Acetylcholine: its significance in controlling ciliary activity of human respiratory epithelium in vitro

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter Corssen ◽  
C. R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Atropine Sulfate ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Sulfate Solutions ◽  
Ciliary Motion ◽  
Depressant Action ◽  
Acetylcholine Chloride ◽  
Rotatory Motion

Explants of human respiratory ciliated epithelium cultured in a plasma clot tend to round up and to form rotating globes which can be employed in perfusion chambers for the study of the effect of various chemicals on ciliary activity. Perfusion of acetylcholine chloride solutions at 0.1–1.0% concentration invariably increased rotatory movement of the cell cluster. Bathing the epithelial explant in 0.05–0.1% eserine salicylate solutions, prior to the perfusion with acetylcholine chloride, markedly enhanced the acetylcholine effect on ciliary activity. Perfusion of atropine sulfate solutions at concentrations of 0.1% and stronger resulted in a short-lasting stimulatory effect, followed by progressive reduction of rotatory motion. The depressant action of atropine sulfate was counteracted by acetylcholine chloride at 0.5% concentration. The behavior of the various substances investigated appears to be consistent with the assumption that acetylcholine plays the key role in initiating and maintaining the contractile mechanism of ciliary motion. Submitted on April 6, 1959

The Effects of Sinus Bacteria on Human Ciliated Nasal Epithelium in Vitro

1988 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Ferguson ◽  
Thomas V. McCaffrey ◽  
Eugene B. Kern ◽  
William J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Nasal Epithelium ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Ciliary Motion ◽  
Cell Free Filtrate

The mechanisms by which bacteria colonize and damage ciliated epithelium are important in understanding the pathophysiology of rhinitis, sinusitis, and otitis. Bacteria that have the ability to impair mucociliary clearance would be at an advantage in establishing infection of ciliated surfaces. This study investigates the effect of Hemophilus Influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Brahmanella catarralis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis on the ciliary activity of normal ciliated nasal epithelium in human beings. Ciliary activity of the nasal epithelium in the presence of each pathogen was assessed for more than 240 minutes with a photometric method of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) measurement. H. influenzae exerted significant effects on ciliary activity, with a 46% decrease in the CBF by 4 hours (with bacteria-containing broth) and a 32% decrease with bacteria-free filtrate. S. epidermidis decreased CBF by 44% with the bacterial broth. A sterile cell-free filtrate had no significant effect. S. pneumoniae and B. catarralis had no significant effect on CBF within a 240-minute period. H. influenzae and S. epidermidis disrupted normal synchronous ciliary motion, causing adjacent cilia to beat at different rates.

Physiological and hypertonic saline solutions impair ciliary activity in vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-332
Author(s):  
W.M. Boek ◽  
N. Keles ◽  
K. Graamans ◽  
E.H. Huizing
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Saline Solutions

Human Platelet Acetylcholinesterase: The Effects of Anticholinesterases on Platelet Function

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1615-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Smith ◽  
Boyd Braem ◽  
Kent D Davis
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Aggregation Factor

SummaryPlatelet acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in gel-filtered platelet preparations. Three different anticholinesteratic agents (eserine, neostigmine, and diiso- propylphosphorofluoridate) at final concentrations of 10 μM caused complete inhibition of AChE activity after 30 min incubation at room temperature with either platelet-rich plasma or gel-filtered platelets. Complete inhibition of platelet AChE had no effect on platelet aggregation, factor-3 availability, and plasma clot retraction. We conclude that platelet membrane AChE activity is not required for normal platelet function as measured by these in vitro parameters.

