Influence of plant growth regulators and salicylic acid on the production of some secondary metabolites in callus and cell suspension culture of Satureja sahendica Bornm.

<p class="042abstractstekst">The impact of combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus culture of <em>Satureja sahendica </em>Bornm. was investigated. In nodal explants, the response of secondary metabolite production to different concentrations of PGRs was analyzed regarding the presence and absence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The explants were cultured on MS media in presence of auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid) and cytokinins (thidiazuron and kinetin); which were used in equal concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg l^-1. The treatment of 2 mg l^-1 2,4-D + 2 mg l^-1Kin (MD3) led to the highest production of total phenolics (4.303 ± 0.449 mg GAE g^-1) and flavonoids (24.903 ± 7.016 mg QE g^-1). Moreover, the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on the production of secondary metabolites in cell suspension culture of <em>Satureja sahendica</em> was evaluated. The cell suspension culture was established by culturing the nodal-derived friable callus in the liquid medium containing different concentrations of SA (0, 100, 150, 200 µM). An inverse relationship exists between the fresh mass and secondary metabolites contents. In addition, there was a significant difference among concentrations of SA in the production of total phenolics and flavonoid compounds. SA enhances secondary metabolites production and decreases cell fresh mass.</p>

Engineering Considerations to Produce Bioactive Compounds from Plant Cell Suspension Culture in Bioreactors

The large-scale production of plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM) in bioreactors to meet the increasing demand for bioactive compounds for the treatment and prevention of degenerative diseases is nowadays considered an engineering challenge due to the large number of operational factors that need to be considered during their design and scale-up. The plant cell suspension culture (CSC) has presented numerous benefits over other technologies, such as the conventional whole-plant extraction, not only for avoiding the overexploitation of plant species, but also for achieving better yields and having excellent scaling-up attributes. The selection of the bioreactor configuration depends on intrinsic cell culture properties and engineering considerations related to the effect of operating conditions on thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena, which together are essential for accomplishing the large-scale production of PDSM. To this end, this review, firstly, provides a comprehensive appraisement of PDSM, essentially those with demonstrated importance and utilization in pharmaceutical industries. Then, special attention is given to PDSM obtained out of CSC. Finally, engineering aspects related to the bioreactor configuration for CSC stating the effect of the operating conditions on kinetics and transport phenomena and, hence, on the cell viability and production of PDSM are presented accordingly. The engineering analysis of the reviewed bioreactor configurations for CSC will pave the way for future research focused on their scaling up, to produce high value-added PDSM.

Extraction, Identification And Determination of Antiviral And Anticancer Flavonoids By HPLC-DAD In Cell Suspension Culture of Melia Azedarach L.

Melia azedarach L. from the Meliaceae, contains a wide range of secondary metabolites used as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and anticancer in traditional medicinal. In the present study, the effect of PGRs and explant type on callus induction and cell suspension culture establishment and growth were investigated. We investigated the biochemical properties, and production and accumulation of secondary metabolites such as rutin, quercetin and kaempferol in M. azedarach L. cell cultures. The results showed that the inflorescence and petiole explants had a high percentage of callus induction compared to the leaf explants, but the highest callus growth were observed in leaf explants in MS+3 mg/L NAA+5 mg/L BAP/3 mg/L Kin and 5 mg/L 2,4-D+5 mg/L Kin (6.307, 5.152 and 3.977 g/explant, respectively). The establishment and growth of cell cultures were significantly influenced by PGRs combination and explant type. The highest cell growth were obtained from the leaf and inflorescence callus transferred into the liquid MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D+1 mg/L Kin (8.489 g/50 mL suspension) and 1 mg/L 2,4-D+1 mg/L BAP (6.852 g/50 mL suspension), respectively. HPLC analysis showed that the cell cultures derived from inflorescence callus in MS+3 mg/L NAA+1 mg/L BAP showed the highest of rutin (47.536 mg/g FW). However, the highest amount of quercetin (8.570 mg/g FW) and kaempferol (5.420 mg/g FW) were obtained from the petiole cell cultures in the MS+1 mg/L 2,4-D+1 mg/L Kin.

A Study On The Effect of Different Elicitors On Capsaicin Accumulation in Cell Suspension Cultures of Capsicum Assamicum (Bhut Jolokia)

Elicitation of cell suspension cultures of Capsicum assamicum (Bhut Jolokia) for enhancement of capsaicin content was tried using different elicitors such as cellulase, vanillin, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and sinapic acid in different concentrations for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell suspension culture was established in B5 media supplemented with 3.5 mM 2,4-D (2,4-diphenoxyacetic acid) and 1.1 mM Kin and elicitors were introduced at the end of exponential phase. All the elicitors, except methyl jasmonate, led to significant increase in production of capsaicin. Sinapic acid, when added in 22 µM concentration and incubated for 24 hours, led to highest capsaicin accumulation of 0.5% (5068 µg/g) which was highest among all the treatments.