Bronchial and reverse pulmonary venous blood flow protect the lung from ischemia-reperfusion injury

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hamvas ◽  
D. P. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Bronchial Circulation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lung Deflation

We used an intact in vivo canine model of pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury to evaluate whether the bronchial circulation or reverse pulmonary venous blood flow would protect the lung from injury during 2 h of unilateral pulmonary arterial (PA) occlusion and lung deflation. Serial measurements of regional extravascular density and transcapillary protein flux were made after reperfusion by using the quantitative imaging technique of positron emission tomography. Twenty-one animals were divided into four experimental groups. In all experimental groups, the left PA was clamped and the left lung was allowed to collapse and remain unventilated for a period of 2 h. In addition, in group I (n = 5) the left bronchial circulation was disrupted and the left pulmonary veins were clamped, in group II (n = 5) the bronchial circulation and the pulmonary veins were left intact, in group III (n = 6) the bronchial circulation was left intact but the pulmonary veins were clamped, and in group IV (n = 5) the bronchial circulation was disrupted but the pulmonary veins remained patent. The rate of protein flux in the left lung was increased only in group I (complete ischemia with lung deflation) [mean 195 x 10(-4) min-1 (range 85–453 x 10(-4) min-1) at 0.25 h and 114 x 10(-4) min-1 (range 22–200 x 10(-4) min-1) at 3 h] after reventilation and PA reperfusion (normal = 49 +/- 31 x 10(-4) min-1). Extravascular density increased significantly from 0.25 to 3 h only in group I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Phase-contrast MR assessment of pulmonary venous blood flow in children with surgically repaired pulmonary veins

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela R. Valsangiacomo ◽  
Catherine Barrea ◽  
Christopher K. Macgowan ◽  
Jeffrey F. Smallhorn ◽  
John G. Coles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Venous Blood Flow

scholarly journals A novel experimental porcine model to assess the impact of differential pulmonary blood flow on ischemia–reperfusion injury after unilateral lung transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Elisabeth Frick ◽  
Michaela Orlitová ◽  
Arno Vanstapel ◽  
Sofie Ordies ◽  
Sandra Claes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) remains a major obstacle after lung transplantation. Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a known contributor to the development of PGD following lung transplantation. We developed a novel approach to assess the impact of increased pulmonary blood flow in a large porcine single-left lung transplantation model. Materials Twelve porcine left lung transplants were divided in two groups (n = 6, in low- (LF) and high-flow (HF) group). Donor lungs were stored for 24 h on ice, followed by left lung transplantation. In the HF group, recipient animals were observed for 6 h after reperfusion with partially clamping right pulmonary artery to achieve a higher flow (target flow 40–60% of total cardiac output) to the transplanted lung compared to the LF group, where the right pulmonary artery was not clamped. Results Survival at 6 h was 100% in both groups. Histological, functional and biological assessment did not significantly differ between both groups during the first 6 h of reperfusion. injury was also present in the right native lung and showed signs compatible with the pathophysiological hallmarks of ischemia–reperfusion injury. Conclusions Partial clamping native pulmonary artery in large animal lung transplantation setting to study the impact of low versus high pulmonary flow on the development of ischemia reperfusion is feasible. In our study, differential blood flow had no effect on IRI. However, our findings might impact future studies with extracorporeal devices and represent a specific intra-operative problem during bilateral sequential single-lung transplantation.

Influence of lung volume and alveolar pressure on reverse pulmonary venous blood flow

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Obermiller ◽  
S. Lakshminarayan ◽  
S. Willoughby ◽  
J. Mendenhall ◽  
J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Alveolar Pressure ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Venous Flow

