Restraint vs. hindlimb suspension on fluid and electrolyte balance in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1993-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bouzeghrane ◽  
S. Fagette ◽  
L. Somody ◽  
A. M. Allevard ◽  
C. Gharib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Sodium Thiocyanate ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Osmotic Load ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

To determine the effect of hindlimb suspension on body fluid volume, salt and water balance, and relevant hormones, two series of experiments were performed in an experimental protocol including periods of isolation (7 days), horizontal attachment (7 days), and suspension (14 days). 1) During the first experiment, water and electrolyte balance, arginine vasopressin (AVP), and guanosine 3',5'- cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) were determined in urine, atrial natriuretic peptide in plasma and atria, and renin concentration and AVP in plasma in 30 rats. 2) During the second experiment, blood volume and extracellular fluid volume were measured by a dilution technique (Evans blue and sodium thiocyanate) in another 30 rats. We observed a pronounced and early effect of horizontal attachment on the renal variables. After 48 h, diuresis (49%), natriuresis (44%), kaliuresis (36%), osmotic load (39%), creatinine (28%), and AVP excretion (155%) were significantly increased in attached rats (P < 0.05). There was no short-term (24-h) effect of suspension on urine flow and Na+, K+, creatinine, and AVP excretion, but the urine cGMP decreased significantly (45%; P < 0.05). Significant decreases in natriuresis, kaliuresis, urine creatinine, and osmotic load occurred in the suspension group 7 days after suspension. After the 14-day tail suspension, plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume measured in suspended rats were not different from isolated rat values, whereas plasma volume increased by 15% (P < 0.05) in the attached rats. Plasma immunoreactive plasma atrial natriuretic levels of suspended rats were significantly reduced by 35% vs. isolated rats (P < 0.001) and by 18% vs. attached rats (P < 0.05). By using this experimental protocol, the physiological alterations revealed that suspension produced some acute and long-term effects, but the fixation to the suspension device, restraint, and confinement have their own influence on fluid distribution and renal function.

scholarly journals Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume in rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Kadokawa ◽  
Kanno Hosoki ◽  
Kunihiko Takeyama ◽  
Hisao Minato ◽  
Masanao Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Control of atrial natriuretic factor release in conscious dogs

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. R947-R956 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Verburg ◽  
R. H. Freeman ◽  
J. O. Davis ◽  
D. Villarreal ◽  
R. C. Vari
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the concentration of plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (iANF) that occur in response to expansion or depletion of the extracellular fluid volume in conscious dogs. The plasma iANF concentration was also measured postprandially after the ingestion of a meal containing 125 meq of sodium. Postprandial plasma iANF increased 45% (P less than 0.05) above the base-line concentration, and this increase was accompanied by a brisk natriuresis. After a low-sodium meal, however, plasma iANF and sodium excretion failed to increase. The plasma iANF concentration increased from 57 +/- 5 to 139 +/- 36 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) immediately after volume expansion with intravenous isotonic saline infusion (2.5% body wt) administered over a 30-min period; plasma iANF remained elevated at 90 +/- 14 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) for an additional 30 min before returning toward preinfusion levels. Plasma iANF decreased 45% from 78 +/- 17 to 43 +/- 7 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) in response to the administration of ethacrynic acid (2.0 mg/kg, iv bolus) that produced an estimated 15% depletion of intravascular volume. In additional experiments the infusion of synthetic alpha-human ANF at 100 and 300 ng X kg-1 X min-1 increased (P less than 0.05) both the plasma iANF concentration and the urinary excretion of iANF. This study demonstrates that the secretion of ANF is consistently influenced by changes in the extracellular fluid volume. Furthermore, the results support the concept that ANF functions to increase postprandial sodium excretion following the ingestion of a high-sodium meal.

