scholarly journals Corollary discharge inhibition of wind-sensitive cercal giant interneurons in the singing field cricket

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schöneich ◽  
Berthold Hedwig
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Postsynaptic Inhibition ◽  
Giant Interneurons ◽  
Escape Responses ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Self Stimulation

Crickets carry wind-sensitive mechanoreceptors on their cerci, which, in response to the airflow produced by approaching predators, triggers escape reactions via ascending giant interneurons (GIs). Males also activate their cercal system by air currents generated due to the wing movements underlying sound production. Singing males still respond to external wind stimulation, but are not startled by the self-generated airflow. To investigate how the nervous system discriminates sensory responses to self-generated and external airflow, we intracellularly recorded wind-sensitive afferents and ventral GIs of the cercal escape pathway in fictively singing crickets, a situation lacking any self-stimulation. GI spiking was reduced whenever cercal wind stimulation coincided with singing motor activity. The axonal terminals of cercal afferents showed no indication of presynaptic inhibition during singing. In two ventral GIs, however, a corollary discharge inhibition occurred strictly in phase with the singing motor pattern. Paired intracellular recordings revealed that this inhibition was not mediated by the activity of the previously identified corollary discharge interneuron (CDI) that rhythmically inhibits the auditory pathway during singing. Cercal wind stimulation, however, reduced the spike activity of this CDI by postsynaptic inhibition. Our study reveals how precisely timed corollary discharge inhibition of ventral GIs can prevent self-generated airflow from triggering inadvertent escape responses in singing crickets. The results indicate that the responsiveness of the auditory and wind-sensitive pathway is modulated by distinct CDIs in singing crickets and that the corollary discharge inhibition in the auditory pathway can be attenuated by cercal wind stimulation.

Motor corollary discharge activity and sensory responses related to ventilation in the skate vestibulolateral cerebellum: implications for electrosensory processing

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Hjelmstad ◽  
G Parks ◽  
D Bodznick
Keyword(s):  
Noise Cancellation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Parallel Fiber ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Principal Function ◽  
Raja Erinacea ◽  
Dorsal Nucleus ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Electrosensory Processing

The dorsal granular ridge (DGR) of the elasmobranch vestibulolateral cerebellum is the source of a parallel fiber projection to the electrosensory dorsal nucleus. We report that the DGR in Raja erinacea contains a large percentage of units with activity modulated by the animal's own ventilation. These include propriosensory and electrosensory units, responding to either ventilatory movements or the resulting electroreceptive reafference, and an additional population of units in which activity is phase-locked to the ventilatory motor commands even in animals paralyzed to block all ventilatory movements. A principal function of processing in the dorsal nucleus is the elimination of ventilatory noise in second-order electrosensory neurons. The existence of these ventilatory motor corollary discharge units, along with other DGR units responsive to ventilatory movements, suggests that the parallel fiber projection is involved in the noise cancellation mechanisms.

scholarly journals A novel mechanism for amplification of sensory responses by the amygdala-TRN projections

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Aizenberg ◽  
Solymar Rolon Martinez ◽  
Tuan Pham ◽  
Winnie Rao ◽  
Julie Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Emotional Learning ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Neuropsychological Disorders ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Central Auditory Pathway

AbstractMany forms of behavior require selective amplification of neuronal representations of relevant environmental signals. Following emotional learning, sensory stimuli drive enhanced responses in the sensory cortex. However, the brain circuits that underlie emotionally driven control of the sensory representations remain poorly understood. Here we identify a novel pathway between the basolateral amygdala (BLA), an emotional learning center in the mouse brain, and the inhibitory nucleus of the thalamus (TRN). We demonstrate that activation of this pathway amplifies sound-evoked activity in the central auditory pathway. Optogenetic activation of BLA suppressed spontaneous, but not tone-evoked activity in the auditory cortex (AC), effectively amplifying tone-evoked responses in AC. Anterograde and retrograde viral tracing identified robust BLA projections terminating at TRN. Optogenetic activation of amygdala-TRN pathway mimicked the effect of direct BLA activation, amplifying tone-evoked responses in the auditory thalamus and cortex. The results are explained by a computational model of the thalamocortical circuitry. In our model, activation of TRN by BLA suppresses spontaneous activity in thalamocortical cells, and as a result, thalamocortical neurons are primed to relay relevant sensory input. These results demonstrate a novel circuit mechanism for shining a neural spotlight on behaviorally relevant signals and provide a potential target for treatment of neuropsychological disorders, in which emotional control of sensory processing is disrupted.

scholarly journals Multi-scale mapping along the auditory hierarchy using high-resolution functional UltraSound in the awake ferret

