Determination of alveolar capillary temperature

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. T. Edwards ◽  
T. Velasquez ◽  
L. E. Farhi
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood ◽  
Solubility Ratio ◽  
Capillary Temperature

Since the alveolar temperature influences the solubility of most inert gases in pulmonary capillary blood, knowledge of the solubility in arterial blood may be used to determine the equilibration temperature, i.e., alveolar temperature. Because the partial pressure of inert gas in arterial blood cannot be deduced from the alveolar pressure, direct determination of solubility is impractical. However, if a mixture of two inert gases is used, the ratio of partial pressures in the arterial blood is equal to that in the inspired gas and the ratio of gas contents will vary with the ratio of solubility. The blood solubility ratio He/A varies by 1.34% per degree centigrade. Using an O2-He-A inspired mixture, the following points were established in five resting subjects, fully clothed. 1) The pulmonary capillary temperature (Tpc) is linearly related to the rectal temperature (Tr), with a regression line equation: Tpc = 37.5 + 2.4 (Tr – 37.1). 2) When measurements were obtained on the same subject in different days, these measurements show that variations in Tpc are in the same direction as changes in Tr, but much more pronounced. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of M. Passke) Submitted on July 24, 1962

Gas Exchange

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Kreit
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood ◽  
And Diffusion

Gas Exchange explains how four processes—delivery of oxygen, excretion of carbon dioxide, matching of ventilation and perfusion, and diffusion—allow the respiratory system to maintain normal partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the arterial blood. Partial pressure is important because O2 and CO2 molecules diffuse between alveolar gas and pulmonary capillary blood and between systemic capillary blood and the tissues along their partial pressure gradients, and diffusion continues until the partial pressures are equal. Ventilation is an essential part of gas exchange because it delivers O2, eliminates CO2, and determines ventilation–perfusion ratios. This chapter also explains how and why abnormalities in each of these processes may reduce PaO2, increase PaCO2, or both.

Intrapulmonary exchange of the stable isotope 18O2 injected intravenously in man

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Lassen ◽  
H. W. Fritts ◽  
P. R. B. Caldwell ◽  
C. Giuntini ◽  
W. Dansgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood ◽  
Inspired Oxygen ◽  
Central Circulation ◽  
Normal Lungs

The stable isotope 18O2 was used to study the exchange of oxygen molecules between pulmonary capillary blood and alveolar gas in 16 patients with either normal lungs or limited lung disease. The technique entailed combining gaseous 18O2 with blood, then mixing the blood anaerobically with saline containing T-1824 dye and 85Kr in solution. After the combination of tracers had been injected into a vein, arterial blood was collected during the first passage of the indicators through the central circulation. Recoveries of the tracer gases were expressed as percentages of the amounts that would have been found had no loss from the blood stream occurred. The recoveries of 18O2 were related to the oxygen concentration in the inspired gas, and averaged 55, 40, and 11% at inspired concentrations of 14, 21, and 65%, respectively. The recovery of 85Kr was about 2%, and was independent of the inspired oxygen concentration. These results were compared to those predicted in a theoretical model, and found to agree satisfactorily intrapulmonary gas exchange; intrapulmonary oxygen exchange Submitted on October 2, 1964

scholarly journals Determination of the Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow in Man

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIO RIGATTO ◽  
GERARD M. RIGATTO ◽  
ALFRED P. FISHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood

Rate of uptake of CO by hemoglobin in pig erythrocytes as a function of P O 2

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1544-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis C. A. M. Te Nijenhuis ◽  
Lydia Lin ◽  
Gerko H. Moens ◽  
Adrian Versprille ◽  
Robert E. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Capillary Blood Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume ◽  
The Individual

Te Nijenhuis, Francis C. A. M., Lydia Lin, Gerko H. Moens, Adrian Versprille, and Robert E. Forster. Rate of uptake of CO by hemoglobin in pig erythrocytes as a function of[Formula: see text]. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1544–1549, 1996.—This study was initiated to obtain data on the rate of carbon monoxide (CO) uptake (ΘCO) by hemoglobin in pig erythrocytes to derive, in a later study, the pulmonary capillary blood volume (Qc) in pigs from the Roughton-Forster relationship. Blood from five different female pigs was used. The ΘCO, the milliliters of CO taken up by 1 ml of whole blood per minute per Torr CO tension, was determined on each blood sample with a continuous-flow rapid-mixing apparatus and double-beam spectrophotometry at 37°C and pH 7.4 at four or five different [Formula: see text] values. Because the individual regression lines of ΘCO vs.[Formula: see text] were not significantly different, a common regression equation was calculated: 1/ΘCO = 0.0084[Formula: see text] + 0.63. The slope of this regression line is significantly steeper than the reported slopes of the regression lines for human and dog erythrocytes measured under the same conditions. Our results revealed that calculation of Qc in pigs by using ΘCO values for human or dog erythrocytes would result in an underestimation of 51 and 50%, respectively.