We have reported that left atrial blood refluxes through the pulmonary veins to gas-exchanging tissue after pulmonary artery ligation. This reverse pulmonary venous flow (Qrpv) was observed only when lung volume was changed by ventilation. This was believed to drive Qrpv by alternately distending and compressing the alveolar and extra-alveolar vessels. Because lung and pulmonary vascular compliances change with lung volume, we studied the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on the magnitude of Qrpv during constant-volume ventilation. In prone anesthetized goats (n = 8), using the right lung to maintain normal blood gases, we ligated the pulmonary and bronchial arterial inflow to the left lung and ventilated each lung separately. A solution of SF6, an inert gas, was infused into the left atrium. SF6 clearance from the left lung was determined by the Fick principle at 0, 5, 10, and 15 and again at 0 cmH2O PEEP and was used to measure Qrpv. Left atrial pressure remained nearly constant at 20 cmH2O because the increasing levels of PEEP were applied to the left lung only. Qrpv was three- to fourfold greater at 10 and 15 than at 0 cmH2O PEEP. At these higher levels of PEEP, there were greater excursions in alveolar pressure for the same ventilatory volume. We believe that larger excursions in transpulmonary pressure during tidal ventilation at higher levels of PEEP, which compressed alveolar vessels, resulted in the reflux of greater volumes of left atrial blood, through relatively noncompliant extra-alveolar veins into alveolar corner vessels, and more compliant extra-alveolar arteries.

scholarly journals The Autonomic Repercussions of Fetal and Maternal Interaction in Pre-eclampsia

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Igor Victorovich Lakhno
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Maternal Interaction

AbstractPre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the severe complications of pregnancy that leads to fetal deterioration. The aim of the investigation was to determine the role of maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in regulation of fetal circulatory system in case of healthy pregnancy and in PE.The investigation of maternal and fetal HRV and umbilical venous blood flow velocity spectral analysis in 106 patients at 34-40 weeks of gestation was performed. 30 of them had healthy pregnancy and were involved in the Group I. In Group II 44 pregnant women with mild-moderate PE were observed. 32 patients with severe PE were monitored in Group III. The maternal sympathetic overactivity modulated HRV in PE. The suppression of RSA was explored in preeclamptic patients. The Doppler spectrograms of the umbilical veinous blod flow had the oscillatory peak with a frequency about 0.5 Hz. The above peak characterized the participation of the maternal RSA in fetal hemodynamics. Strong relationship between maternal RMSSD and amplitude of RSA associated peak, maternal and fetal RMSSDs was found in healthy pregnancy. No considerable relationship was revealed between the maternal RMSSD and the amplitude of 0.5 Hz frequency peak, the maternal and fetal RMSSDs in the patients with severe PE. The maternal RSA propagated its influence on the fetal umbilical venous blood flow and the fetal autonomic nervous regulation in normal gestation. The control of fetal hemodynamics diminished in the mild-moderate PE and even disappeared in severe PE.

In vivo pressure-flow curve in unilateral rat lung ischemia-reperfusion injury

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1865-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-C. Yu ◽  
Y.-L. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lung Model ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Ultrasonic Methods

The pressure-flow (P-Q˙) curve has been widely used in many studies to describe the effects of various factors on vascular hemodynamics. It is not clear, however, whether unilateral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) alters the P-Q˙ curve of the rat lung. In this study, we developed an in vivo P-Q˙ curve using the unilateral (left) rat lung before and after IR. Animals were divided into two groups: sham and IR. The protocol of the IR group consisted of three periods: baseline, ischemia, and reperfusion. P-Q˙ curves were obtained by altering blood flow of the left lung during the baseline and the reperfusion periods. The sham group received the same operation without IR procedure. An additional group was used to compare pulmonary blood flow measured by the microsphere and the ultrasonic methods. IR treatment rotated the P-Q˙ curve toward the left, indicating an increase in resistance in the left lung. However, this rotation was not found in the sham group. A significant correlation ( r = 0.87, P < 0.01) between percentages of blood flow obtained by the microsphere and ultrasonic methods in both right and left lungs was demonstrated. Therefore, we demonstrated a simple and useful technique to evaluate changes in the P-Q˙ curves caused by IR in the unilateral rat lung model.

