experiments and for 5 hours in 9 experiments. Total acid and pepsin outputs were increased in all experiments, but there was significant variation in the acid response in all the monkeys during the fourth and fifth hours following the insulin injection. These results may have particular significance for studies of nervous control of gastric content in man.

scholarly journals Gastric secretion in suckling pigs and early-weaned pigs given a dry cow's-milk formula ad lib.

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Decuypere ◽  
R. Bossuyt ◽  
H. K. Henderickx
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Gastrin Release ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Gastric Contents

1. Twelve gastric-cannulated litter-mate pigs were used to study secretion and proteolytic activity in the stomach of suckling and early-weaned pigs in relation to age and food intake.2. Results demonstrate that from the first observation at day 8, piglets were able to secrete acid. pH and acid concentration did not change during the first 4 weeks of life.3. Proteolytic activity was low during the first 2–3 weeks of life and rapidly increased thereafter.4. Two phenomena differentiated suckling pigs from pigs given dry cow's milk: (1) a low buffering capacity the gastric contents, beginning 1 h after feeding the dry cow's-milk formula, results in a low total acid concentration in the weaned pigs and (2) the increase in proteolytic activity in relation to the age is much more pronounced in the artificially-reared pigs.5. These two phenomena are discussed and related to the formation of a hard casein clot in the stomach of the cow's-milk-fed pigs, which has a long retention time and stimulates gastrin release.

INTRAPANCREATIC REGULATION OF HORMONE SECRETION IN THE DOMESTIC FOWL, GALLUS DOMESTICUS

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. HAZELWOOD ◽  
D. R. LANGSLOW
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Endocrine Secretion ◽  
Temporal Basis ◽  
Chicken Pancreas

The intrapancreatic endocrine regulation of hormone secretion by the chicken pancreas was studied. Fasted adult male chickens were prepared surgically for the collection of 'gastric' juice and blood samples from the femoral artery. Avian hormone preparations of insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (APP) were injected at doses of 50 μg hormone/ kg body wt. Immunoassays of insulin, glucagon and APP were carried out on plasma, as were analyses for glucose, uric acid and free fatty acids (FFA). Gastric juice was analysed for volume flow and total protein, free acid and pepsin concentrations. Injection of insulin decreased all gastric parameters markedly (in contrast to its effect in mammals) and also increased the concentrations of FFA, glucagon (a bimodal response) and uric acid. The increases in levels of FFA, glucagon and uric acid occurred as early as 2·5 min after injection and considerably before significant hypoglycaemia was induced (15–30 min). Injection of glucagon caused a modest decrease in the volume of gastric secretion, but had little other effect except for a small increase in the amount of pepsin released. At 2·5 min, glucagon gave rise to a significant increase in the levels of insulin and FFA in the plasma, and after 15 min the levels of glucose and uric acid had also increased. A progressive decrease in the concentration of APP in the plasma was observed, which was greatest after 15 min and was 28% below control values. In all respects, APP was a powerful avian gastric secretogogue, but had no effect on the concentrations of plasma glucose and insulin. Whereas APP decreased the concentration of FFA in the plasma immediately, the peptide increased both the total and pancreatic levels of immunoreactive glucagon by 50% within 2·5 min, and this increase was even greater at 15 min. Collectively, the results obtained indicate, on a temporal basis, that intrapancreatic regulation of endocrine secretion occurs in Aves and that the release phenomena produce an immediate response. Subsequent or secondary hormone release may occur in response to peripheral metabolic events, especially those requiring homeostatic corrective measures.

Properties of superior vestibular nucleus neurons projecting to the cerebellar flocculus in the squirrel monkey

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
A. M. Partsalis ◽  
S. M. Highstein
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Oculomotor Nucleus ◽  
Position Sensitivity ◽  
Cerebellar Flocculus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Superior Vestibular Nucleus

1. Properties of superior vestibular nucleus (SVN) neurons and their projection to the cerebellar flocculus were studied in alert squirrel monkeys by using chronic unit and eye movement recording and microstimulation techniques. Twenty-three cells were antidromically activated from the ipsilateral flocculus, and seventeen of these were also orthodromically activated from the ipsilateral VIIth nerve at monosynaptic latencies. Only 1 of these 23 units was also inhibited by flocculus stimulation. According to their response properties, 9 of the cells were pure vestibular, 2 were vestibular-pause, and 12 were position-vestibular cells. The mean eye position sensitivity of these position-vestibular cells was significantly lower than that of cells projecting to the oculomotor nucleus (OMN). No eye movement-only neurons were antidromically activated from the flocculus. No cells could be antidromically activated from both the oculomotor nucleus and the flocculus.

VAGINAL CORNIFICATION CYCLES IN THE SQUIRREL MONKEY (SAIMIRI SCIUREA)

1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Rosenblum ◽  
T. Nathan ◽  
J. Nelson ◽  
I.C.H. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Saimiri Sciurea
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