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célian Bimbard ◽  
Charlie Demené ◽  
Constantin Girard ◽  
Susanne Radtke-Schuller ◽  
Shihab Shamma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Sensory Responses

A major challenge in neuroscience is to longitudinally monitor whole brain activity across multiple spatial scales in the same animal. Functional UltraSound (fUS) is an emerging technology that offers images of cerebral blood volume over large brain portions. Here we show for the first time its capability to resolve the functional organization of sensory systems at multiple scales in awake animals, both within structures by precisely mapping sensory responses, and between structures by elucidating the connectivity scheme of top-down projections. We demonstrate that fUS provides stable (over days), yet rapid, highly-resolved 3D tonotopic maps in the auditory pathway of awake ferrets, with unprecedented sharp functional resolution (100μm). This was performed in four different brain regions, including small (1-2mm3 size), subcortical (8mm deep) and previously undescribed structures in the ferret. Furthermore, we used fUS to map longdistance projections from frontal cortex, a key source of sensory response modulation, to auditory cortex.

The Telson Flexor Neuromuscular System of the Crayfish: II. Segment-Specific Differences in Connectivity Between Premotor Neurones and the Motor Giants

1987 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-294
Author(s):  
J. P. C. DUMONT ◽  
J. J. WINE
Keyword(s):  
Excitatory Input ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Neuromuscular System ◽  
Central Command ◽  
Relative Timing ◽  
Postsynaptic Inhibition ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
The Third ◽  
Simultaneous Activation ◽  
Anterior Segments

1. The telson and sixth ganglion of the crayfish contain a fast flexor system that is homologous to that found in anterior segments, but doubled (Dumont & Wine, 1986a). In this paper we document differences in connections to the motor giants (MoGs) in the telson as compared to the MoGs in the anterior five abdominal segments. 2. Unlike their homologues in anterior segments, the telson MoGs receive excitatory input via a trisynaptic pathway that is activated by the escape command axons, the lateral and medial giants (LGs and MGs), and includes the identified corollary discharge interneurones 12 and 13. For 13, at least, the connection to the MoGs is monosynaptic, electrical and rectifying, and is sufficiently strong that simultaneous activation of the two 13s alone fires the telson MoGs. 3. The trisynaptic pathway from the LGs to the telson MoGs is inhibited by central, command-derived, postsynaptic inhibition of the telson MoGs, which typically arrives earlier than the excitation. In experimental preparations, this inhibition can be partially circumvented by stimulating the LGs anywhere anterior to the third abdominal ganglion. This is possible because the polysynaptic excitatory pathway is recruited in the third ganglion, while inhibition is recruited by the LGs locally in the sixth ganglion. Hence the site of impulse initiation in the LG affects the relative timing of excitation and inhibition of the telson MoGs. This arrangement makes it possible, in principle, for the site of impulse initiation in the LG to affect the form of the resulting tailflip. 4. In dissected preparations, LG impulses initiated anterior to the third ganglion fired the telson MoGs in 16 out of 25 experiments, while impulses initiated posteriorly never fired the telson MoGs (nine experiments). 5. Behavioural studies indicate that anterior stimuli which evoke LG activity do not cause activation of the telson MoGs. We suggest that in intact animals inhibition of the telson MoGs is more effective than in physiological preparations. 6. As far as we can tell from available evidence, the 13 input to the telson MoG is never expressed, and therefore cannot be explained in functional terms. We suggest that the differences between the inputs to the MoGs of the telson and of the fourth and fifth ganglia is the incidental result of developmental constraints during evolution.

scholarly journals Tenors Not Sopranos: Bio-Mechanical Constraints on Calling Song Frequencies in the Mediterranean Field-Cricket

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorin Jonsson ◽  
Fernando Montealegre-Z ◽  
Carl D. Soulsbury ◽  
Daniel Robert
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Destructive Interference ◽  
Coupled Resonators ◽  
Mechanical Constraints ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Bush Crickets

