Upper airway afferents are sufficient to evoke the early components of respiratory-related cortical potentials in humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1874-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Donzel-Raynaud ◽  
Christian Straus ◽  
Michela Bezzi ◽  
Stefania Redolfi ◽  
Mathieu Raux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Stimulus Detection ◽  
Evoked Cortical Potentials ◽  
Cortical Potentials

Repeated inspiratory occlusions in humans elicit respiratory-related cortical potentials, the respiratory counterpart of somatosensory-evoked potentials. These potentials comprise early components (stimulus detection) and late components (cognitive processing). They are considered as the summation of several afferent activities from various part of the respiratory system. This study assesses the role of the upper airway as a determinant of the early and late components of the potentials, taking advantage of the presence of a tracheotomy in patients totally or partially deafferented. Eight patients who could breathe either through the mouth or through a tracheotomy orifice (whole upper airway bypassed) were studied (4 quadriplegic patients with phrenic pacing, 4 patients with various sources of inspiratory pump dysfunction). Respiratory-related evoked potentials were recorded in CZ-C3 and CZ-C4. They were consistently present after mouth occlusions, with a first positive P1 and a first negative N1 components of normal latencies (P1: 40.4 ± 6.1 ms in CZ-C3 and 47.6 ± 7.6 ms in CZ-C4; N1: 84.4 ± 27.1 ms in CZ-C3 and 90.2 ± 17.4 ms in CZ-C4) and amplitudes. Tracheal occlusions did not evoke any cortical activity. Therefore, in patients with inspiratory pump dysfunction, the activation of upper airway afferents is sufficient to produce the early components of the respiratory-related evoked cortical potentials. Per contra, in this setting, pulmonary afferents do not suffice to evoke these components.

Stable Abnormalities in the Lateralisation of early Cortical Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Schizophrenic Patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cooper ◽  
H. Andrews ◽  
C. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Evoked Cortical Potentials ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Cortical Potentials

SummaryDuring the investigation of somatosensory evoked cortical potentials arising from a complex vibro-tactile stimulus to the forefingers, an abnormal lack of lateralisation of response was found in 10 out of 21 schizophrenic patients. Eight patients with severe affective illness all had the expected degree of lateralisation of cortical potentials, as did 12 out of 15 normals. Three normals and 3 schizophrenic patients had a loss of lateralisation of the evoked response on stimulation of one hand but a normal lateralisation on stimulation of the other. The considerable technical problems of this and related techniques are discussed, but it is suggested that further exploration of this technique is justified. At this stage, no conclusion can be drawn about the cause of the abnormalities.

Flow Resistance in Tracheotomy Tubes

1973 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cavo ◽  
Joseph H. Ogura ◽  
Donald G. Sessions ◽  
J. Roger Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Adult Human

The role of the upper airway (the breathing passage above the trachea) in maintaining the normal junction of the respiratory system has been suggested by previous investigators. During a tracheotomy the upper airway is by-passed by a prosthetic metal or plastic tube which is placed into the trachea through the neck. In order to determine which, among the most commonly used tracheotomy tubes, most closely simulate the flow resistance of the adult human upper airway, a series of varying flow rates were passed through different sized tubes. Pressure drops were recorded and resistance values were thereby determined. Our data was compared with previously determined values for flow resistance of the adult human upper airway. Resistance related to turbulent and laminar flow was considered. On the basis of our data we have suggested that large caliber tracheotomy tubes be used in adult patients in whom the prolonged need for a tracheotomy is anticipated.

Monocular and Binocular Visual Evoked Potentials before and after Cataract Surgery

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-704
Author(s):  
J. L. Andreassi ◽  
S. S. Zalkind ◽  
J. A. Gallichio ◽  
N. E. Young
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Mature Cataract ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Evoked Cortical Potentials ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Visual Evoked ◽  
Cortical Potentials

Visual evoked cortical potentials (VEPs) were recorded from an individual with a mature cataract in one eye. Stimulation was both monocular and binocular and VEPs were obtained from three occipital scalp sites. Comparisons of recordings taken prior to cataract removal and after removal showed a dramatic increase in amplitude of potentials derived through stimulation of the affected eye. Slight differences in hemispheric amplitude prior to surgery suggest a greater degree of opacity in one portion of the affected lens.

Psychophysiological Investigations of Patients with Unilateral Symptoms in the Hyperventilation Syndrome

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O'Sullivan ◽  
I. Harvey ◽  
C. Bass ◽  
M. Sheehy ◽  
B. Toone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Hyperventilation Syndrome ◽  
Anxiety States ◽  
Peripheral Mechanism ◽  
Before And After

Anxiety states sometimes lead to hyperventilation (HV) which may, in turn, give rise to a variety of physical symptoms. One way in which HV may present is with unilateral somatosensory symptoms, often left-sided. We report nine such cases. The mechanism of lateralisation was examined using EEG and bilateral somatosensory evoked potentials which were carried out before and after HV. No difference in conduction velocity was found between affected and unaffected arms, but non-specific abnormalities were frequently noted in the EEGs. The results support the role of a central rather than a peripheral mechanism in the production of unilateral symptoms in HV.

Altered somatosensory evoked potentials associated with improved reaction time in a simple sensorimotor response task following repetitive practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayu Akaiwa ◽  
Koki Iwata ◽  
Hidekazu Saito ◽  
Takeshi Sasaki ◽  
Kazuhiro Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Somatosensory Processing ◽  
Attentional Allocation ◽  
Response Task

Abstract Background Repetitive practice of sensorimotor tasks is widely used for neurorehabilitation; however, it is unknown how practice alters sensory processing (e.g., recognition, discrimination, and attentional allocation) and associated cognitive processing, such as decision-making. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) reflecting sensory processing, attention, and decision-making are altered by sensorimotor learning. 15 participants preformed a simple sensorimotor response task (thumb opposition in response to surface electrical stimulation), with experimental recording sessions before and after three days of practice. We then compared multiple SEP waveforms and reaction times (RTs) between pre- and postpractice trials. Results As expected, the RT was reduced after practice of three days, and this was associated with shorter N140 and N250 latencies and larger P300 amplitude. Conclusions The present study suggests that motor learning improves somatosensory processing and attentional allocation via neuroplasticity and that these alterations are reflected by specific SEP changes.

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