scholarly journals A Novel Experimental Porcine Model to Assess the Impact of Differential Pulmonary Blood Flow on Ischemia-reperfusion Injury After Unilateral Lung Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Elisabeth Frick ◽  
Michaela Orlitová ◽  
Arno Vanstapel ◽  
Sofie Ordies ◽  
Sandra Claes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) remains a major obstacle after lung transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a known contributor to the development of PGD following lung transplantation. We developed a novel approach to assess the impact of increased pulmonary blood flow in a large porcine single-left lung transplantation model.Materials Twelve porcine left lung transplants were divided in two groups (n = 6, in low (LF) and high flow (HF) group). Donor lungs were stored for 24 hours on ice, followed by left lung transplantation. In the HF group, recipient animals were observed for 6h after reperfusion with partially clamping right pulmonary artery to achieve a higher flow (target flow 40 – 60% of total cardiac output) to the transplanted lung compared to the LF group, where the right pulmonary artery was not clamped.Results Survival at 6 hours was 100% in both groups. Histological, functional and biological assessment did not significantly differ between both groups during the first 6 hours of reperfusion. injury was also present in the right native lung and showed signs compatible with the pathophysiological hallmarks of ischemia-reperfusion injury.Conclusions Partial Clamping native pulmonary artery in large animal lung transplantation setting to study the impact of low versus high pulmonary flow on the development of ischemia reperfusion is feasible. In our study, differential blood flow had no effect on IRI. However, our findings might impact future studies with extra-corporeal devices and represents a specific intra-operative problem during bilateral sequential single lung transplantation.

Norethynodrel with mestranol and venous blood flow

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 784-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Neistadt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Venous Blood Flow

scholarly journals The use of pulse pressure variation for predicting impairment of microcirculatory blood flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph R. Behem ◽  
Michael F. Graessler ◽  
Till Friedheim ◽  
Rahel Kluttig ◽  
Hans O. Pinnschmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Pressure Variation ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Microcirculatory Blood Flow

AbstractDynamic parameters of preload have been widely recommended to guide fluid therapy based on the principle of fluid responsiveness and with regard to cardiac output. An equally important aspect is however to also avoid volume-overload. This accounts particularly when capillary leakage is present and volume-overload will promote impairment of microcirculatory blood flow. The aim of this study was to evaluate, whether an impairment of intestinal microcirculation caused by volume-load potentially can be predicted using pulse pressure variation in an experimental model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. The study was designed as a prospective explorative large animal pilot study. The study was performed in 8 anesthetized domestic pigs (German landrace). Ischemia/reperfusion was induced during aortic surgery. 6 h after ischemia/reperfusion-injury measurements were performed during 4 consecutive volume-loading-steps, each consisting of 6 ml kg−1 bodyweight−1. Mean microcirculatory blood flow (mean Flux) of the ileum was measured using direct laser-speckle-contrast-imaging. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the ability of pulse pressure variation to predict a decrease in microcirculation. A reduction of ≥ 10% mean Flux was considered a relevant decrease. After ischemia–reperfusion, volume-loading-steps led to a significant increase of cardiac output as well as mean arterial pressure, while pulse pressure variation and mean Flux were significantly reduced (Pairwise comparison ischemia/reperfusion-injury vs. volume loading step no. 4): cardiac output (l min−1) 1.68 (1.02–2.35) versus 2.84 (2.15–3.53), p = 0.002, mean arterial pressure (mmHg) 29.89 (21.65–38.12) versus 52.34 (43.55–61.14), p < 0.001, pulse pressure variation (%) 24.84 (17.45–32.22) versus 9.59 (1.68–17.49), p = 0.004, mean Flux (p.u.) 414.95 (295.18–534.72) versus 327.21 (206.95–447.48), p = 0.006. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.88 (CI 95% 0.73–1.00; p value < 0.001) for pulse pressure variation for predicting a decrease of microcirculatory blood flow. The results of our study show that pulse pressure variation does have the potential to predict decreases of intestinal microcirculatory blood flow due to volume-load after ischemia/reperfusion-injury. This should encourage further translational research and might help to prevent microcirculatory impairment due to excessive fluid resuscitation and to guide fluid therapy in the future.

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