Total body water-to-lean body mass ratio in baboons (Papio sp.) of varying adiposity

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1234-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Lewis ◽  
H. A. Bertrand ◽  
E. J. Masoro
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Total Body

Total body water (TBW), lean body mass (LBM), and triglyceride mass were measured in 23 5-yr-old baboons (13 females and 10 males). Male baboons weighed more, had more LBM, more TBW, and contained less triglyceride mass per unit body weight than female baboons. Among all baboons, triglyceride mass per unit body weight ranged from 2.4 to 33.5%. The ratio TBW:LBM ranged from 0.70 to 0.92, increasing (r = 0.98) with increased body triglyceride content (both percent and absolute mass) in both male and female baboons. However, the water content per unit weight of tissues free of fat cells (liver, lungs, kidneys, central nervous system, eyes, tongue) was nearly constant at 0.73 +/- 0.02. The increase in TBW:LBM is more than can be expected from the water in the increased adipose tissue mass. We conclude that TBW:LBM is not constant but is influenced by body triglyceride content in baboons.

COMPARISON OF TOTAL BODY POTASSIUM AND TOTAL BODY WATER WITH DENSITOMETRICALLY-MEASURED LEAN BODY MASS IN HEALTHY ADULTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
S. W. Lichtman ◽  
K. R. Segal ◽  
R. L. Ruskin ◽  
E. Presta ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body

Total Body Water, Total Exchangeable Sodium and Related Variables in the Ghanaian

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-479
Author(s):  
S. Kojo Addae ◽  
S. Dakubu ◽  
E. T. Larmie ◽  
R. Boatin ◽  
E. H. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

1. Standard radioisotope dilution techniques employing [3H]water and [22Na]sodium chloride have been used to determine the total body water and total exchangeable sodium of 20 male and 10 female normal Ghanaians (Africans) aged 19–25 years. 2. Lean body mass and total body fat are calculated as a percentage of body weight; the total exchangeable sodium values have been expressed in relation to lean body mass. 3. Comparison of the data for Ghanaian subjects with published figures for Caucasian subjects of similar age shows that the Ghanaian men have much less total body fat and the women a little less total body fat than their Caucasian counterparts. 4. Total exchangeable sodium expressed in terms of lean body mass shows close agreement in both men and women.

The Biological Aspects of Puberty

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Howard E. Kulin ◽  
Jørn Müller
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Total Body

Normal Pubertal Development SOMATIC CHANGES Puberty is characterized by an increase in growth rate and the appearance of striking somatic sex differences. The onset of these changes actually antedates the appearance of secondary sex characteristics by a few years. Thus, sexual maturation is a considerably longer process than the period of visible changes induced by marked incremental increases in gonadal hormones. Unlike boys, girls augment their body fat noticeably at 7 years of age; by 16 years of age girls have twice as much fat as boys. Total body water reflects lean body mass, which is made up primarily of muscle and skeletal tissues. At 9 years of age, total body water increases significantly in boys and signals the onset of more rapid growth in lean body mass. Muscle mass in boys doubles between the ages of 10 and 17 years, and skeletal mass doubles between ages 12 and 16 years. During adolescence boys exceed girls in all body measurements except hip width and body fat. The changes in body constituents during puberty are reflected more impressively by increases in height and weight. The initiation of the adolescent growth spurt precedes the onset of secondary sex characteristics by approximately 1 year in boys and girls.

Density of lean body mass is greater in blacks than in whites

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1647-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Schutte ◽  
E. J. Townsend ◽  
J. Hugg ◽  
R. F. Shoup ◽  
R. M. Malina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male College ◽  
Correct Formula ◽  
Total Body

Previous studies have reported that Blacks have 10–20% more bone mineral than Whites of the same height. Theoretically, this should mean that the lean body mass of Blacks is denser than that of Whites, such that formulas for calculating lean body mass from density in Whites will overestimate the lean body mass (and thus underestimate fatness) in Blacks. To determine if the lean body mass of Blacks is indeed denser than that of Whites, we measured density, total body water, and anthropometric dimensions in 19 white and 15 black male college students. The black and white cohorts were nearly identical in height, weight, and total body water. Among the Whites there was no significant difference between the observed density and that predicted from anthropometry, nor were there any significant differences between the dimensions of body composition calculated from total body water and from observed density. Among the Blacks, however, the observed density was significantly greater than that predicted from anthropometry, and the lean body mass calculated from observed density was significantly greater than that calculated from total body water. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the lean body mass of the Blacks is denser than that of the Whites. Separate formulas should therefore be used for converting density to body composition. Based on our data, the correct formula for Blacks is: %fat = 100 X [(4.374/density) - 3.928]. This formula indicates a lean body density of 1.113 g/cm3 in Blacks compared with 1.100 in Whites.

