Allometry of cooling, supercooling, and freezing in the freeze-tolerant turtle Chrysemys picta

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. R626-R632 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Claussen ◽  
P. A. Zani
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Chrysemys Picta ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Freeze Tolerant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kinetics Of

Although several vertebrates are freeze tolerant, little is known of the relationship between body size and the kinetics of cooling and freezing. We compared these responses for six hatchling and eight adult Chrysemys picta from an Ohio population. All turtles initially recovered from freezing, and all adults, but only two hatchlings (which experienced ice contents of approximately 35%), exhibited long-term survival. Rapid thawing may have compromised hatchling survival. Turtle water content was inversely related to body mass, but we found no significant correlation between the extent of supercooling and body size. Prefreezing and postfreezing cooling rates scaled with body mass to the -0.55 and -0.40 power, respectively, but the latter rate was more than two orders of magnitude slower. Theoretical (assuming 20% bound water) and calorimetric estimates of body ice agreed reasonably well. Ice contents were both body mass and time dependent. The absolute rate of ice formation scaled with body mass to the 0.4 power. Body size strongly influences the freezing response of ectotherms and deserves more attention.

scholarly journals Intraspecific Variation in Maximum Ingested Food Size and Body Mass in Varecia rubra and Propithecus coquereli

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Hartstone-Rose ◽  
Jonathan M. G. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Scaling Relationship ◽  
Varecia Rubra ◽  
Food Size ◽  
The Relationship

In a recent study, we quantified the scaling of ingested food size (Vb )—the maximum size at which an animal consistently ingests food whole—and found that Vb scaled isometrically between species of captive strepsirrhines. The current study examines the relationship between Vb and body size within species with a focus on the frugivorous Varecia rubra and the folivorous Propithecus coquereli. We found no overlap in Vb between the species (all V. rubra ingested larger pieces of food relative to those eaten by P. coquereli), and least-squares regression of Vb and three different measures of body mass showed no scaling relationship within each species. We believe that this lack of relationship results from the relatively narrow intraspecific body size variation and seemingly patternless individual variation in Vb within species and take this study as further evidence that general scaling questions are best examined interspecifically rather than intraspecifically.

scholarly journals The relationship of the prolonged PR interval with the long-term survival in patients with heart failure undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
A. M. Soldatova ◽  
V. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
T. P. Gizatulina ◽  
L. M. Malishevsky ◽  
S. M. Dyachkov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. To assess the relationship between the prolonged PR interval (≥200 ms) and the long-term survival of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Material and methods. A total of 85 patients (mean age — 55,1Ѓ}9,9 years; men — 81,2%) with NYHA class II-IV heart failure (HF) were examined. The mean follow-up was 34,0Ѓ}21,2 months. Patients with PR<200 ms (n=52) made up group I, with PR≥200 ms (n=33) — group II. Then the patients were divided into subgroups depending on the QRS duration: ≥150 ms (n=33 in group I and n=14 in group II, respectively) <150 ms (n=19 in group I and n=19 in group II, respectively).Results. In patients of group II, a history of myocardial infarction (MI) was more often registered (p=0,005), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower (p=0,032). In a multivariate analysis, MI (OR 3,217; CI 95% 1,188-8,712; p=0,022) and LVEF value (OR 0,869; CI 95% 0,780-0,968; p=0,011) had a significant relationship with the PR interval prolongation (≥200 ms). The survival of patients of group I was 59,6%, group II — 18,2% (Log-rank test p<0,001). According to Cox regression model, the initial left ventricle end-systolic volume (OR 1,012; 95% CI 1,006-1,017; p<0,001), inferior wall MI (OR 1,690; 95% CI 1,131-2,527; p=0,011) and PR interval ≥200 ms (OR 2,179; 95% CI 1,213–3,915; p=0,009) were associated with long-term mortality. In patients with PR≥200 ms, survival rate was low, regardless of the QRS duration (21,4% in patients with QRS≥150 ms, 15,8% in patients with QRS<150 ms; Log-rank test p=0,698) In patients with PR<200 ms, the survival rate of patients with QRS≥150 ms was 72,7%, and for patients with QRS<150 ms — 36,8% (Log-rank test p=0,031).Conclusion. In HF patients, PR interval prolongation (≥200 ms) is associated with long-term mortality increase. The highest survival rates were observed in patients with PR<200 ms and QRS≥150 ms. In patients with QRS≥150 ms, the presence of PR≥200 ms should be considered as an additional criterion for CRT.

Connecting the Dots

2017 ◽  
pp. 26-41
Author(s):  
Olajumoke Ogunsanya
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
Connecting The Dots ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
The Relationship

Calls for businesses to act with concern for the environment and society create new operating scenarios in which sustainability concerns must be taken into consideration along with the primary objectives of profitability and competitiveness. These additional obligations contribute to dynamism of the marketplace and make it important for businesses to draw on creativity and innovation to find connections between the unrelated in order to establish new efficiencies that can create competitive advantage and differentiation in the environment they find themselves. The central theme of this chapter is how bisociation informs collective creativity and innovation, and influences sustainability for business organizations competing in an environment that is in a permanent state of flux. This chapter trails a series of concepts to find the relationship between the concept of bisociation, collective creativity and sustainable business practices. The aim is to show how consistent creative thinking and exploration of information in different spaces of thought can proffer innovative solutions organizations require for their long term survival and prosperity.

Impact of body mass index on short-term and long-term survival in prevalent hemodialysis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383
Author(s):  
Muhittin Ertilav ◽  
W. Nathan Levin ◽  
Aygul Celtik ◽  
Fatih Kircelli ◽  
Stefano Stuard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Relation of Body Mass Index to Long-Term Survival After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1861-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wilson Grandin ◽  
Alison Wand ◽  
Payman Zamani ◽  
J. Eduardo Rame ◽  
Ralph J. Verdino
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Resynchronization Therapy ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival
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