Alveolar capillary temperature compared with aortic and bronchial wedge temperatures

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. T. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Capillary Temperature ◽  
Alveolar Capillary

Temperature for gas exchange in the alveolar capillaries was determined by the helium-argon method in nine dogs over a range of body temperatures from 37–42 C. The experiments were much more prolonged than those previously carried out in man. Results were compared with simultaneous measurements in the aortic arch, right ventricle, gastrointestinal tract, and bronchial tree. There was no significant difference between alveolar capillary temperatures and those in the right and left heart and bronchial wedge position, even when body temperature was changing. Deep rectal temperatures gave a reasonable estimate of alveolar temperature provided the body temperature was steady, but esophageal and gastric measurements were not reliable, the reading increasing as the stomach was approached. The results support the validity of the helium-argon method and indicate that accurate estimates of alveolar capillary temperature may be obtained by direct measurements in the central circulation or bronchial wedge position. Note: With the Technical Assistance of Judith Laurie alveolar gas exchange; intravascular temperatures; inert gases; solubility of gases; esophageal temperature; gastric temperature Submitted on December 16, 1963

Automated Reaction-Rate Method for the Direct Determination of Total Serum Cholesterol by Use of the "CentrifiChem" Parallel Fast Analyzer

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 937-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Slickers ◽  
L Edwards ◽  
J Daly ◽  
G Ertingshausen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Reference Serum ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
High Bilirubin

Abstract The direct procedure for determining serum cholesterol described by Wybenga et al. [Clin. Chem. 16, 980 (1970)] can be used to assay 29 samples in 10-min reaction time by using the "CentrifiChem" parallel fast analyzer (Union Carbide). Commercial reference serum was used for standardization. Correlation of results with those obtained by the method of Abell et al. [J. Biol. Chem. 195, 357 (1952)] for 54 samples yielded a regression line with a slope (m) of 0.897 and a y-intercept (b) of 231 mg/liter; the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.971. Compared with the manual procedure of Parekh and Jung [Anal. Chem. 42, 1423 (1970)] for 146 samples, the corresponding values were m = 0.991, b = 27 mg/ liter, and r = 0.981. Compared to serum extracts assayed with the "AutoAnalyzer" (Standard Technicon Methodology N-24a), 186 samples gave corresponding values of m = 0.990, b = 92 mg/ liter, and r = 0.979. No bias significant at the 95% confidence level existed versus any of the three methods. Sera containing abnormally high bilirubin concentrations (>50 mg/liter) or abnormally high triglyceride content (>5,000 mg/liter) did not give significantly different cholesterol values on the CentrifiChem as compared with values obtained with either the AutoAnalyzer or the Parekh and Jung method.

Fluorometric determination of erythrocyte protoporphyrin in blood, a comparison between direct (hematofluorometric) and indirect (extraction) methods.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1515-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Peter ◽  
G Growcock ◽  
G Strunc
Keyword(s):  
Free Acid ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Zinc Salt ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods

Abstract We measured the concentration of erythrocyte protoporphyrin in 43 blood samples by two fluorometric methods. In the indirect method, protoporphyrin was extracted from blood and the fluorescence of the free acid in the extract was determined with a filter-fluorometer. These results were compared with results of direct determination of protoporphyrin in the same samples. In the direct assay the fluorescence of protoporphyrin, present in blood as the zinc salt, was measured without extraction, with the use of a hematofluorometer. Comparison of the results of the direct and indirect methods showed an excellent correlation (r = 0.986), but the hematofluorometric values (y) were approximately 9% lower than the fluorometric values (y = 0.911x). The slope of the regression line (0.911) is likely to be different for each hematofluorometer-fluorometer combination. Therefore, hematofluorometric values can only be compared with fluorometric values if the slope of the regression line is known and is used as a correction factor.

Determination of Pulmonary Tissue volume, Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow and Diffusing Capacity of the Lung before and after Hemodialysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Morrison ◽  
A.F. Wilson ◽  
N.D. Vaziri ◽  
L. Brunsting ◽  
J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue Volume

In order to better understand changes in lung function before and after dialysis, we studied eight patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Pulmonary tissue volume (Vt), pulmonary capillary blood flow (Q̇c), the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), arterial blood gases and body weight were measured before and after dialysis. A single breath, constant expiratory flow technique for determination of DLCO, Q̇c and Vt was used. DLCO, Q̇c, arterial carbon dioxide, and body weight were reduced post dialysis (P ≤ .01) while Vt failed to change. The alveolar-arterial oxygen difference rose 12 mmHg (P = .01). These results are consistent with pulmonary microembolization during dialysis with deterioration of gas exchange and Q̇c. These changes appear to occur independent of significant changes in Vt. Possible physiologic mechanisms are discussed.

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