Atrial receptors and renal function

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Goetz ◽  
G. C. Bond ◽  
D. D. Bloxham
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Atrial Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Hemodynamics ◽  
Atrial Receptors

The hypothesis that receptors in the heart or pulmonary vasculature initiate a reflex that influences urine flow was derived from experiments designed to evaluate the effect of mechanical ventilation on renal function. These experiments indicated that urine flow usually decreases during positive-pressure breathing and usually increases during negative-pressure breathing. It was surmised that impulses from certain cardiopulmonary receptors affect the secretion of ADH, which in turn influences urine flow. A subsequent investigation appeared to localize the pertinent receptors to the left atrium, but the results of this particular investigation were influenced by several complication factors that have not been widely appreciated. The apparent localization of volume-regulating recpetors to the left atrium and the accumulating evidence that atrial receptors do respond to changes in atrial pressure or atrial volume triggered a myriad of further studies on the function of left receptors. Nearly all these studies employed indirect techniques that produced changes in systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in addition to changes in left atrial pressure. Nevertheless, it often was assumed that if changes in left pressure were produced, any concomitant changes in circulating ADH or in urine flow were attributable to a reflex elicited from atrial receptors. Mush of the data obtained were interpreted as being compatible with the elft atrial volume-receptor hypothesis, but very liggle of the data pertained to left atrial receptors specifically.

Reflexes elicited by acute stretch of atrial vs. pulmonary receptors in conscious dogs

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (6) ◽  
pp. H1065-H1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Schultz ◽  
D. C. Fater ◽  
W. D. Sundet ◽  
P. G. Geer ◽  
K. L. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature

We measured hemodynamics and renal function in conscious dogs while partially obstructing blood flow at various sites within the thorax. Inflation of a balloon in the left atrium increased left atrial pressure (LAP) by 9 mmHg and caused a parallel increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP); heart rate, arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance increased; stroke volume and right atrial pressure decreased; and cardiac output remained unchanged. The increase in LAP was accompanied by a fourfold increase in urine flow and a threefold increase in sodium excretion. Plasma vasopressin (AVP) and renin activity (PRA) decreased. On the other hand, partial occlusion of the pulmonary veins or the main pulmonary artery produced similar increases in PAP without affecting LAP, systemic hemodynamics, renal function, or plasma AVP. Similarly, inflation of a balloon in the right atrium failed to alter renal function, plasma AVP, or PRA. Finally, constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava decreased LAP and increased PRA. In summary, these data emphasize that inflation of a balloon in the left atrium of the conscious dog produces a composite response consisting of alterations in cardiovascular function, renal function, and circulating hormones. Moreover, our data indicate that the response is mediated by a reflex initiated from receptors located in the left atrium; we detected no evidence that receptors located in the pulmonary vasculature or right heart contribute to this response.

Effects of left atrial stretch in cardiac-denervated and intact conscious dogs

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (6) ◽  
pp. H1056-H1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Fater ◽  
H. D. Schultz ◽  
W. D. Sundet ◽  
J. S. Mapes ◽  
K. L. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Renal Responses

We monitored cardiovascular and renal function in conscious dogs with surgically denervated hearts during two experimental procedures: 1) inflation of a balloon in the left atrium and 2) intravascular volume expansion. The results obtained were compared with results from identical experiments on sham-operated control dogs. Left atrial balloon inflation in the sham-operated dogs produced an increase in left atrial pressure, heart rate, urine flow, and sodium excretion; central venous pressure decreased. These changes were absent in the cardiac-denervated dogs. Infusion of 6% dextran in isotonic saline (16% of estimated blood volume) increased the heart rate significantly in the control dogs but not in the cardiac-denervated dogs; other hemodynamic measurements were comparable in the two groups. Urine flow and sodium excretion increased significantly in both the cardiac-denervated and control dogs; the responses did not differ significantly between the two groups. These experiments demonstrate that inflation of a balloon in the left atrium of a conscious dog elicits diuretic and natriuretic responses that are dependent on intact cardiac neural pathways, presumably specifically dependent on afferent neural impulses from left atrial receptors. On the other hand, an increase in circulating blood volume induced by the intravenous infusion of an isotonic, isoncotic solution elicits diuretic and natriuretic responses in the cardiac-denervated dog that are similar to the renal responses produced in a control dog. Thus, although cardiac receptors are capable of eliciting reflex changes in both hemodynamics and renal function, it is not clear what role they play in mediating the renal responses evoked by increases in blood volume.

