scholarly journals Re-Examining Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lynn Johnston ◽  
John M Conly
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
First Nations People

In April 2000, the American Thoracic Society published guidelines for targeted tuberculin testing and the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) (1). These guidelines are a joint statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and were endorsed by both the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Similar recommendations were published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America in its guidelines for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) (2). These updated guidelines were developed in recognition of the importance of treating LTBI as one component of eliminating TB in the United States - a goal reiterated in 1999 by the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis (3) - but also realizing the differing risks and benefits of treatment for patients based on their individual risks of developing active disease or drug toxicity (4). The 2000 edition of theCanadian Tuberculosis Standardsprovided similar recommendations for the treatment of LTBI (formerly known as chemoprophylaxis) and reminded us of the two major Canadian TB elimination initiatives: the National Tuberculosis Elimination Strategy (Medical Services Branch, 1992), with the aim of eliminating TB in First Nations people by 2010, and the National Consensus Conference on Tuberculosis (Health Canada, 1997), with an interim goal of a 5% reduction in the number of TB cases each year in Canada (5). Given the recent publication of the American guidelines and the updatedCanadian Tuberculosis Standards(Fifth Edition), it was considered timely to remind readers of the evidence supporting the use of antituberculous chemotherapy in the treatment of latent infection.

scholarly journals Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lewinsohn ◽  
Michael K. Leonard ◽  
Philip A. LoBue ◽  
David L. Cohn ◽  
Charles L. Daley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

Abstract Background. Individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may develop symptoms and signs of disease (tuberculosis disease) or may have no clinical evidence of disease (latent tuberculosis infection [LTBI]). Tuberculosis disease is a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet many questions related to its diagnosis remain. Methods. A task force supported by the American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America searched, selected, and synthesized relevant evidence. The evidence was then used as the basis for recommendations about the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease and LTBI in adults and children. The recommendations were formulated, written, and graded using the Grading, Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results. Twenty-three evidence-based recommendations about diagnostic testing for latent tuberculosis infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis are provided. Six of the recommendations are strong, whereas the remaining 17 are conditional. Conclusions. These guidelines are not intended to impose a standard of care. They provide the basis for rational decisions in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the context of the existing evidence. No guidelines can take into account all of the often compelling unique individual clinical circumstances.

scholarly journals Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. e1-e33 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lewinsohn ◽  
Michael K. Leonard ◽  
Philip A. LoBue ◽  
David L. Cohn ◽  
Charles L. Daley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

Abstract Background. Individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may develop symptoms and signs of disease (tuberculosis disease) or may have no clinical evidence of disease (latent tuberculosis infection [LTBI]). Tuberculosis disease is a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet many questions related to its diagnosis remain. Methods. A task force supported by the American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America searched, selected, and synthesized relevant evidence. The evidence was then used as the basis for recommendations about the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease and LTBI in adults and children. The recommendations were formulated, written, and graded using the Grading, Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results. Twenty-three evidence-based recommendations about diagnostic testing for latent tuberculosis infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis are provided. Six of the recommendations are strong, whereas the remaining 17 are conditional. Conclusions. These guidelines are not intended to impose a standard of care. They provide the basis for rational decisions in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the context of the existing evidence. No guidelines can take into account all of the often compelling unique individual clinical circumstances.

The Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 194 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Mancuso ◽  
Jeffrey M. Diffenderfer ◽  
Bijan J. Ghassemieh ◽  
David J. Horne ◽  
Tzu-Cheg Kao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection

scholarly journals Duration of Exposure Among Close Contacts of Patients With Infectious Tuberculosis and Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1627-1634
Author(s):  
Mary R Reichler ◽  
Awal Khan ◽  
Yan Yuan ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
James McAuley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Ltbi Prevalence ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Positive Index ◽  
Close Contacts

Abstract Background Predictors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among close contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis (TB) are incompletely understood, particularly the number of exposure hours. Methods We prospectively enrolled adult patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB and their close contacts at 9 health departments in the United States and Canada. Patients with TB were interviewed and close contacts were interviewed and screened for TB and LTBI during contact investigations. Results LTBI was diagnosed in 1390 (46%) of 3040 contacts, including 624 (31%) of 2027 US/Canadian-born and 766 (76%) of 1013 non-US/Canadian-born contacts. In multivariable analysis, age ≥5 years, male sex, non-US/Canadian birth, smear-positive index patient, and shared bedroom with an index patient (P < .001 for each), as well as exposure to >1 index patient (P < .05), were associated with LTBI diagnosis. LTBI prevalence increased with increasing exposure duration, with an incremental prevalence increase of 8.2% per 250 exposure hours (P < .0001). For contacts with <250 exposure hours, no difference in prevalence was observed per 50 exposure hours (P = .63). Conclusions Hours of exposure to a patient with infectious TB is an important LTBI predictor, with a possible risk threshold of 250 hours. More exposures, closer exposure proximity, and more extensive index patient disease were additional LTBI predictors.

scholarly journals Association between vitamin D and latent tuberculosis infection in the United States: NHANES, 2011–2012

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 2251-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yi Wang ◽  
Yin-Lan Hu ◽  
Ya-Hui Wang ◽  
Cheng-Hsin Chen ◽  
Chih-Cheng Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection
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