scholarly journals Application of Multiple NIRS Imaging Device to the Exercising Muscle Metabolism

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Miura ◽  
Kevin McCully ◽  
Britton Chance
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a developing technique that measures the balance between muscle oxygen consumption and oxygen supply that is noninvasive and potentially portable. Differential absorption of light in the 600−900 nm region detects the changes in small vessel hemoglobin oxygen saturation and blood volume. Recent developments include the combining of multiple light sources and photodetectors to provide “images” of oxygen saturation and blood volume of wide regions of muscle. Using multiple NIRS imaging device, we monitored localized muscle metabolism during various exercises in the field as well as in the laboratory. In healthy subjects, the regional differences in oxygen saturation and blood volume were detected in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle during a standing plantar flexion exercise, consistent with differences in intramuscular pressure. Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) showed slower recovery for both oxygenation and blood volume after exercise. Treatment for PAD resulted in improvements in NIRS-measured recovery times. In summary, NIRS devices have the ability to detect and monitor impaired muscle circulation. In addition, NIRS devices with multiple channels have the potential to evaluate the regional differences in oxygen status. Multiple NIRS imaging devices have the potential to play an important role in monitoring exercise prescription and clinical uses.

scholarly journals Effects of modified aerobic training on muscle metabolism in individuals with peripheral arterial disease: a randomized clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Pantuso Monteiro ◽  
Giane Amorim Ribeiro-Samora ◽  
Raquel Rodrigues Britto ◽  
Danielle Aparecida Gomes Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to compare the effects on muscle metabolism of two types of aerobic training, with and without a load on the lower limbs, in adults with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). A simple blind randomized clinical trial was conducted using two groups: conventional aerobic (CG) and modified aerobic with a load on the lower limbs (MG). Both groups underwent training by walking three times a week over a 12-week period. The ratings of muscle metabolism were determined after a treadmill test with constant velocity and inclination concomitant with the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Altogether 40 individuals with PAD (CG = 65.45 ± 10.60 and MG = 63.10 ± 10.54) were included in the study. After the intervention, in both groups, there was a reduction in the relative time to recovery (p = 0.002), an improvement in the re-oxygenation rate (p = 0.017), an increased time of resistance after reaching the lowest muscle oxygen saturation (StO2) (p < 0.001), an increase in the distance walked (p < 0.001), and an improvement of the walking economy relative to StO2 (p < 0.001). After 12 weeks of training, an improvement in the deoxygenation rate was observed in both groups (p = 0.002), but with a greater magnitude in the CG (p = 0.017). Only the CG presented an increase in time to reach the lowest StO2 on the treadmill after the intervention (p = 0.010). The traditional aerobic training was superior to the modified training in relation to the improvement of muscle metabolism in patients with PAD.

scholarly journals Micro-Lightguide Spectrophotometry (O2C) for Lower Limb Perfusion: Effects of Exercise Walking in Claudicants

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Thomas Gyldenløve ◽  
Lise P. Jørgensen ◽  
Torben V. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Walking Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Testing ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Background Exercise walking has improved walking capacity in patients with intermittent claudication without affecting the macrocirculation reflected in ankle pressures. We wanted to investigate microcirculation in the skin related to exercise walking by using Micro-Lightguide Spectrophotometry (O2C). Materials and Methods Twenty-eight patients with intermittent claudication—bilateral in 17—were included in a 12 weeks of structured home-based exercise program. The pain-free and maximal walking distances were determined on a treadmill. Saturation and flow, monitored by O2C, were examined immediately before and after the treadmill test. O2C examination took place before as well as after completion of the exercise program. Ankle–brachial index was obtained before treadmill testing. Results As expected, walking performance improved significantly without affecting ankle pressures. Neither oxygen saturation nor flow, assessed at 2 mm depth, was affected following a 12 weeks of exercise program. We observed a significant decrease in oxygen saturation and flow upon treadmill testing in the both limbs in patients with bilateral peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In contrast, the treadmill test elicited no changes in the opposite and asymptomatic limb in patients with only unilateral PAD. Conclusion The findings suggest that O2C may be used to study microcirculatory changes. However, it is best suited for the study of phenomena resulting in major changes as it eliminates some inherent variability.

Near infrared spectroscopy-guided exercise training for claudication in peripheral arterial disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R Murrow ◽  
Jared T Brizendine ◽  
Bill Djire ◽  
Hui-Ju Young ◽  
Stephen Rathbun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Walking Time ◽  
Mitochondrial Capacity

