Circulatory response to bradykinin before and after autonomic nervous system blockade

The ability to maintain and respond to challenges to homeostasis is primarily a function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In infants with complex congenital heart defects this ability may be impaired. This study described change in ANS function before and after surgical correction in infants with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and in healthy infants. A total of 15 newborn infants with TGA were matched with 16 healthy infants on age, gender, and feeding type. The ANS function was measured using heart rate variability (HRV). Data were collected preoperatively in the 1st week of life and postoperatively before, during, and after feeding at 2 weeks and 2 months of age. Infants with TGA demonstrated significantly lower high-frequency and low-frequency HRV preoperatively ( p < .001) when compared with healthy infants. At 2 weeks, infants with TGA were less likely than healthy infants to demonstrate adaptive changes in high-frequency HRV during feeding (Wald Z = 2.002, p = .045), and at 2 months, 40% of TGA infants exhibited delayed postfeeding recovery. Further research is needed to more thoroughly describe mechanisms of a physiologically adaptive response to feeding and to develop nursing interventions supportive of these high-risk infants.

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Heart Rate Variability before and after Knee Surgery in Amateur Soccer Players

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.16.4.336 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 336-342

Author(s):

Nicolas Olivier ◽

Renaud Legrand ◽

Jacques Rogez ◽

FX Gamelin ◽

Serge Berthoin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Knee Surgery ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Total Power ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Hospitalization Period ◽

Before And After

Objective:To analyze the consequences on heart rate variability (HRV) of a hospitalization period due to surgery of the knee in sportsmen.Patients:Ten soccer players who had undergone knee surgery took part in this study.Design:HRV was measured before and after hospitalization within a 7-day interval.Results:After the hospitalization phase, heart rate at rest increased significantly (3 beats/minute). A significant decrease of 7% in the cardiac inter beat interval (R-R interval), P < 0.05 and a 66% decrease in total power spectral density: −66%, P < 0.05 were observed. The disturbance of the autonomic nervous system could be due to a variation in cardiac vagal activity resulting in a 64% decrease in the high frequencies (P < 0.05). This variation was not associated with a modification in normalized markers (LFn.u., HFn.u.) and LF/HF ratio (P > 0.05).Conclusion:In sportsmen, a hospitalization period led to an increase in resting heart rate and was associated with a disturbance of the autonomic nervous system.

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Physiological Responses to Violence Reported in the News

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.107.2.383-395 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 383-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amanda J. Ragonesi ◽

Jennifer R. Antick

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Saliva Sample ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

The Past ◽

System A ◽

Before And After ◽

Difficulty Breathing ◽

Cortisol Levels

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between watching the news and activation of the autonomic nervous system. A questionnaire was completed, and a saliva sample was collected from each of 33 participants before and after viewing a news and then a comedy clip. After exposure to the news, cortisol levels did not increase; participants reported a significant decrease in joy and an increase in restlessness. Participants reported a significant decrease in tiredness, sadness, irritation, anxiety, and restlessness, and an increase in relaxation and joy after exposure to the comedy clip. Higher rates of reported stress in the past month were associated with significantly higher rates of reported feeling cold, trembling, close to tears, sweaty palms, difficulty breathing, and restlessness. The implications of the study and directions for research are discussed.

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Features of autonomic regulation in cholelithiasis before and after cholecystectomy

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2018-12-60-64 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 60-64

Author(s):

A. D. Bagmet ◽

A. P. Ruban ◽

V. N. Egorov ◽

T. V. Tayutina

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Mathematical Analysis ◽

Sympathetic Activity ◽

Heart Rhythm ◽

Autonomic Regulation ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Before And After

It is appropriate and necessary to examine the functional state of the autonomic nervous system and the quality of life in patients with cholelithiasis using the mathematical analysis of the heart rhythm at the present-day level. Materials and methods: 136 patients (115 women and 21 men) were examined, of which 70 patients after cholecystectomy with cholelithiasis and 66 patients with cholelithiasis. Fractional chromatic minute-type duodenal intubation with an analysis of the biochemical and microscopic composition of the bile was used to assess the biliary system condition. The examination of the autonomic nervous system was carried out by determining the heart rhythm using the cardiointervalography method with further mathematical analysis of the structure and variational pulsometry. Changes in the autonomic status in patients with cholelithiasis before and after cholecystectomy differ in general patterns: adaptive possibilities decrease and sympathetic activity of the autonomic regulation increases. An increase in the lithogenicity of bile, which positively correlates with the level of sympathicotonia, is characteristic for patients with cholelithiasis before and after cholecystectomy. The autonomic regulation in patients with cholelithiasis after cholecystectomy improves, however, the high bile lithogenicity persists.

