scholarly journals Case studies in neuroscience: subcortical origins of the frequency-following response

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 844-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis White-Schwoch ◽  
Samira Anderson ◽  
Jennifer Krizman ◽  
Trent Nicol ◽  
Nina Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Auditory Neuropathy ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Double Dissociation ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Dual Case

The auditory frequency-following response (FFR) reflects synchronized and phase-locked activity along the auditory pathway in response to sound. Although FFRs were historically thought to reflect subcortical activity, recent evidence suggests an auditory cortex contribution as well. Here we present electrophysiological evidence for the FFR’s origins from two cases: a patient with bilateral auditory cortex lesions and a patient with auditory neuropathy, a condition of subcortical origin. The patient with auditory cortex lesions had robust and replicable FFRs, but no cortical responses. In contrast, the patient with auditory neuropathy had no FFR despite robust and replicable cortical responses. This double dissociation shows that subcortical synchrony is necessary and sufficient to generate an FFR. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The frequency-following response (FFR) reflects synchronized and phase-locked neural activity in response to sound.  The authors present a dual case study, comparing FFRs and cortical potentials between a patient with auditory neuropathy (a condition of subcortical origin) and a patient with bilateral auditory cortex lesions. They show that subcortical synchrony is necessary and sufficient to generate an FFR.

Case studies in neuroscience: Cortical contributions to the frequency-following response depend on subcortical synchrony

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis White-Schwoch ◽  
Jennifer Krizman ◽  
Trent Nicol ◽  
Nina Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Control Subject ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Auditory Neuropathy ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Onset Responses

Frequency-following responses to musical notes spanning the octave 65-130 Hz were elicited in a person with auditory neuropathy, a disorder of subcortical neural synchrony, and a control subject. No phaselocked responses were observed in the person with auditory neuropathy. The control subject had robust responses synchronized to the fundamental frequency and its harmonics. Cortical onset responses to each note in the series were present in both subjects. These results support the hypothesis that subcortical neural synchrony is necessary to generate the frequency-following response-including for stimulus frequencies at which a cortical contribution has been noted. Although auditory cortex ensembles may synchronize to fundamental frequency cues in speech and music, subcortical neural synchrony appears to be a necessary antecedent.

scholarly journals Abnormal spontaneous neural activity of auditory cortex and auditory pathway in tinnitus: a resting-state fMRI study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Wei Cai ◽  
Jian-Gang Liang ◽  
Zhi-Hui Li ◽  
Yu-lin Huang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Homeostatic Plasticity ◽  
Central Auditory System ◽  
Spontaneous Neural Activity ◽  
Fmri Study

AbstractThis resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study in tinnitus patients was conducted to observe the spontaneous neural activity of the central auditory system using a derived index, mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (mALFF). Tinnitus subjects with right-ear hearing impairment (THL) and without hearing loss (TNH) and two age-, sex-, and education-matched control groups (NC1 and NC2) were recruited for rs-fMRI. mALFF maps of the tinnitus and matched NC groups were plotted in the central auditory system, including the primary auditory cortex (PAC), higher auditory cortex (HAC), and hubs of the central auditory pathway. mALFF values of the activity clusters in the central auditory system of THL and TNH patients were extracted and correlated with each clinical characteristic. Significantly increased mALFF clusters were found in bilateral PAC and HAC of THL-NC1 maps and in the left inferior colliculus and right HAC of TNH-NC2 maps. Thus, subgroups of tinnitus with and without hearing impairment might exhibit different homeostatic plasticity in the central auditory system. mALFF values of aberrant active clusters in the central auditory system are partly associated with specific clinical tinnitus characteristics.

scholarly journals A cortical disinhibitory circuit for enhancing adult plasticity

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fu ◽  
Megumi Kaneko ◽  
Yunshuo Tang ◽  
Arturo Alvarez-Buylla ◽  
Michael P Stryker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Cortical Circuit ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Adult Plasticity

