Adrenal cortex: scalpels, syringes, and separatory funnels

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. E815-E817
Author(s):  
Susan F. Akana
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Classic Papers

This essay looks at the historical significance of three APS classic papers that are freely available online: Houssay BA and Lewis JT. The relative importance to life of cortex and medulla of the adrenal glands. Am J Physiol 64: 512—521, 1923 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/64/3/512 ). Marine D and Baumann EJ. Duration of life after suprarenalectomy in cats and attempts to prolong it by injections of solutions containing sodium salts, glucose and glycerol. Am J Physiol 81: 86—100, 1927 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/81/1/86 ). Swingle WW and Pfiffner JJ. Studies on the adrenal cortex. I. The effect of a lipid fraction upon the life-span of adrenalectomized cats. Am J Physiol 96: 153—163, 1931 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/96/1/153 ).

Estimation of dose-response curves and identification of peaks in hormone pulsations: classic marriages of statistics to science

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. E363-E365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Curran-Everett
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Radioligand Assay ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Dose Response Curves ◽  
Physiological Dose ◽  
Classic Papers

This essay examines the historical significance of two APS classic papers that are freely available online: De Léan A, Munson PJ, and Rodbard D. Simultaneous analysis of families of sigmoidal curves: application to bioassay, radioligand assay, and physiological dose-response curves. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Gastrointest Physiol 235: E97–E102, 1978 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/235/2/E97 ). Merriam GR and Wachter KW.Algorithms for the study of episodic hormone secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 243: E310–E318, 1982 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/243/4/E310 ).

THE ADRENAL CORTEX, STEROIDS, AND HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-646
Author(s):  
John W. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
Issue Reports ◽  
Number Of Cells

The paper by Naeye, et al.,1 in this issue reports a very interesting relation between adrenal gland size and the presence of hyaline membrane disease in newborn infants. Those infants with hyaline membrane disease had smaller adrenal glands than weight matched control infants, due to a decreased number of cells in both the permanent and fetal zones of the adrenal cortex. More direct evidence of possible relation between adrenal cortical size and the capacity of the lung to produce surfactant is brought out by their finding of a correlation between adrenal cortical size in anencephalic infants and the osmiophilic granule content of so-called type II alveolar lining cells.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE LIVER: EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY, ADRENALECTOMY, AND ADMINISTRATIONOF ACTH ON THE INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHATE INTO RNA NUCLEOTIDES

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Logan ◽  
F. C. Heagy ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

The specific activity of the liver RNA nucleotide phosphorus, relative to the specific activity of the liver inorganic phosphate, was determined in the rat, 16 hr. after an intraperitoneal injection of radioactive inorganic phosphate. The nucleotides were isolated by ionophoresis on paper strips.Hypophysectomy caused a decrease in the relative specific activity of each of the four RNA nucleotides. The administration of ACTH caused an increase in the incorporation of P32 into each of the RNA nucleotides of the liver of hypophysectomized animals, but it caused a small and statistically significant decrease in normal animals. Adrenalectomy, either in normal or in hypophysectomized rats, did not affect the P32 incorporation, nor did the administration of ACTH in the absence of the adrenal glands.It is concluded that ACTH can affect the incorporation of P32 into the RNA of the liver and that this effect is due to the action of the hormone on the adrenal cortex. However, other factors also must be operative, since removal of the adrenal glands does not cause the decrease in the P32 incorporation observed after removal of the pituitary.

Roger Sperry: pioneer of neuronal specificity

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2827-2829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice Grafstein
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Optic Nerves ◽  
Optic Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Neuronal Specificity ◽  
Classic Papers

This essay looks at the historical significance of two APS classic papers that are freely available online: Sperry RW. Optic nerve regeneration with return of vision in anurans. J Neurophysiol 7: 57–69, 1944 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/7/1/57 ). Sperry RW. Restoration of vision after crossing of optic nerves and after contralateral transplantation of eye. J Neurophysiol 8: 15–28, 1945 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/8/1/15 ).