Studies on Metabolism of Urokinase and Mechanism of Thrombolysis by Urokinase

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (03) ◽  
pp. 885-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Ueno ◽  
Norio Kobayashi ◽  
Tadashi Maekawa
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Optimal Dosage Regimen ◽  
Arterial Thrombus ◽  
Contact Experiment

SummaryPharmacokinetics of intravenously injected 125I-labeled urokinase (125I-UK) of a molecular weight of 33,000 daltons in normal rabbits and patients with various diseases were investigated. The plasma clearance of 125I-UK in rabbits was described by a biexponential curve within six hours with a half-life of 8 minutes, 2.3 hours, respectively. The radioactivity in the liver and kidneys 15 minutes after iv injection with 125I-UK was 9.6% and 14.0% of the radioactivity injected, respectively. Approximately 80% of the total radioactive material injected was excreted in the urine in 18 hours. No increase in activator activity in the urine was observed after a large amount of UK injection. Activity uptake of 125I-UK by experimentally induced arterial thrombus was little. Lysis of the stasis thrombus was produced by injecting 7.5 × 104 IU of UK in only one out of 8 rabbits. In vitro contact experiment revealed that transfer of 125I-UK to plasma clot is slow (24 hours for 10% of 125I-UK by plasma clot). In 4 patients plasma clearance of 125I-UK was essentially similar to that in rabbits. From the results obtained optimal dosage regimen of UK administration for complete thrombolysis in vivo was discussed.

Effects of tobacco smoke compounds on the ciliary activity of the embryo chicken trachea in vitro

Toxicology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertil Petersson ◽  
Margareta Curvall ◽  
Curt R. Enzell
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Ciliary Activity

Effect of Amiloride on Human Bronchial Ciliary Activity in vitro

Respiration ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Di Benedetto ◽  
M.T. Lopez-Vidriero ◽  
L. Carratù ◽  
S.W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Ciliary Activity

Studies on motility in vitro of an ectoparasitic monogenean, Diclidophora merlangi

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Maule ◽  
D. W. Halton ◽  
J. M. Allen ◽  
I. Fairweather
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Excitatory Responses ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Water Turbulence

SummaryAn isometric transducer system has been used to record spontaneous motor activity in Diclidophora merlangi in vitro. Motility took the form of either continuous irregular contractions or bursts of activity with intermittent quiescent periods. Maximal activity was recorded from specimens at 5–8 °C in artificial sea water (ASW). Decerebration induced a period of enhanced motility which subsided within 1 h. Water turbulence elicited large, rapid contractions of the longitudinal body musculature which did not habituate or fatigue. Induced water turbulence at frequencies higher than 3/min inhibited spontaneous movements, resulting in a progressive reduction in contraction amplitude and, eventually (30/min), the abolition of any response to water movement. The neurotoxin tetrodotoxin failed to modify worm activity. Excitatory responses from both intact worms and strip preparations were obtained with 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and noradrenaline, but aminergic antagonists failed to block their effects. Atropine stimulated contractility, whereas the effects of acetylcholine or carbachol were inconsistent. Nicotine increased muscle tone but the effect was unaltered by atropine, mecamylamine or d–tubocurarine. Muscarine, hemicholinium, neostigmine and eserine were without apparent effect.

Studies on the functional activity of organotypically cultured mouse ovary

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
T. N. Chapekar ◽  
G. V. Nayak ◽  
Kamal J. Ranadive
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Term Maintenance

Short-term maintenance of mouse and rat ovary in organotypic culture system is no longer a problem (Martinovitch, 1938; Gaillard, 1953; Trowell, 1959). Gaillard (1953) cultivated ovaries from 7- to 8-day-old and 21-day-old mice for a week on the plasma clot. Trowell (1959) maintained ovaries of 8-day-old mice on a synthetic medium in an O2-CO2 atmosphere for 9 days. He observed no histological differentiation in the tissues of the ovary. What needs confirmation and further investigation is the possibility of maintenance of functional activity of the ovary under culture conditions. A study was therefore undertaken to investigate if an ovary, cultivated in vitro for some time, shows hormonal activity when transplanted in vivo. In the present work cultured ovaries were grafted in the anterior eye-chamber of spayed female mice and the development of secondary sex organs such as mammary glands and uterus was studied.

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