scholarly journals Prenatal Screening for HIV in Nova Scotia: Survey of Postpartum Women and Audit of Current Prenatal Screening Practices

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Downing ◽  
Laura Youden ◽  
Beth A Halperin ◽  
Heather Scott ◽  
Bruce Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Screening Practices ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Group B ◽  
Study Participants

BACKGROUND:Current guidelines for screening for HIV infections in Nova Scotia recommend an opt-in approach in which patients are counselled and consent to testing. The objectives of the present study were to measure adherence to these recommendations, to explore women's knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours concerning HIV screening, and to compare these results with prenatal screening practices for rubella, hepatitis B and group B streptococcus.METHODS:All women who gave birth consecutively during a seven-week period were recruited. Study participants were interviewed to determine their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs concerning prenatal screening. Hospital and laboratory records were reviewed for information concerning prenatal screening and perinatal treatment to audit screening practices.RESULTS:A total of 279 patients were enrolled in the study, representing 58% of those eligible. The HIV screening rate was 72%, compared with 95% for rubella, 89% for hepatitis B and 24% for group B streptococcus. Of the participants tested for HIV, 80% were aware of being tested. Of all the study participants, 17% indicated having received pretest counselling about HIV, 56% volunteered to be tested for HIV, 78% received the test results, and 3.8% received post-test counselling. More participants preferred an opt-out approach to HIV screening (50%), where testing is routinely performed on everyone, rather than the opt-in approach (43%). Participants displayed a similar preference for screening for the other infections.INTERPRETATION:HIV prenatal testing rates in Nova Scotia are comparable with those of other provinces that recommend an opt-in approach, but are lower than testing rates for opt-out programs. Most study participants were not screened using the recommended opt-in approach.

scholarly journals Lotus Birth: A Case Series Report on Umbilical Nonseverance

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly K. Monroe ◽  
Alexandra Rubin ◽  
Kerry P. Mychaliska ◽  
Maria Skoczylas ◽  
Heather L. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Case Series Report ◽  
Group B ◽  
Series Report

Lotus birth is the practice of leaving the umbilical cord uncut until separation occurs naturally. Our case series report describes delivery characteristics, neonatal clinical course, cord and placenta management, maternal reasons for a lotus birth, and desire for future lotus births. Between April 2014 and January 2017, six lotus births occurred. Mothers (four of the six) were contacted by phone after giving birth. A chart review was completed on each patient to evaluate if erythromycin ointment, hepatitis B vaccine, and vitamin K (intramuscular or oral) were administered, treatment of the placenta, maternal group B streptococcus status, postnatal infant fevers, infant hemoglobin or hematocrit levels, jaundice requiring phototherapy, and infant readmissions. Three of the six families decided to cut the cord before hospital discharge. No infections were noted. All contacted mothers would elect for a lotus birth again (4/6). One hepatitis B vaccine was given; all others declined perinatal immunization.

scholarly journals Comparative study of Revogene GBS LB Assay and GeneXpert GBS LB Assay for the detection of Group B Streptococcus in prenatal screening samples.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsokyi Choera ◽  
Brittney Jung-Hynes ◽  
Derrick J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Group B Streptococcal (GBS) infections in the United States are a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis in newborns. The CDC, therefore recommends GBS screening for all pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation and administration of intrapartum prophylaxis (in those that tested positive) as an effective means of controlling disease transmission. Several FDA approved molecular diagnostic tests are available for rapid and accurate detection of GBS in antepartum women. Method: In this study, we report a clinical comparison of the Xpert GBS LB assay and a novel FDA-cleared test, Revogene GBS LB assay. A total of 250 vaginal-rectal swabs from women undergoing prenatal screening were submitted to the University of Wisconsin’s clinical microbiology laboratory for GBS testing. Results: We found 96.8% of samples were concordant between the two tests, while 3.2% were discordant with a positive percent agreement of 98.0% and a negative percent agreement of 96.5% between the Revogene GBS LB assay and the GeneXpert GBS LB assay. Conclusion: Overall, we report that both assays perform well for the detection of GBS colonization in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Group B Streptococcus Isolates from Prenatal Screening Samples: TABLE 1

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 3499-3500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Berg ◽  
Jeana L. Houseman ◽  
Zachary E. terSteeg ◽  
William D. LeBar ◽  
Duane W. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibilities ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Comparative study of Revogene GBS LB Assay and GeneXpert GBS LB Assay for the detection of Group B Streptococcus in prenatal screening samples.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsokyi Choera(Former Corresponding Author) ◽  
Brittney Jung-Hynes ◽  
Derrick J. Chen(New Corresponding Author)
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Group B Streptococcal (GBS) infections in the United States are a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis in newborns. The CDC, therefore recommends GBS screening for all pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation and administration of intrapartum prophylaxis (in those that tested positive) as an effective means of controlling disease transmission. Several FDA approved molecular diagnostic tests are available for rapid and accurate detection of GBS in antepartum women. Method: In this study, we report a clinical comparison of the Xpert GBS LB assay and a novel FDA-cleared test, Revogene GBS LB assay. A total of 250 vaginal-rectal swabs from women undergoing prenatal screening were submitted to the University of Wisconsin’s clinical microbiology laboratory for GBS testing. Results: We found 96.8% of samples were concordant between the two tests, while 3.2% were discordant with a positive percent agreement of 98.0% and a negative percent agreement of 96.5% between the Revogene GBS LB assay and the GeneXpert GBS LB assay. Conclusion: Overall, we report that both assays perform well for the detection of GBS colonization in pregnant women.

scholarly journals PerinatalStreptococcus agalactiaeEpidemiology and Surveillance Targets

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy L. Furfaro ◽  
Barbara J. Chang ◽  
Matthew S. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Screening Practices ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
The World ◽  
Group B ◽  
Current Screening

SUMMARYStreptococcus agalactiae, or group B streptococcus (GBS), is a major neonatal pathogen. Recent data have elucidated the global prevalence of maternal and neonatal colonization, but gaps still remain in the epidemiology of this species. A number of phenotypic and genotypic classifications can be used to identify the diversity of GBS strains, and some are more discriminatory than others. This review explores the main schemes used for GBS epidemiology and further details the targets for epidemiological surveillance. Current screening practices across the world provide a unique opportunity to gain detailed information on maternal colonizing strains and neonatal disease-causing strains, which is vital for monitoring and therapeutics, if sufficient detail can be extracted. Deciphering which isolates are circulating within specific populations and recording targets within invasive strains are crucial steps in monitoring the implementation of therapeutics, such as vaccines, as well as developing novel therapies against prevalent GBS strains. Having a detailed understanding of global GBS epidemiology will prove invaluable for understanding the pathogenesis of this organism and equipping future prevention strategies for success.

Prenatal screening for group B Streptococcus

1995 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 842-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Mercer ◽  
Risa D. Ramsey ◽  
Baha M. Sibai
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Group B
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