Factors Influencing Diuresis in Rats Following Total-Body X-Irradiation

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Irene Pentz ◽  
Robert J. Hasterlik
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Cortical Control ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Diuretic Response ◽  
Total Body

An immediate diuresis has been observed in rats exposed to total-body x-irradiation ranging between 100 and 400 r. Since the highest dosage produced more consistent results, it was used in conjunction with extirpation of various glands and other organs in an effort to determine the mechanism that responds so promptly to x-irradiation. The anterior pituitary and the adrenal cortex are of prime importance in this reaction. Removal of the anterior lobe of the pituitary or removal of the adrenal glands is sufficient to completely inhibit diuresis following 400 r x-irradiation. This diuretic response is not dependent upon the presence of the posterior pituitary since animals having only this gland removed became diuretic following exposure to 400 r. The evidence suggests that the release of antidiuretic substances from tissues other than the posterior pituitary is under anterior pituitary-adrenal cortical control.

“IN VIVO” AND “IN VITRO” EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID AND ACTH ON THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
A. DesMarais ◽  
J. Leblanc
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Histochemical Examination

Histochemical examination of adrenal glands of hypophysectomized rats given both ascorbic acid and ACTH showed an enlargement of the cortex and a decrease of sudanophilic substances, as compared to adrenals of hypophysectomized rats receiving ACTH alone. “In vitro” experiments on incubated slices of adrenal glands have shown that ascorbic acid and ACTH have a synergistic effect on the secretory activity of the cells of the adrenal cortex.

What do dendrites and their synapses tell the neuron?

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 1295-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idan Segev
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Dendritic Spine ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Synaptic Interactions ◽  
Dendritic Location ◽  
Monosynaptic Epsp ◽  
Classic Papers

This essay looks at the historical significance of four APS classic papers that are freely available online: Rall W. Distinguishing theoretical synaptic potentials computed for different soma-dendritic distributions of synaptic input. J Neurophysiol 30: 1138–1168, 1967 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/30/5/1138 ). Rall W, Burke RE, Smith TG, Nelson PG, and Frank K. Dendritic location of synapses and possible mechanisms for the monosynaptic EPSP in motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 30: 1169–1193, 1967 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/30/5/1169 ). Rall W and Shepherd GM. Theoretical reconstruction of field potentials and dendrodendritic synaptic interactions in olfactory bulb. J Neurophysiol 31: 884–915, 1968 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/31/6/884 ). Segev I and Rall W. Computational study of an excitable dendritic spine. J Neurophysiol 60: 499–523, 1988 ( http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/60/2/499 ).

STUDIES ON THE TIME COURSE OF THE RESPONSE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX TO HISTAMINE AND COLD

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schönbaum ◽  
W. G. Bruce Casselman ◽  
Rosemary E. Large
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Transient Elevation

Rats were injected with histamine or exposed to cold. In either case there was a transient elevation in the output of corticosteroids by the excised adrenal glands in vitro but a prolonged fall in adrenal ascorbic acid. The return of steroid formation to pre-exposure or even lower rates within three hours was not accompanied by any further change of the concentration of adrenal ascorbic acid.

Electrical responses in cat adrenal cortex: possible relation to aldosterone secretion.

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (2) ◽  
pp. E158 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Natke ◽  
E Kabela
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Membrane Depolarization ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Membrane Potentials ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Stimulus Secretion Coupling

The effects of secretagogues for aldosterone release were studied on the membrane potential of cells in the adrenal cortex of the cat. Adrenal glands were excised, sliced, and continuously superfused. Membrane potentials were recorded from both zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata-reticularis. Secretagogues, angiotensin II (1 microgram/ml) and 20 mM KCl, were found to depolarize cells rapidly. Ouabain (10(-5) M) also depolarized the membrane potential although the response was sluggish. Samples of the superfusate were collected and analyzed by radioimmunoassay for their aldosterone and cortisol content. Depolarizing concentrations of angiotensin II, KCl, and ouabain seemed to increase aldosterone release. Cortisol output was more variable. Saralasin blocked the effects of angiotensin II on the membrane potential. These experiments suggest that membrane depolarization plays a role in the stimulus-secretion coupling of mineral corticoids.

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