Surfactant composition and function in lungs of air-breathing fishes

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. R1309-R1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Smits ◽  
S. Orgeig ◽  
C. B. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Lung Lavage ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Open Design ◽  
Elevated Cholesterol ◽  
Surfactant Composition ◽  
And Function

Examination of lung washings from primitive air-breathing fishes (ropefish, bichirs, and gar) revealed a lipid-based surfactant with an average disaturated phospholipid-to-total phospholipid ratio five times lower than in mammals. The lung lavage of fishes was exceptionally rich in cholesterol, resulting in average cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratios three times higher, and cholesterol-to-disaturated phospholipid ratios nearly 15 times higher, than those of mammals. Removal of lung surfactant doubled the pressures necessary to initially open the anterior regions of collapsed lungs in all three fish species but had little or no effect on pressures required to fill the lung (i.e., compliance) after the initial opening. The elevated cholesterol content found in pulmonary surfactant of these fishes is consistent with such findings in other ectotherms, suggesting that the proportional elevation of cholesterol may serve to stabilize the fluidity of the lung surfactant over broader temperature ranges. The influence of surfactant on lung opening pressures rather than on compliance contrasts with that seen in mammals and supports an "antiglue" role of pulmonary surfactant in the simpler open-design lungs of lower vertebrates.

scholarly journals The effect of alterations in activity and body temperature on the pulmonary surfactant system in the lesser long-eared bat Nyctophilus geoffroyi

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (16) ◽  
pp. 2429-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Slocombe ◽  
J.R. Codd ◽  
P.G. Wood ◽  
S. Orgeig ◽  
C.B. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Surfactant System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Two Peaks

Pulmonary surfactant is a mixture of phospholipids, neutral lipids and proteins that controls the surface tension of the fluid lining the lung. It is critical for lung stability and function. The amount and composition of surfactant are influenced by physiological variables such as metabolic rate, body temperature and ventilation. We investigated the plasticity of the pulmonary surfactant system in the microchiropteran bat Nyctophilus geoffroyi throughout a natural 24 h cycle. Bats were housed at 24 degrees C on a fixed (8 h:16 h) light:dark photoperiod. At 4 h intervals throughout the 24 h period, bats were lavaged and the surfactant analysed for absolute and relative amounts of total phospholipid (PL), disaturated phospholipid (DSP) and cholesterol (Chol). N. geoffroyi experienced two peaks of activity, at 18:00 h and 06:00 h. The amount of surfactant increased 1.5-fold upon arousal from torpor. The proportion of DSP to PL in the surfactant remained constant. Similarly, the Chol/PL and Chol/DSP ratios remained relatively constant. Surfactant cholesterol content did not increase during torpor in N. geoffroyi. Cholesterol does not appear to control surfactant fluidity during torpor in these bats, but instead the cholesterol content exactly mirrored the diurnal changes in body temperature.

scholarly journals Effect of triiodothyronine augmentation on rat lung surfactant phospholipids during sepsis

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 2020-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Ksenzenko ◽  
Scott B. Davidson ◽  
Amer A. Saba ◽  
Alexander P. Franko ◽  
Aml M. Raafat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Surfactant Phospholipids ◽  
Surfactant Composition ◽  
And Function

Ksenzenko, Sergey M., Scott B. Davidson, Amer A. Saba, Alexander P. Franko, Aml M. Raafat, Lawrence N. Diebel, and Scott A. Dulchavsky. Effect of triiodothyronine augmentation on rat lung surfactant phospholipids during sepsis. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6): 2020–2027, 1997.—Surfactant functional effectiveness is dependent on phospholipid compositional integrity; sepsis decreases this through an undefined mechanism. Sepsis-induced hypothyroidism is commensurate and may be related. This study examines the effect of 3,3′,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) supplementation on surfactant composition and function during sepsis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham laparotomy (Sham) or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with or without T3supplementation [CLP/T3 (3 ng/h)]. After 6, 12, or 24 h, surfactant was obtained by lavage. Function was assessed by a pulsating bubble surfactometer and in vivo compliance studies. Sepsis produced a decrease in surfactant phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, with an increase in lesser surface-active lipids phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol. Phosphatidylcholine content was not significantly changed. Sepsis caused an alteration in the fatty acid composition and an increase in saturation in most phospholipids. Hormonal replacement attenuated these changes. Lung compliance and surfactant adsorption were reduced by sepsis and maintained by T3treatment. Thyroid hormone may have an active role in lung functional preservation through maintenance of surfactant homeostasis during sepsis.