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Role of the autonomic nervous system in push-pull gravitational stress in anesthetized rats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00554.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 709-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Amy L. Hakeman ◽

Don D. Sheriff

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Anesthetized Rats ◽

Gravitational Stress ◽

Before And After ◽

Phenylephrine Infusion

Tolerance to +Gzstress is reduced by preceding exposure to −Gz (push-pull effect). The mechanism(s) responsible for this effect are not fully understood, although the arterial baroreceptor reflexes have been implicated. We investigated the integrative response of the autonomic nervous system by studying responses to gravitational stress before and after autonomic function was inhibited by hexamethonium in 10 isoflurane-anesthetized male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were restrained supine and subjected to two rotations imposed about the x-axis: 1) a control G profile consisting of rotation from 0 Gz (+1 Gy) to 90° head-up tilt (+1 Gz) for 10 s and 2) a push-pull G profile consisting of rotation from 0 Gz to 90° head-down tilt (−1 Gz) for 2 s immediately preceding 10 s of +1 Gz stress. Eight G profiles consisting of equal numbers of control and push-pull trials were imposed by using a counterbalanced design. We found that hexamethonium lowered baseline arterial pressure and abolished the push-pull effect. The lack of a push-pull effect after autonomic blockade persisted when arterial pressure was restored to baseline levels by phenylephrine infusion. Lowering baseline arterial pressure by sodium nitroprusside infusion or by hemorrhage when autonomic function was intact also abolished the push-pull effect. We conclude that intact autonomic function and a normal baseline arterial pressure are needed for expression of the push-pull effect in anesthetized rats subjected to tilting.

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THE EFFECTS OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM INHIBITION ON THE CIRCULATORY RESPONSE TO MUSCULAR EXERCISE*

Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1172/jci104656 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 41 (11) ◽

pp. 1981-1987 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Richard L. Kahler ◽

Thomas E. Gaffney ◽

Eugene Braunwald

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Muscular Exercise ◽

Circulatory Response ◽

Autonomic Nervous

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The role of the autonomic nervous system in the resting tachycardia of human hyperthyroidism

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0720239 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Benedito C. Maciel ◽

Lourenco Gallo ◽

José A. Marin Neto ◽

Léa M. Z. Maciel ◽

Maria L. D. Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Body Weight ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Intrinsic Heart Rate ◽

Before And After ◽

Pharmacological Blockade ◽

Small Change

1. The mechanisms that control resting heart rate in hyperthyroidism were evaluated in six patients before and after treatment with propylthiouracil. 2. The patients were subjected to pharmacological blockade under resting conditions in two experimental sessions: first session, propranolol (0.2 mg/kg body weight); second session, atropine (0.04 mg/kg body weight) followed by propranolol (0.2 mg/kg body weight). All drugs were administered intravenously. 3. Resting heart rate was significantly reduced from 100 ± 6.5 beats/min to 72 ± 2.5 beats/min (P < 0.005) after clinical and laboratory control of the disease. After double blockade, intrinsic heart rate was reduced from 105 ± 6.8 beats/min before treatment to 98 ± 6.0 beats/min after treatment (P < 0.025). The reduction in heart rate caused by propranolol was not significantly different before (−13 ± 1.4 beats/min) and after (−9 ± 1.0 beats/min) propylthiouracil. In contrast, atropine induced a higher elevation of heart rate after treatment (45 ± 8.6 beats/min) than before treatment (26 ± 4.0 beats/min). 4. The present results suggest no appreciable participation of the sympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system in the tachycardia of hyperthyroidism, at least under the conditions of the present study. The small change observed in intrinsic heart rate, although significant, seems to indicate that this is not the most important mechanism involved in this tachycardia. 5. Our results suggest that an important reduction in the efferent activity of the parasympathetic component participates in the mechanisms that modify resting heart rate in hyperthyroidism.

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