Rationale Supervised treadmill exercise for claudication in peripheral arterial disease is effective but poorly tolerated because of ischemic leg pain. Near infrared spectroscopy allows non-invasive detection of muscle ischemia during exercise, allowing for characterization of tissue perfusion and oxygen utilization during training. Objective We evaluated walking time, muscle blood flow, and muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with peripheral artery disease after a traditional pain-based walking program and after a muscle oxygen-guided walking program. Method and results Patients with peripheral artery disease trained thrice weekly in 40-minute-long sessions for 12 weeks, randomized to oxygen-guided training ( n = 8, age 72 ± 9.7 years, 25% female) versus traditional pain-based training ( n = 10, age 71.6 ± 8.8 years, 20% female). Oxygen-guided training intensity was determined by maintaining a 15% reduction in skeletal muscle oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy rather than relying on symptoms of pain to determine exercise effort. Pain free and maximal walking times were measured with a 12-minute Gardner treadmill test. Gastrocnemius mitochondrial capacity and blood flow were measured using near infrared spectroscopy. Baseline pain-free walking time was similar on a Gardner treadmill test (2.5 ± 0.9 vs. 3.6 ± 1.0 min, p = 0.5). After training, oxygen-guided cohorts improved similar to pain-guided cohorts (pain-free walking time 6.7 ± 0.9 vs. 6.9 ± 1.1 min, p < 0.01 for change from baseline and p = 0.97 between cohorts). Mitochondrial capacity improved in both groups but more so in the pain-guided cohort than in the oxygen-guided cohort (38.8 ± 8.3 vs. 14.0 ± 9.3, p = 0.018). Resting muscle blood flow did not improve significantly in either group with training. Conclusions Oxygen-guided exercise training improves claudication comparable to pain-based training regimens. Adaptations in mitochondrial function rather than increases in limb perfusion may account for functional improvement. Increases in mitochondrial oxidative capacity may be proportional to the degree of tissue hypoxia during exercise.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Smartphone-Based Near-Infrared Optical Imaging Device to Measure Physiological Changes In-Vivo

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacie Kaile ◽  
Anuradha Godavarty
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Noise Removal ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Decomposition Algorithms ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Nir Imaging

Smartphone-based technologies for medical imaging purposes are limited, especially when it involves the measurement of physiological information of the tissues. Herein, a smartphone-based near-infrared (NIR) imaging device was developed to measure physiological changes in tissues across a wide area and without contact. A custom attachment containing multiple multi-wavelength LED light sources (690, 800, and 840 nm; and <4 mW of optical power per LED), source driver, and optical filters and lenses was clipped onto a smartphone that served as the detector during data acquisition. The ability of the device to measure physiological changes was validated via occlusion studies on control subjects. Noise removal techniques using singular value decomposition algorithms effectively removed surface noise and distinctly differentiated the physiological changes in response to occlusion. In the long term, the developed smartphone-based NIR imaging device with capabilities to capture physiological changes will be a great low-cost alternative for clinicians and eventually for patients with chronic ulcers and bed sores, and/or in pre-screening for potential ulcers in diabetic subjects.

Plantar flexion: an effective training for peripheral arterial disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eivind Wang ◽  
Jan Hoff ◽  
Henrik Loe ◽  
Nils Kaehler ◽  
Jan Helgerud
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

scholarly journals Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1582-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti A. Kenjale ◽  
Katherine L. Ham ◽  
Thomas Stabler ◽  
Jennifer L. Robbins ◽  
Johanna L. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
No Production ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
And Function

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results in a failure to adequately supply blood and oxygen (O2) to working tissues and presents as claudication pain during walking. Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is essential for vascular health and function. Plasma nitrite (NO2−) is a marker of vascular NO production but may also be a protected circulating “source” that can be converted to NO during hypoxic conditions, possibly aiding perfusion. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of inorganic nitrate in the form of beetroot (BR) juice would increase plasma NO2−concentration, increase exercise tolerance, and decrease gastrocnemius fractional O2extraction, compared with placebo (PL). This was a randomized, open-label, crossover study. At each visit, subjects ( n = 8) underwent resting blood draws, followed by consumption of 500 ml BR or PL and subsequent blood draws prior to, during, and following a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test. Gastrocnemius oxygenation during the CPX was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. There were no changes from rest for [NO2−] (152 ± 72 nM) following PL. BR increased plasma [NO2−] after 3 h (943 ± 826 nM; P ≤ 0.01). Subjects walked 18% longer before the onset of claudication pain (183 ± 84 s vs. 215 ± 99 s; P ≤ 0.01) and had a 17% longer peak walking time (467 ± 223 s vs. 533 ± 233 s; P ≤ 0.05) following BR vs. PL. Gastrocnemius tissue fractional O2extraction was lower during exercise following BR (7.3 ± 6.2 vs. 10.4 ± 6.1 arbitrary units; P ≤ 0.01). Diastolic blood pressure was lower in the BR group at rest and during CPX testing ( P ≤ 0.05). These findings support the hypothesis that NO2−-related NO signaling increases peripheral tissue oxygenation in areas of hypoxia and increases exercise tolerance in PAD.

Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Physiological Parameters of Muscle Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-dong Ma ◽  
Wan-Chin Chen ◽  
Shu-Min Tsai ◽  
Nai-Wen Kan ◽  
Li-Ling Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Water Based

We compared responses from postmenopausal women living a sedentary lifestyle ( n = 15; Mean age= 59; SD = 4.2) to a single bout of water- or land-based exercise with respect to ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), lactate concentration, and muscle oxygen saturation. Each participant was randomly assigned to a single water- or land-based 50-minute bout of combined aerobic and resistance exercise. Blood samples were collected to detect pre- and post-exercise lactate concentration. Total hemoglobin, deoxidized hemoglobin, and the percentage change in the total oxygen saturation index (TSI%) of the rectus femoris were detected by means of near-infrared spectroscopy. We found similar RPE at various stages of land- and water-based exercise, and a similar change in lactate concentration in these environments (in water: 4.35 ± 1.49 mol/L; on land: 3.62 ± 1.18 mol/L). However, the reduction in HHb response was less pronounced after water-based exercise, and TSI% increased on land but decreased in water, with the magnitude of this change much higher on land. For similar RPE and lactate concentration, the oxygen saturation in the exercising muscles decreased in water, suggesting higher oxygen consumption in water than on land.

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