Effects of Eicosapentaenoic and γ-Linolenic Acids (Dietary Lipids) on Pulmonary Surfactant Composition and Function During Porcine Endotoxemia

CHEST Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 1720-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Murray ◽  
Ghassan Kanazi ◽  
Kamal Moukabary ◽  
Henry D. Tazelaar ◽  
Stephen J. DeMichele
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Surfactant Composition ◽  
And Function

Effect of Prone Position on Lung Surfactant Composition and Function in Multiple Trauma Patients with Respiratory Dysfunction*

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Aufmkolk ◽  
Gregor Voggenreiter ◽  
Taila Mattern ◽  
Claudia Bele R�tten ◽  
Hardy Kewitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Trauma ◽  
Prone Position ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Surfactant Composition ◽  
Multiple Trauma Patients ◽  
And Function

Alterations in pulmonary surfactant after rapid arousal from torpor in the marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1959-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Lopatko ◽  
Sandra Orgeig ◽  
David Palmer ◽  
Samuel Schürch ◽  
Christopher B. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Minimal Surface ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Surfactant Lipid ◽  
Surfactant Composition

Torpor in the dunnart, Sminthopsis crassicaudata, alters surfactant lipid composition and surface activity. Here we investigated changes in surfactant composition and surface activity over 1 h after rapid arousal from torpor (15–30°C at 1°C/min). We measured total phospholipid (PL), disaturated PL (DSP), and cholesterol (Chol) content of surfactant lavage and surface activity (measured at both 15 and 37°C in the captive bubble surfactometer). Immediately after arousal, Chol decreased (from 4.1 ± 0.05 to 2.8 ± 0.3 mg/g dry lung) and reached warm-active levels by 60 min after arousal. The Chol/DSP and Chol/PL ratios both decreased to warm-active levels 5 min after arousal because PL, DSP, and the DSP/PL ratio remained elevated over the 60 min after arousal. Minimal surface tension and film compressibility at 17 mN/m at 37°C both decreased 5 min after arousal, correlating with rapid changes in surfactant Chol. Therefore, changes in lipids matched changes in surface activity during the postarousal period.

The Effect of Oxidized Cholesterol on the Aorta of Rabbits- Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
S. K. Pena ◽  
C. B. Taylor ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
J. Safarik
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Oxidized Cholesterol ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Membrane Structure And Function ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Oxidized cholesterol derivatives have been demonstrated in various cell cultures to be very potent inhibitors of 3-hvdroxy-3- methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase which is a principle regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis in the cell. The cholesterol content in the cells exposed to oxidized cholesterol was found to be markedly decreased. In aortic smooth muscle cells, the potency of this effect was closely related to the cytotoxicity of each derivative. Furthermore, due to the similarity of their molecular structure to that of cholesterol, these oxidized cholesterol derivatives might insert themselves into the cell membrane, alter membrane structure and function and eventually cause cell death. Arterial injury has been shown to be the initial event of atherosclerosis.

Pulmonary surfactant: phase behavior and function

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Piknova ◽  
Vincent Schram ◽  
StephenB Hall
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Surfactant Phase ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Surfactant Composition and Function in a Primate Model of Infant Chronic Lung Disease: Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L Ballard ◽  
Linda W Gonzales ◽  
Rodolfo I Godinez ◽  
Marye H Godinez ◽  
Rashmin C Savani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Inhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Surfactant Composition ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Simulated Breathing: Application of Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Pulmonary Lung Surfactant

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Dziura ◽  
Basel Mansour ◽  
Mitchell DiPasquale ◽  
P. Charukeshi Chandrasekera ◽  
James W. Gauld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Total Composition ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

In this review, we delve into the topic of the pulmonary surfactant (PS) system, which is present in the respiratory system. The total composition of the PS has been presented and explored, from the types of cells involved in its synthesis and secretion, down to the specific building blocks used, such as the various lipid and protein components. The lipid and protein composition varies across species and between individuals, but ultimately produces a PS monolayer with the same role. As such, the composition has been investigated for the ways in which it imposes function and confers peculiar biophysical characteristics to the system as a whole. Moreover, a couple of theories/models that are associated with the functions of PS have been addressed. Finally, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of pulmonary surfactant have been emphasized to not only showcase various group’s findings, but also to demonstrate the validity and importance that MD simulations can have in future research exploring the PS monolayer system.

ACCELERATED PULMONARY SURFACTANT AFTER INTRAUTERINE INFECTION IN THE FETAL RABBIT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-659
Author(s):  
Robert V. Kotas
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Rabbit Fetuses ◽  
Pressure Stability

Intrauterine inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus into 24-day rabbit fetuses resulted in changes in lung maturation at 27 days comparable to those seen after glucocorticoid injection. The lungs of infected litters had increased low pressure stability and distensibility with decreased surface tension upon compression, and resembled 29- to 30-day control lungs. Although intrauterine infection is found to be harmful to the fetus, it may have a secondary effect of preparing a fetus for premature air breathing.

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