Male crickets and their close relatives bush-crickets (Gryllidae and Tettigoniidae, respectively; Orthoptera and Ensifera) attract distant females by producing loud calling songs. In both families, sound is produced by stridulation, the rubbing together of their forewings, whereby the plectrum of one wing is rapidly passed over a serrated file on the opposite wing. The resulting oscillations are amplified by resonating wing regions. A striking difference between Gryllids and Tettigoniids lies in wing morphology and composition of song frequency: Crickets produce mostly low-frequency (2–8 kHz), pure tone signals with highly bilaterally symmetric wings, while bush-crickets use asymmetric wings for high-frequency (10–150 kHz) calls. The evolutionary reasons for this acoustic divergence are unknown. Here, we study the wings of actively stridulating male field-crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) and present vibro-acoustic data suggesting a biophysical restriction to low-frequency song. Using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) and brain-injections of the neuroactivator eserine to elicit singing, we recorded the topography of wing vibrations during active sound production. In freely vibrating wings, each wing region resonated differently. When wings coupled during stridulation, these differences vanished and all wing regions resonated at an identical frequency, that of the narrow-band song (∼5 kHz). However, imperfections in wing-coupling caused phase shifts between both resonators, introducing destructive interference with increasing phase differences. The effect of destructive interference (amplitude reduction) was observed to be minimal at the typical low frequency calls of crickets, and by maintaining the vibration phase difference below 80°. We show that, with the imperfect coupling observed, cricket song production with two symmetric resonators becomes acoustically inefficient above ∼8 kHz. This evidence reveals a bio-mechanical constraint on the production of high-frequency song whilst using two coupled resonators and provides an explanation as to why crickets, unlike bush-crickets, have not evolved to exploit ultrasonic calling songs.

A Corollary Discharge Mechanism Modulates Central Auditory Processing in Singing Crickets

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1528-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F.A. Poulet ◽  
B. Hedwig
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Acoustic Stimulus ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Sound Pulse ◽  
Wing Movement ◽  
Auditory Afferents ◽  
Central Inhibition

Crickets communicate using loud (100 dB SPL) sound signals that could adversely affect their own auditory system. To examine how they cope with this self-generated acoustic stimulation, intracellular recordings were made from auditory afferent neurons and an identified auditory interneuron—the Omega 1 neuron (ON1)—during pharmacologically elicited singing (stridulation). During sonorous stridulation, the auditory afferents and ON1 responded with bursts of spikes to the crickets' own song. When the crickets were stridulating silently, after one wing had been removed, only a few spikes were recorded in the afferents and ON1. Primary afferent depolarizations (PADs) occurred in the terminals of the auditory afferents, and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were apparent in ON1. The PADs and IPSPs were composed of many summed, small-amplitude potentials that occurred at a rate of about 230 Hz. The PADs and the IPSPs started during the closing wing movement and peaked in amplitude during the subsequent opening wing movement. As a consequence, during silent stridulation, ON1's response to acoustic stimuli was maximally inhibited during wing opening. Inhibition coincides with the time when ON1 would otherwise be most strongly excited by self-generated sounds in a sonorously stridulating cricket. The PADs and the IPSPs persisted in fictively stridulating crickets whose ventral nerve cord had been isolated from muscles and sense organs. This strongly suggests that the inhibition of the auditory pathway is the result of a corollary discharge from the stridulation motor network. The central inhibition was mimicked by hyperpolarizing current injection into ON1 while it was responding to a 100 dB SPL sound pulse. This suppressed its spiking response to the acoustic stimulus and maintained its response to subsequent, quieter stimuli. The corollary discharge therefore prevents auditory desensitization in stridulating crickets and allows the animals to respond to external acoustic signals during the production of calling song.

scholarly journals Lesions of abdominal connectives reveal a conserved organization of the calling song central pattern generator (CPG) network in different cricket species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Cheng Lin ◽  
Berthold Hedwig
Keyword(s):  
Central Pattern Generator ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Abdominal Ganglion ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Metathoracic Ganglion ◽  
Singing Activity ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractAlthough crickets move their front wings for sound production, the abdominal ganglia house the network of the singing central pattern generator. We compared the effects of specific lesions to the connectives of the abdominal ganglion chain on calling song activity in four different species of crickets, generating very different pulse patterns in their calling songs. In all species, singing activity was abolished after the connectives between the metathoracic ganglion complex and the first abdominal ganglion A3 were severed. The song structure was lost and males generated only single sound pulses when connectives between A3 and A4 were cut. Severing connectives between A4 and A5 had no effect in the trilling species, it led to an extension of chirps in a chirping species and to a loss of the phrase structure in two Teleogryllus species. Cutting the connectives between A5 and A6 caused no or minor changes in singing activity. In spite of the species-specific pulse patterns of calling songs, our data indicate a conserved organisation of the calling song motor pattern generating network. The generation of pulses is controlled by ganglia A3 and A4 while A4 and A5 provide the timing information for the chirp and/or phrase structure of the song.

A corollary discharge maintains auditory sensitivity during sound production

Nature ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 418 (6900) ◽  
pp. 872-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. A. Poulet ◽  
Berthold Hedwig
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Corollary Discharge ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity
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