Cardiopulmonary-Arterial Baroreceptor Interaction in Control of Blood Pressure

Physiology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Persson ◽  
H Ehmke ◽  
R Kirchheim Hartmut
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptors ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptor

Arterial baroreceptors effectively buffer short-term pressure changes. However, their importance for long-term pressure control appears to be minor. In contrast, cardiopulmonary reflexes cannot sense short-term fluctuations in arterial pressure but may be involved in the long-term regulation. Knowledge of the interaction of both receptor areas may enhance our understanding of blood pressure regulation.

scholarly journals Understanding sex differences in long-term blood pressure regulation: insights from experimental studies and computational modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. H1113-H1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameed Ahmed ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
Jessica Leete ◽  
Anita T. Layton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Key Players

Sex differences in blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension are found in humans and animal models. Moreover, there has been a recent explosion of data concerning sex differences in nitric oxide, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, inflammation, and kidney function. These data have the potential to reveal the mechanisms underlying male-female differences in blood pressure control. To elucidate the interactions among the multitude of physiological processes involved, one may apply computational models. In this review, we describe published computational models that represent key players in blood pressure regulation, and highlight sex-specific models and their findings.

scholarly journals Short‐term blood pressure changes have a more strong impact on stroke and its subtypes than long‐term blood pressure changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 925-933
Author(s):  
Rongrong Guo ◽  
Yanxia Xie ◽  
Jia Zheng ◽  
Yali Wang ◽  
Yue Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pressure Changes

Blood pressure regulation during cardiac autonomic blockade: effect of fitness

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1789-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Smith ◽  
D. L. Hudson ◽  
H. M. Graitzer ◽  
P. B. Raven
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Experimental Conditions

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the autonomic nervous system's control of the heart in fitness-related differences in blood pressure regulation. The cardiovascular responses to progressive lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) were studied during unblocked (control) and full blockade (experimental) conditions in 10 endurance-trained (T) and 10 untrained (UT) men, aged 20-31 yr. The experimental conditions included beta 1-adrenergic blockade (metoprolol tartrate), parasympathetic blockade (atropine sulfate), or complete blockade (metoprolol and atropine). Heart rate, blood pressure, forearm blood flow, and cardiac output were measured at rest and -16 and -40 Torr LBNP. Forearm vascular resistance, peripheral vascular resistance, and stroke volume were calculated from these measurements at each stage of LBNP. Blood pressure was maintained, primarily by augmented vasoconstriction, equally in T and UT subjects during complete and atropine blockade. The fall in systolic and mean pressure from 0 to -40 Torr was greater (P less than 0.05) in the T subjects during the unblocked and metoprolol blockade conditions. This reduced blood pressure control during unblocked condition was attributable to attenuated vaso-constrictor and chronotropic responses in the T subjects. We hypothesize that an autonomic imbalance (elevated base-line parasympathetic activity) in highly trained subjects restricts reflex cardiac responses, which accompanied by an attenuated vasoconstrictor response, results in attenuated blood pressure control during a steady-state hypotensive stress.

Impaired short-term blood pressure regulation and autonomic dysbalance in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Diabetologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2417-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dalla Pozza ◽  
S. Bechtold ◽  
W. Bonfig ◽  
S. Putzker ◽  
R. Kozlik-Feldmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Short Term

Endothelin-B Receptors Play an Important Role in Modulating Chronic Pressure-Natriuresis and Blood Pressure Regulation in Response to Changes in Dietary Sodium Intake.

Hypertension ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 682-682
Author(s):  
Joey P Granger ◽  
Kathy L Cockrell ◽  
Anna N Rinewalt ◽  
Barbara T Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Endothelin System ◽  
Etb Receptor ◽  
Pressure Natriuresis

25 Activation of the ET B receptor by endothelin (ET-1) has been shown to inhibit renal tubule transport, dilate renal microcirculatory vessels, and inhibit renin release. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of ET and ET B receptors in modulating renal-pressure natriuresis and blood pressure regulation in response to changes in dietary Na intake. To test whether the renal production of ET is enhanced in response to elevation in Na intake, the effects of a low (0.4%), normal (1.0%), or high (8%) Na diet on 24hr urinary excretion of ET-1 and mRNA expression of preproendothelin (ribonuclease protection assay) were determined. Increasing Na intake from low to normal levels had no effect on urinary ET-1 excretion or renal expression of preproendothelin. In contrast, increasing Na intake from normal to high levels resulted in significant increases in urinary excretion of ET-1 (7223±968 vs 2127±167 pg/24hrs) and expression of preproendothelin (42.3±6.7 vs 25.4±1.8 densitometric units) in the renal medulla. To test whether ET B receptors play an important role in modulating arterial pressure in response to changes in Na intake, the relationship between arterial pressure and sodium excretion was determined in control rats and in ETB receptor antagonist-treated rats (A-192621, 30mg/kg/day for 7 days). Long-term ET B receptor blockade resulted in a significant rightward shift in the chronic pressure-natriuresis relationship. In control rats on a normal and high Na intake, AP was 122±3 and 132±3mmHg, respectively. In contrast, AP in ETB receptor antagonist-treated rats on a normal and high Na intake was 144±2 and 171±12mmHg, respectively. In summary, we report that the renal endothelin system is upregulated in response to increases in sodium intake. Blockade of the ET B receptors results in significant hypertension that is salt-sensitive. These results indicate that endothelin via ET B receptors plays an important role in modulating renal-pressure natriuresis and blood pressure regulation in response to changes in dietary Na intake.

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