Time course and magnitude of changes in total body water, extracellular fluid volume, intracellular fluid volume and plasma volume during submaximal exercise and recovery in horses

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I Lindinger ◽  
Gloria McKeen ◽  
Gayle L Ecker
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine the time course and magnitude of changes in extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes in relation to changes in total body water during prolonged submaximal exercise and recovery in horses. Seven horses were physically conditioned over a 2-month period and trained to trot on a treadmill. Total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and plasma volume (PV) were measured at rest using indicator dilution techniques (D2O, thiocyanate and Evans Blue, respectively). Changes in TBW were assessed from measures of body mass, and changes in PV and ECFV were calculated from changes in plasma protein concentration. Horses exercised by trotting on a treadmill for 75–120 min incurred a 4.2% decrease in TBW. During exercise, the entire decrease in TBW (mean±standard error: 12.8±2.0 l at end of exercise) could be attributed to the decrease in ECFV (12.0±2.4 l at end of exercise), such that there was no change in intracellular fluid volume (ICFV; 0.9±2.4 l at end of exercise). PV decreased from 22.0±0.5 l at rest to 19.8±0.3 l at end of exercise and remained depressed (18–19 l) during the first 2 h of recovery. Recovery of fluid volumes after exercise was slow, and characterized by a further transient loss of ECFV (first 30 min of recovery) and a sustained increase in ICFV (between 0.5 and 3.5 h of recovery). Recovery of fluid volumes was complete by 13 h post exercise. It is concluded that prolonged submaximal exercise in horses favours net loss of fluid from the extracellular fluid compartment.

Plasma Volume and Extracellular Fluid Volume during Long-Term Treatment with Propranolol in Essential Hypertension

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sederberg-Olsen ◽  
H. Ibsen
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Change

1. In ten patients with essential hypertension treated with propranolol (320 mg daily for 4 months) plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were determined. 2. A significant increase in extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) was found, but there was no significant change in plasma volume. 3. The genesis of the increase found in ECFV is briefly discussed.

SERIAL DETERMINATIONS OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME USING THE RADIOSULPHATE SPACE METHOD

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley Murphy ◽  
J. B. Dossetor ◽  
J. C. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Space Method

The fate of injected and ingested radiosulphate was investigated. The appearance of radiosulphate in bile was shown to be very rapid. Ingested radiosulphate was rapidly and completely absorbed, peak blood levels occurring at 1 to 2 hours.The sulphate space method of measuring extracellular fluid volume was studied and a method adopted requiring two serum samples taken at 1/2 and 6 hours following injection. This procedure provided a convenient means of making independent observations of extracellular fluid volume as often as four times a day in individual subjects. When values for the sulphate space were compared in the same individuals under conditions similar with respect to diet, activity, and time of day, the coefficient of variation was calculated to be ± 5.7% or about ± 1% of body weight. Values among well-nourished subjects with no known abnormalities of water or electrolyte balance gave a mean of 17.5% body weight with a range of 13.5 to 22% body weight. Values among obese subjects averaged 12.8% body weight.Studies of the diurnal variation of the sulphate space made every 6 hours throughout the day suggested that in man, under conditions of uniform intake and normal activity, there is a diurnal variation of extracellular fluid volume, higher values occurring at night.

Relation of saluretic and hypotensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide in the rat

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney M. Friedman ◽  
Miyoshi Nakashima ◽  
Constance L. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Urinary Volume ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Inulin Space

Hydrochlorothiazide causes a marked loss of Na and of water in both fully alimented rats and in rats deprived of food and/or water. The increased urinary volume corresponds closely to the shrinkage of the extracellular fluid volume (inulin space) but the decrease in extracellular Na is not sufficient to account for the Na excretion, suggesting that Na is withdrawn from cells and perhaps bone stores as well. The fall in blood pressure in hypertensive rats is not due to simple shrinkage of the extracellular space and plasma volume, but can be referred to the rise in Na gradient induced by withdrawal of cell sodium.

Some biochemical and physiological features of normal monkeys (Macaca radiata)

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Srikantia ◽  
C. Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Sodium Thiocyanate ◽  
Macaca Radiata ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Total Body

Determinations of body-fluid spaces with antipyrine for total-body water and sodium thiocyanate for extracellular fluid volume, hematological indices, and several serum constituents in about 500 Macaca radiata monkeys revealed that most of the values obtained were very similar to values obtained in man. body fluid spaces; hematology Submitted on April 22, 1963

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