scholarly journals Interdependence of lean body mass and total body water, but not quality of life measures, during low dose GH replacement in GH-deficient adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annice Mukherjee ◽  
Judith E Adams ◽  
Linda Smethurst ◽  
Stephen M Shalet
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Gh Replacement ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Total Body

Lean body mass (LBM) and total body water (TBW) are reduced in GH-deficient (GHD) adults and alter with GH replacement. Whether these parameters are interdependent and whether alterations in their homeostasis contribute to the perceived quality of life (QOL) deficit in GHD remains unclear. In this study, IGF-I, body composition by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, TBW by deuterium dilution (D2O) and two validated QOL instruments - psychological general well-being schedule (PGWB, generic, 6 domains; lower score worse QOL) and assessment of GH deficiency in adults (AGHDA, disease orientated; higher score worse QOL) were studied at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of GH replacement in thirty GHD adults. Patients with diabetes insipidus, and cardiac and renal failure were excluded. Median age-adjusted IGF-I standard deviation score increased from −3.40 (−6.40 to −1.60) to −0.2 (−1.88 to 0.78) (P < 0.0001) at a median daily GH dose of 0.4 mg. During treatment, LBM increased from 47.4 ± 10.7 kg at baseline to 49.5 ± 10.8 kg at 6 months (P = 0.0008), and fat mass decreased from 28.0 ± 12.1 kg at baseline to 27.2 ± 12.6 kg at 6 months (P = 0.0004). A non-significant trend towards an increase in TBW was observed (mean 1.7 kg, P = 0.08). The PGWB score increased from 62.9 ± 20.6 to 73.7 ± 21.7 (P = 0.0006). The AGHDA score decreased from 13.7 ± 7.3 to 8.75 ± 7.75 (P = 0.0002). At each time point, a linear correlation between LBM and TBW was demonstrated, defined by TBW = (0.972 × LBM)–10.6. However, only a weakly positive correlation existed between the percentage changes in these variables (R = 0.40, P = 0.04). No correlations were demonstrated between QOL measures and body composition. The change in LBM with physiological GH replacement correlates weakly with change in TBW, therefore factors other than TBW may also contribute to the LBM changes. Improved QOL with GH replacement is not explained by favourable changes in body composition.

scholarly journals Lean Body Mass and Muscle Cross-Sectional Area Adaptations Among College Age Males with Different Strength Levels across 11 Weeks of Block Periodized Programmed Resistance Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4735
Author(s):  
Paul A. Moquin ◽  
Alexander B. Wetmore ◽  
Kevin M. Carroll ◽  
Andrew C. Fry ◽  
W. Guy Hornsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Total Body

The block periodization training paradigm has been shown to produce enhanced gains in strength and power. The purpose of this study is to assess resistance training induced alterations in lean body mass and cross-sectional area using a block periodization training model among individuals (n = 15) of three differing strength levels (high, moderate and low) based on one repetition maximum back squat relative to body weight. A 3 × 5 mixed-design ANOVA was used to examine within-and between-subject changes in cross-sectional area (CSA), lean body mass (LBM), lean body mass adjusted (LBMadjusted) and total body water (TBW) over an 11-week resistance training program. LBMadjusted is total body water subtracted from lean body mass. The ANOVA revealed no statistically significant between-group differences in any independent variable (p > 0.05). Within-group effects showed statistically significant increases in cross-sectional area (p < 0.001), lean body mass (p < 0.001), lean body mass adjusted (p ˂ 0.001) and total body water (p < 0.001) from baseline to post intervention: CSA: 32.7 cm2 ± 8.6; 36.3 cm2 ± 7.2, LBM: 68.0 kg ± 9.5; 70.6 kg ± 9.4, LBMadjusted: 20.4 kg ± 3.1; 21.0 kg ± 3.3 and TBW: 49.8 kg ± 6.9; 51.7 kg ± 6.9. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest subjects experienced an increase in both lean body mass and total body water, regardless of strength level, over the course of the 11-week block periodized program. Gains in lean body mass and cross-sectional area may be due to edema at the early onset of training.

Total body water and lean body mass estimated by ethanol dilution

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Loeppky ◽  
L. G. Myhre ◽  
M. D. Venters ◽  
U. C. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Body

Total body water (TBW) was determined on 35 subjects with a tritium (HTO) and an ethanol (ETH) dilution method, the latter using breath analyses for blood ethanol content. Lean body mass (LBM) was estimated by hydrostatic weighing. Mean values for water fraction (TBW/wt) were 0.618 +/- 0.05 with HTO and 0.603 +/- 0.06 with ETH. The difference was not significant. The correlation between the two methods was highly significant (r = 0.90, SEE = 3.5 liters, P less than 0.0001). High correlations were also found between TBW and LBM with either method for TBW (r = 0.94 with HTO, r = 0.91 with ETH). Mean values for TBW/LBM were 0.735 with HTO and 0.717 with ETH. The ETH method compares favorably with the HTO, it has the advantage that it is nonradioactive and can be repeated daily if necessary.

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