The adult brain continues to learn and can recover from injury, but the elements and operation of the neural circuits responsible for this plasticity are not known. In previous work, we have shown that locomotion dramatically enhances neural activity in the visual cortex (V1) of the mouse (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib27">Niell and Stryker, 2010</xref>), identified the cortical circuit responsible for this enhancement (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib5">Fu et al., 2014</xref>), and shown that locomotion also dramatically enhances adult plasticity (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib19">Kaneko and Stryker, 2014</xref>). The circuit that is responsible for enhancing neural activity in the visual cortex contains both vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and somatostatin (SST) neurons (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib5">Fu et al., 2014</xref>). Here, we ask whether this VIP-SST circuit enhances plasticity directly, independent of locomotion and aerobic activity. Optogenetic activation or genetic blockade of this circuit reveals that it is both necessary and sufficient for rapidly increasing V1 cortical responses following manipulation of visual experience in adult mice. These findings reveal a disinhibitory circuit that regulates adult cortical plasticity.

Neural Mechanisms of Music and Language

2019 ◽  
pp. 906-952
Author(s):  
Mattson Ogg ◽  
L. Robert Slevc
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Speaker Identification ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Music And Language ◽  
Cortical Regions

Music and language are uniquely human forms of communication. What neural structures facilitate these abilities? This chapter conducts a review of music and language processing that follows these acoustic signals as they ascend the auditory pathway from the brainstem to auditory cortex and on to more specialized cortical regions. Acoustic, neural, and cognitive mechanisms are identified where processing demands from both domains might overlap, with an eye to examples of experience-dependent cortical plasticity, which are taken as strong evidence for common neural substrates. Following an introduction describing how understanding musical processing informs linguistic or auditory processing more generally, findings regarding the major components (and parallels) of music and language research are reviewed: pitch perception, syntax and harmonic structural processing, semantics, timbre and speaker identification, attending in auditory scenes, and rhythm. Overall, the strongest evidence that currently exists for neural overlap (and cross-domain, experience-dependent plasticity) is in the brainstem, followed by auditory cortex, with evidence and the potential for overlap becoming less apparent as the mechanisms involved in music and speech perception become more specialized and distinct at higher levels of processing.

The Politics of a Memory Wound: Norwegian Exceptionalism and the Trauma of July 22, 2011

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110031
Author(s):  
E. Johanna Hartelius ◽  
Kaitlyn E. Haynal
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
National Imaginary ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Youth Camp ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Dual Case ◽  
Media Event

Following the July 22, 2011, Oslo bombing and shootings at the Utøya youth camp Norway became embroiled in a conflict over commemorative ethics. The memorial initially selected in an international contest, Memory Wound by Jonas Dahlgren, drew opposition from victims’ families and local residents for its severe impact on the natural landscape. Plans for installation were cancelled in 2017. This controversy, we submit, must be contextualized in relation to the Norwegian justice system’s handling of Anders Breivik, the perpetrator whose criminal proceedings were kept relatively secluded. We demonstrate how the design of Memory Wound and the suppression of Breivik’s publicity reflect a symbolic logic traceable to a national imaginary of Norwegian exceptionalism. By interpretively aligning the use of negative space in Memory Wound with the muting of Breivik as a media event, we investigate the prescriptive force of symbols to inculcate world views. Specifically, we attend to the foreclosure of “prosthetic memory,” which through media circulation allows people to engage with memory that is not primarily theirs. We acknowledge the possibility of empathy across difference that Landsberg ascribes to prosthetic memory; however, we insist that the circumstances under which solidarity might be rejected must be considered. With a dual case study, we offer a perspective on enduring assumptions about cultural identity and the rise of rightwing extremism in Northern Europe.

Mutations in the gene encoding pejvakin, a newly identified protein of the afferent auditory pathway, cause DFNB59 auditory neuropathy

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 770-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Delmaghani ◽  
Francisco J del Castillo ◽  
Vincent Michel ◽  
Michel Leibovici ◽  
Asadollah Aghaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Auditory Neuropathy ◽  
Gene Encoding
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document