Вплив цинку на метаболічні процеси в нормі та при патології

Zinc belongs to the independent human trace elements. Its biological role is taken into account with the activity of attracting endocrine secretion. As a component of some enzymes, zinc affects the processes of reproduction, live and carbohydrate metabolism. Zinc is an important trace element with a variety of biological functions, which is involved in cell growth, apoptosis and metabolism, as well as in the regulation of endocrine, immune and neuronal functions. At the cellular level, zinc stimulates the formation of polysomes, inhibits free radical oxidation, which is catalyzed by iron. The important role of zinc in nucleic metabolism, transcription processes, stabilization of nucleic acids, proteins and especially components of biological membranes. Zinc plays an important role in skeletal development. Zinc accelerates the synthesis of collagen in wounds, has a stabilizing effect on cytoplasmic membranes, and prevents the release of hydrolytic enzymes. In mitochondria, zinc inhibits the transport of electrons in the respiratory chain. This property is realized in sperm, where there is a lot of zinc and there is low respiratory activity of mitochondria. Zinc is necessary for the development of brain tissue. Zincergic neurons are found in the cerebral cortex. Zinc has been shown to play an important role in signal transduction by modulating excitatory and inhibitory cellular receptors and intracellular signaling proteins. Zinc has a special effect on the development and course of many diseases, such as Down syndrome, alcoholism, angina, dysmenorrhea, atherosclerosis and more.

Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: History and Analysis of the Clinical Utility of the Relationship

The endothelium is the single-cell monolayer that lines the entire vasculature. The endothelium has a barrier function to separate blood from organs and tissues but also has an increasingly appreciated role in anti-coagulation, vascular senescence, endocrine secretion, suppression of inflammation and beyond. In modern times, endothelial cells have been identified as the source of major endocrine and vaso-regulatory factors principally the dissolved lipophilic vosodilating gas, nitric oxide and the potent vascular constricting G protein receptor agonists, the peptide endothelin. The role of the endothelium can be conveniently conceptualized. Continued investigations of the mechanism of endothelial dysfunction will lead to novel therapies for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss the impact of endothelial dysfunction on cardiovascular disease and assess the clinical relevance of endothelial dysfunction.

PURE GONADAL DYSGENESIS: CLINICAL CASE AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

XX or XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (PGD) is defined by premature destruction of the fetal gonads which reduce to an undifferentiated stroma with absence of germ line and endocrine secretion. The phenotype is unambiguously female with a clinical picture associating primary amenorrhea and impuberty. We present in this article a clinical case illustrating this pathology in a young patient who presents a primary amenorrhea. The diagnosis of pure XX gonadal dysgenesis was retained based on the clinical and para-clinical examinations. The patient was treated with hormone replacement therapy. The chances of fertility are almost absent in our context, and the only way out is egg donation.

On the occasion of the anniversary of Nikolay P. Goncharov

In January 2020, the famous scientist biochemist-endocrinologist, MD, professor Nikolay P. Goncharov turned 85 years old. Nikolay P. Goncharov one of the leading experts in the field of biochemical endocrinology and hormonal analysis; he developed and introduced in the framework of the Human Reproduction program an experimental model for evaluating the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of new steroid drugs and regulators of endocrine secretion of steroid hormones. The editorial board of the journal Problems of Endocrinology congratulates NP Goncharov on his anniversary, wishes him good health, success, prosperity, vitality, fortitude and many more years of fruitful activity.

Evaluation of the Relationship between Adipose Metabolism Patterns and Secretion of Appetite-Related Endocrines on Chicken

In addition to the influence of genes, the quality of poultry products is mainly controlled by the rearing environment or feed composition during rearing, and has to meet human use and economical needs. As the only source of energy for poultry, feed considerably affects the metabolic pattern of poultry and further affects the regulation of appetite-related endocrine secretion in poultry. Under normal circumstances, the accumulation of lipid in adipose reduces feed intake in poultry and increases the rate of adipose metabolism. When the adipose content in cells decreases, endocrines that promote food intake are secreted and increase nutrient concentrations in serum and cells. By regulating the balance between appetite and adipose metabolism, the poultry’s growth and posture can maintain a balanced state. In addition, increasing fiber composition in feed can effectively increase poultry welfare, body weight, lean composition and antioxidant levels in poultry. According to this, the concept that proper fiber content should be added to feed should be considered for better economic benefits, poultry welfare and meat productivity.

Usefulness of immunohisto(cyto)chemistry, antigens and cell marker detection in cancer diagnosis and histogenesis

It was shown that the unification of neoplastic nomenclature could be very challenging. It was also noted that neoplastic disease is a dual disease, involving both the presence of neoplastic cells in the organism and the resulting disturbances in the functioning of the immune system. The study also follows the principle that the general markers are examined before the specific ones, especially in neoplasms of unknown origin or those suspected of endocrine secretion, such as carcinoid tumours.