Pulmonary congestion enhances responses of lung rapidly adapting receptors to cigarette smoke in rabbit

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 2633-2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ravi ◽  
C. T. Kappagoda ◽  
A. C. Bonham
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrium ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Venous Congestion ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Left Atrial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Congestion ◽  
Stimulation Of

We examined the effects of low-nicotine cigarette smoke, pulmonary venous congestion, and their combination on the activity of rapidly (RAR) and slowly adapting receptors (SAR) in anesthetized rabbits. Pulmonary venous congestion was achieved by inflating a balloon in the left atrium to increase left atrial pressure. We examined smoke effects on RARs (averaged over 15 breaths) at baseline left atrial pressure and at subthreshold and suprathreshold increases in left atrial pressure. At baseline, smoke significantly increased RAR activity from 12.1 +/- 4.2 to 16.2 +/- 4.2 impulses/breath (P < 0.05). At subthreshold increases in left atrial pressure (2.9 +/- 0.6 mmHg), smoke produced larger increases in RAR activity (12.3 +/- 3.3 to 22.5 +/- 4.1 impulses/breath; P < 0.05). Suprathreshold increases in left atrial pressure (9.2 +/- 1.1 mmHg) alone increased RAR activity from 10.9 +/- 3.2 to 19.8 +/- 5.9 impulses/breath (P < 0.05). Smoke had no additional effect (22.3 +/- 4.8 impulses/breath; P > 0.05). There was, however, a transient increase in RAR activity (1st 3 breaths of smoke) under all three conditions. Of nine SARs examined, only two were stimulated by smoke. We conclude that in the rabbit smoke-induced stimulation of RARs is augmented by mild pulmonary venous congestion. of RARs is augmented by mild pulmonary venous congestion.

Effects of atriopeptin infusion versus effects of left atrial stretch in awake dogs

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. R221-R226 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Goetz ◽  
B. C. Wang ◽  
P. G. Geer ◽  
W. D. Sundet ◽  
P. Needleman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamic ◽  
Left Atrial Distension

We infused synthetic atriopeptin III intravenously into 10 conscious dogs while monitoring renal function and systemic hemodynamics. The results obtained from these infusion experiments were compared with results from other experiments in which left atrial distension was performed in the same dogs. Both atriopeptin infusion and left atrial distension caused significant increases in urine flow, sodium excretion, potassium excretion, and free water reabsorption and a significant decrease in renal blood flow. On the other hand, the pattern of systemic hemodynamic responses to atriopeptin infusion were quite different from the hemodynamic responses elicited by left atrial distension. However, there was a striking concordance between the renal effects of atriopeptin and those of left atrial distension. We therefore hypothesize that the renal response to left atrial distension in the conscious dog is mediated largely by the release of natriuretic peptides from the atria.

scholarly journals GW26-e2441 Left atrium appendage orifice area and left atrial volume as predictors for the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (16) ◽  
pp. C263
Author(s):  
Jie-ming Zhu ◽  
Rui-min Dong ◽  
Zhen-da Zheng ◽  
Xu-jing Xie ◽  
Jie Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Atrial Volume ◽  
Orifice Area

P1580Left atrial volume index predicts improvement in renal function after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Usuda ◽  
T Kato ◽  
H Furusho ◽  
H Tokuhisa ◽  
T Tsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Atrial Volume ◽  
Left Atrial Volume Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Recurrence Group

