Sympathetic function and development of temperature regulation

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Wekstein
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Sympathetic Function ◽  
Rate Of Cooling ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Time Required

Experiments were performed to determine the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the maturation of temperature regulation in the preweanling rat. Animals 6–16 days of age were placed in a 15 C air environment. The time required for their colonic temperatures to drop from 30 to 20 C was taken as an index of cooling rate. Reserpine, pentolinium, and nerve-growth-factor antiserum were used to evaluate autonomic function. None of these blocking agents influenced the rate of cooling of the 6-day-old animal. In the 16-day-old animal the same agents had a pronounced effect, such that control animals did not cool, while animals that had received reserpine cooled at a rate of 0.18 C/min, animals that had received the pentolinium cooled at a rate of 0.07 C/min, and animals that had received the antiserum for the first 5 days of life cooled at a rate of 0.15 C/min. This study indicates that the sympathetic nervous system is concerned with the development of homeothermy in the rat.

Sympathetic nervous system and blood pressure maintenance in the Brattleboro DI rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. R770-R775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Williams ◽  
M. D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sympathetic Function ◽  
Unstressed State ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Experiments were performed to determine the functional role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in blood pressure regulation in Brattleboro diabetes insipidus (DI) rats and to determine the effects of synthetic arginine vasopressin (AVP) on sympathetic function in DI rats. The experiments were conducted in male age-matched Long-Evans (LE) and DI rats in the conscious unstressed state. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were similar in conscious unstressed LE and DI rats, but basal plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were elevated in DI rats compared with LE rats. An intra-arterial bolus injection of hexamethonium (30 mg/kg) resulted in greater reductions of MAP in DI rats (-62 +/- 5 mmHg) than in LE rats (-42 +/- 7 mmHg; P less than 0.05). Administration of AVP to DI rats by osmotic minipump reduced plasma NE concentration in DI rats to a level not different from that in LE rats, but E concentration remained elevated. AVP administration to DI rats also reduced the hexamethonium-induced fall in MAP in these animals (-47 +/- 7 mmHg) to a level not different from that in LE rats. We conclude that the SNS plays a greater role in blood pressure maintenance in conscious DI rats than in LE rats and that AVP administration can normalize plasma NE concentration and the contribution of the SNS to blood pressure maintenance in these animals.

Thyroid hormone-catecholamine interrelationships during exposure to cold

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Storm ◽  
C. van Hardeveld ◽  
A. A. H. Kassenaar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Abstract. Basal plasma levels for adrenalin (A), noradrenalin (NA), l-triiodothyronine (T3), and l-thyroxine (T4) were determined in rats with a chronically inserted catheter. The experiments described in this report were started 3 days after the surgical procedure when T3 and T4 levels had returned to normal. Basal levels for the catecholamines were reached already 4 h after the operation. The T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 3, 7, and 14 days in rats kept at 4°C and the same holds for the iodide in the 24-h urine after 7 and 14 days at 4°C. The venous NA plasma concentration was increased 6- to 12-fold during the same period of exposure to cold, whereas the A concentration remained at the basal level. During infusion of NA at 23°C the T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 7 days compared to pair-fed controls, and the same holds for the iodide excretion in the 24-h urine. This paper presents further evidence for a role of the sympathetic nervous system on T4 metabolism in rats at resting conditions.

Neurovascular Role of Sympathetic Nervous System and Beta-Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms in Obesity and Hypertension

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Masuo ◽  
Gavin Lambert ◽  
Hiromi Rakugi ◽  
Toshio Ogihara ◽  
Murray Esler
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Resistant Hypertension: The Role of Sympathetic Nervous System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Tsioufis ◽  
Athanasios Kordalis ◽  
Dimitris Flessas ◽  
Ioannis Anastasopoulos ◽  
Dimitris Tsiachris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Resistant hypertension (RH) is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Among the characteristics of patients with RH, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and aldosterone excess are covering a great area of the mosaic of RH phenotype. Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity is present in all these underlying conditions, supporting its crucial role in the pathophysiology of antihypertensive treatment resistance. Current clinical and experimental knowledge points towards an impact of several factors on SNS activation, namely, insulin resistance, adipokines, endothelial dysfunction, cyclic intermittent hypoxaemia, aldosterone effects on central nervous system, chemoreceptors, and baroreceptors dysregulation. The further investigation and understanding of the mechanisms leading to SNS activation could reveal novel therapeutic targets and expand our treatment options in the challenging management of RH.

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