VALUASI EKONOMI YOUTH CAMP DI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA WAN ABDUL RACHMAN (Tahura WAR)

The study aims at analyzing travel costs, economic valuations, and factors affecting the frequency of tourist visits to Youth Camp in Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park. The research was conducted at the Youth Camp in Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park involving 73 tourist visitors selected by the method of taking moment. Data collection was conducted in November-December 2018. Travel expenses are analyzed by the analysis of travel expenses, economic valuation is calculated using the calculation of travel expenses and consumer surplus and factors that influence the frequency of visitor visits analyzed using regression Poisson. The study shows that the cost of travel borne by visitors to the Youth Camp in Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park amounted to IDR77,188.13 per individual, the highest travel cost was from the cost of consumption and lowest was from the cost of documentation and miscellaneous charges. Factors affecting the frequency of tourist visits to Youth Camp in Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park were cost of travel, income, distance, and facilities. Economic value of the Youth Camp in Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park by using the method of travel costs was IDR1,924,199,.823,454.41.Key words: economic valuation, frequency of visits, travel costs, Youth Camp.

The Politics of a Memory Wound: Norwegian Exceptionalism and the Trauma of July 22, 2011

Following the July 22, 2011, Oslo bombing and shootings at the Utøya youth camp Norway became embroiled in a conflict over commemorative ethics. The memorial initially selected in an international contest, Memory Wound by Jonas Dahlgren, drew opposition from victims’ families and local residents for its severe impact on the natural landscape. Plans for installation were cancelled in 2017. This controversy, we submit, must be contextualized in relation to the Norwegian justice system’s handling of Anders Breivik, the perpetrator whose criminal proceedings were kept relatively secluded. We demonstrate how the design of Memory Wound and the suppression of Breivik’s publicity reflect a symbolic logic traceable to a national imaginary of Norwegian exceptionalism. By interpretively aligning the use of negative space in Memory Wound with the muting of Breivik as a media event, we investigate the prescriptive force of symbols to inculcate world views. Specifically, we attend to the foreclosure of “prosthetic memory,” which through media circulation allows people to engage with memory that is not primarily theirs. We acknowledge the possibility of empathy across difference that Landsberg ascribes to prosthetic memory; however, we insist that the circumstances under which solidarity might be rejected must be considered. With a dual case study, we offer a perspective on enduring assumptions about cultural identity and the rise of rightwing extremism in Northern Europe.

ANALISIS DAMPAK EKONOMI KEGIATAN WISATA YOUTH CAMP DI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA WAN ABDUL RACHMAN (TAHURA WAR)

The main purposes of this research is to find out the characteristic of visitors, local workforces and business owners, the factors that affect the frequency of tourist visits, and to analyze the economic impact caused by the Youth Camp tourism activities. The location for the research is intentionally chosen Youth Camp in Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman. Contributing toward this research consists of 40 visitors, 10 people of local workforce, and 15 business owners. The data for the research were generated in December 2018 to February 2019 and analyzed using methods of descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative. The research findings showed that the Youth Camp visitors’ages range between 17-35 years old, originally came from Lampung Province, and on their final year in SMA or equivalent. Majority of them are students employed with income above IDR2,000,000.00, single and no liabilities responsibilities. The frequency of visitors who came to visit was mostly influenced by the distance, age and well known of the tourism place. The value impact obtained from the value of Keynesian Income Multiplier is 5.33, value of Ratio Income Multiplier Type I is 2.70, and value of Ratio Income Multiplier Type II is 3.83. Key words: economic impact, Keynesian multiplier, Youth Camp

The Image of Late Soviet Pioneer Camp in Russian Mass Culture Works of the 2010s

During the first two decades of the 21st century, an increasing interest of Russian policymakers towards the Soviet past can be recorded, which is reflected in the modern Russian mass culture (movies, literature, music) providing more and more often a fruitful approach to reappraise the role of pioneer camps in the Soviet Union to its people. Based on an example of two significant mass culture products of the 2010s with different languages ‒ Aleksandr Karpilovskiy’s movie “Private Word of a Pioneer 2“ (2015) (rus. “Chastnoe pionerskoe. Ura kanikuly!!!”) and the novel “Food Block“ (2018) (rus. “Pishcheblok”) by Aleksey Ivanov, this article for the first time illustrates the image of two late Soviet pioneer camps “Youth” (1979) and “The Stormy Petrel” (1980) and gives analysis of their features with the help of descriptive-functional and comparative research methods. As a result, the semantics shows that one pioneer camp is a safe place for everyone and another one poses risks and it is more dangerous to be within the camp than outside. While in the “Youth” camp, the teaching staff devotes much attention to health promotion and cultural development of young pioneers, the main purpose of “The Stormy Petrel” is the ideological education. In both cases, we see educational formalism in the work of educators. Children and teenagers of the late Soviet era are seemingly burdened with playing young Leninists. The protagonist in the movie puts his personal goals far above the public interests in his personal hierarchy. By contrast, the protagonist of the novel is seeking for a true community in the pioneer camp and causes rejection and misunderstanding by others. In both late Soviet camps, the value of pioneer attributes (ties and badges) is noticeably decreased. In “Stormy Petrel”, their meaning is even audaciously perverted. Unreserved nostalgia for childhood, dominating in two works, does not prevent their creators to a greater (novel) or lesser (movie) extent to make a critical assessment of the late Soviet pioneer camps. Keywords: Soviet pioneer camp, A. Karpilovskiy “Private Word of a Pioneer 2”, A. Ivanov “Food Block”, late Soviet era, nostalgia, criticism

The International Jewish Youth Camp at Szarvas

The JDC-Lauder International Jewish Youth Camp at Szarvas is perceived today as the single most important Jewish outreach and educational programme in Central and Eastern Europe; it is a key symbol for Eastern European Jewry. This paper emphasises the importance of the Szarvas camp, located some 170 km south-east of Budapest in Hungary, and its impact on the Jewish identity of the Central and Eastern European participants, and by extension on their families and communities. It focuses on the camp’s history and uniqueness, and includes a personal experience on the part of the author, who has participated in the camp and today works as its programme director. It also presents information collected from those who have experienced the impact of the camp on themselves.

Occupational Therapy's Role in Adapting Residential Youth Camps for Increased Inclusion

Each year, summer camps serve more than 11 million youth in the United States (US) (Wilson, Sibthorp, & Brusseau, 2017). Summer camps provide children with new experiences and give them opportunities to build confidence, social skills, and peer relationships (Wilson et al., 2017). Occupational therapy (OT) is an emerging area of practice throughout summer camps in the US (Hanscom & Schoen, 2014). Hanscom and Schoen (2014) recommend strategically combining OT with traditional camp programming to create an emotionally, physically, and spiritually safe environment that promotes optimal attending and task follow through. Summer camp has been shown to enhance positive youth development, as it meets motivational needs and promotes intrinsic engagement (Halsall, Kendellen, Bean, & Forneris, 2016). However, not all youth have an equal opportunity to partake in the experience (Shefter, Uhrman, Tobin, & Kress, 2017). McCarthy (2015) states that two percent of American Camp Association camps exclusively serve youth with special medical needs. Further, only seven percent are inclusive (Hall, Dunlap, Causton-Theoharis, & Theohari, 2019). The purpose of this capstone project is to explore the populations served within a residential youth camp, identify barriers to participation, and recommend adaptations to the environment to promote a more inclusive setting.