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) increased the risk of development of kidney disease. The elimination of AF by catheter ablation is associated with improvement in renal function. However, the mechanism of cardio-renal interaction in AF has not been fully elucidated. Purpose We tested the hypothesis that left atrial volume index (LAVI), which is a marker of left atrial mechanical reserve, predicts improvement in renal function after restoring sinus rhythm with catheter ablation of AF. Methods We analyzed consecutive patients who underwent catheter ablation of AF from January 2012 to October 2018 and had completed follow-up more than 3 months after catheter ablation. Exclusion criteria were need for hemodialysis and acute hospitalization. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was assessed on admission and at the end of follow-up periods after catheter ablation and the difference was defined as ΔeGFR. Left atrial volume index was derived using the biplane area-length method. Results A total of 159 AF patients (paroxysmal 112 [70%], persistent 47 [30%]) were included in this study. The mean age was 65±11 years and 74% were male. During the mean follow-up period of 7.9±3.2 months, 105 patients (66%) were free from atrial tachyarrhythmias and 54 (34%) experienced the recurrence. Baseline eGFR and LAVI were not significantly different between the non-recurrence group and the recurrence group (71.0±17.4 and 75.1±22.8 mL/min/1.73m2; p=0.24, 35.7±12.5 and 37.9±15.0 ml/m2; p=0.34). ΔeGFR in the non-recurrence group was significantly greater compared with the recurrence group (+1.5±1.0 versus −4.3±1.4 mL/min/1.73m2; p=0.001). Baseline LAVI was negatively correlated with ΔeGFR in the non-recurrence group (r=−0.3; p=0.002; Figure), but not in the recurrence group (p=0.1). Multiple regression analysis in the non-recurrence group identified baseline LAVI (β=−0.35, p<0.001), baseline age (β=−0.31, p<0.001) and baseline eGFR (β=−0.59, p<0.001) as independent predictors for eGFR improvement after catheter ablation. In the patients with LAVI <34 ml/m2, age <70 years and eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73m2, the mean ΔeGFR was +6.3±1.9 mL/min/1.73m2. Figure 1 Conclusions LAVI, a marker of left atrial mechanical reserve, was an independent predictor of improvement in renal function after restoring sinus rhythm with catheter ablation of AF. This observation suggests that AF-related deterioration of renal function is due at least in part to impaired atrial mechanical function.

Effect of acute changes in left atrial pressure on urine flow in unanesthetized dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Lydtin ◽  
William F. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Electromagnetic Flowmeter ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Left Atrial Pressure ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Percentage Increase

The effect of an acute rise in left atrial pressure on urine flow, urine specific gravity, and sodium excretion was studied in chronic preparations with and without anesthesia and at different hydration levels. Left atrial pressure was changed by an exteriorized purse string about the mitral annulus. In 56 of 58 experiments (including each of the above conditions) a transient increase of urine flow was found during atrial distention, accompanied by an increase in sodium excretion and a fall in urine specific gravity. Absolute volume and percentage increase of the diuresis varied directly with the degree of prehydration. Vasopressin infusions modified the response only in prehydrated animals. Arterial pressure and renal blood flow (electromagnetic flowmeter) were increased during atrial distention. At least two mechanisms interplay in the diuretic response: 1) hemodynamic and 2) humoral (ADH or Jahn's "diuretic factor"). The degree of prehydration seems to determine the threshold of the ADH mechanism. Our data speak against homeostatic fluid volume control by stretch receptors in the left atrium or its inflow tract.

Pulmonary neutrophil kinetics in sheep: effects of altered hemodynamics

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1796-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cooper ◽  
R. Bizios ◽  
A. B. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Left Atrial Pressure ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Pulmonary Hemodynamics ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Volume ◽  
Neutrophil Kinetics

We investigated the effect of elevated left atrial pressure and reduced cardiac output on pulmonary neutrophil kinetics in the sheep. Sheep neutrophils were isolated, labeled with 111In-oxine, and reinfused. Erythrocytes were labeled with [99mTc]pertechnetate. A gamma camera measured the lung activities of the labeled neutrophils and erythrocytes. The results indicated that 38.5% of the total injected neutrophils marginated in the lung. Pulmonary hemodynamics were altered by inflating a left atrial balloon three times in each sheep for 15–30 min to achieve 5- to 25-mmHg increments in pulmonary arterial wedge pressure. At least a 30-min recovery period was allowed between inflations. After each left atrial balloon inflation, neutrophil uptake remained unchanged from base line, despite decreased mean cardiac output to 0.67 +/- 0.24 (+/- SD) 1/min and increased pulmonary blood volume. The absence of pulmonary neutrophil uptake was confirmed by arterial-venous measurements. Increased pulmonary blood volume had little effect on lung neutrophil uptake, suggesting that most of the pulmonary neutrophils are marginated. We conclude that the lungs have a large marginated neutrophil pool compared with the circulating pool and that reduced cardiac output and elevated left atrial pressure have no effect on pulmonary neutrophil kinetics in the sheep.

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