scholarly journals What Causes Cancer Gallbladder?: A Review

HPB Surgery ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chaurasia ◽  
M. K. Thakur ◽  
H. S. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gallbladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Common Malignancy

Gallbladder cancer is a common malignancy of the biliary tract. It is the fifth common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract in United States [1] and third in Northern India [2]. Despite such high prevalence, there is scanty published literature about this disease in indexed journals. Therefore, this article is intended to provide a brief overview of gallbladder cancer risk factors, based mainly on published evidence from analytical epidemiology and recent research findings of biologists and practising oncologists. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to establish an association between different causative factors and the occurrence of the disease.

scholarly journals Skin Cancer Risk Factors and Preventative Behaviors among United States Military Veterans Deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (11) ◽  
pp. 2871-2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer G. Powers ◽  
Neelam A. Patel ◽  
Edward M. Powers ◽  
Jonathan E. Mayer ◽  
George P. Stricklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Cancer Risk

scholarly journals Breast cancer risk factors in relation to breast density (United States)

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Titus-Ernstoff ◽  
Anna N. A. Tosteson ◽  
Claudia Kasales ◽  
Julia Weiss ◽  
Martha Goodrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factors

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with mortality of COVID-19 in 3125 counties of the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Tian ◽  
Jingwen Zhang ◽  
Liyuan Hu ◽  
Yukang Jiang ◽  
Congyuan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Local Health ◽  
County Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Background The number of cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the United States has risen sharply since March 2020. A county health ranking and roadmaps program has been established to identify factors associated with disparity in mobility and mortality of COVID-19 in all counties in the United States. Methods To find out the risk factors associated with county-level mortality of COVID-19 with various levels of prevalence, a negative binomial design was applied to the county-level mortality counts of COVID-19 as of August 27, 2020 in the United States. In this design, the infected counties were categorized into three levels of infections using clustering analysis based on time-varying cumulative confirmed cases from March 1 to August 27, 2020. COVID-19 patients were not analyzed individually but were aggregated at the county-level, where the county-level deaths of COVID-19 confirmed by the local health agencies. Results 3125 infected counties were assigned into three classes corresponding to low, median, and high prevalence levels of infection. Several risk factors were significantly associated with the mortality counts of COVID-19, where higher level of air pollution (0.153, P<0.001) increased the mortality in the low prevalence counties and elder individuals were more vulnerable in both the median and high prevalence counties . The segregation between non-Whites and Whites and higher Hispanic population had higher likelihood of risk of the deaths in all infected counties. Conclusions The mortality of COVID-19 depended on sex, race/ethnicity, and outdoor environment. The increasing awareness of the impact of these significant factors may lead to the reduction in the mortality of COVID-19.

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