COVID-19 Pandemic and Maternal Psychological Wellbeing During the Malaysian Movement Control Order: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in nationwide lockdown as a disease control measure. Potential harm to self and baby due to COVID-19 infection as well as uncertainties about delivery are among contributors to maternal anxiety. We aimed to assess the prevalence of psychological distress among pregnant women during the Malaysian Movement Control Order (MCO).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2020 in a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A self-administered electronic questionnaire was distributed which included the following; (1) Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS 21), (2) Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS), (3) MCO effect questionnaire, and (4) newly designed COVID-19 pregnancy-related anxiety. Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to determine significant associations whilst mean scores comparison were conducted through Mann-Whitney-U-test.Results: Four hundred and fifteen women were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of psychological distress among our cohort was 14.7%; with a two-fold increase of risk among the non-Malays (AOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.00–3.89) whilst a greater number of social support showed a protective effect (AOR 0.51, 95%CI 0.28–0.92). Malay ethnicity (p < 0.001) alongside greater household income (p = 0.014) were positive predictors of a higher sense of maternal wellbeing. Multiparous women and those of higher economic status experienced the more negative effect of the MCO. Around 88% of our women reported a higher level of COVID-19 pregnancy-related anxiety. Younger (p = 0.017) and first-time mothers (p = 0.039) were more likely to be anxious. Although adequate maternal knowledge on COVID-19 was associated with a greater sense of maternal wellbeing (p = 0.028), it was also linked to a higher level of COVID-19 related anxiety (AOR 3.54, 95% 1.29–9.70).Conclusion: There was a relatively low prevalence of psychological distress among expectant mothers in Malaysia during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Expectant mothers should receive accurate and reliable information on the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy to relieve some maternal anxiety. Maternal health screening is important to identify individuals who would benefit from extra support and mental health intervention, especially in prolonged lockdown.

Hubungan Dukungan Sosial dan Pemberitaan Media dengan Kecemasan Ibu Menjalani Kehamilan Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Kota Medan Tahun 2020

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is one indicator to see the success of maternal health efforts. Since WHO officially declared the corona virus outbreak (COVID-19) as a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has hit almost all countries in the world and has an impact on various health and non-health sectors. It is undeniable that this condition will cause maternal anxiety during pregnancy. The sampling technique in this study was carried out by the quota sampling technique. Analyzed by chi-square test. The results of the study on the relationship between social support and maternal anxiety during pregnancy showed that there was a relationship between social support and maternal anxiety during pregnancy (p value 0.003) with an OR of 3.187 which means that pregnant women with good social support have an estimated chance of 3.187 times experiencing mild anxiety levels. compared to pregnant women with less social support. In addition, the results of the study show that there is a relationship between media coverage and maternal anxiety during pregnancy (p value < 0.001) with an OR of 4.56 which means that pregnant women who are exposed to positive media coverage have an estimated 4.56 times chance of experiencing mild anxiety levels compared to those who are exposed to positive media coverage. pregnant women with negative media coverage. It can be concluded that social support and media coverage have been shown to be associated with maternal anxiety during pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended for health workers to be able to adapt to health services that are adapted to health protocols that focus on efforts to promote health, prevent disease and empower pregnant women. Although visits to health facilities are only prioritized for pregnant women who have problems, health workers are still required to be able to innovate in developing education for pregnant women with various media that can be reached by all pregnant women.

EFEKTIVITAS KONSELING POSITIF MENTAL TIME TRAVEL UNTUK MENGURANGI KECEMASAN IBU DALAM MENGHADAPI MENOPAUSE DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS JEMBATAN KECIL

Menopause is a process of transition from a productive period to a non-productive period. This period affects the psychological aspect, reminding him that he will grow old because his reproductive organs are no longer functioning and worries about other things that may arise accompanying the end of his reproductive period. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of positive mental time travel counseling to reduce maternal anxiety in dealing with menopause in the working area of ??the Small Bridge Public Health Center. This type of research is true experiments with a posttest-only control design approach. The population of this study were all mothers aged 40-50 years. The sample in this study were 96 people, 48 experimental groups and 48 control groups. The sampling technique was accidental sampling where the sample in the study was mothers aged 40-50 years who were in the area of ??the Small Bridge Health Center. The analysis technique taken is the Paired e t-test statistical test. Univariate results, namely the average anxiety of mothers in dealing with menopause in the group given positive mental time travel counseling is 10.19. The average maternal anxiety in dealing with menopause in the group that was not given positive mental time travel counseling was 19.29. The results of the bivariate analysis obtained a p-value of 0.000 <0.005. It was concluded that positive mental time travel counseling was effective in reducing maternal anxiety in dealing with menopause in the working area of ??the Small Bridge Public Health Center. It is hoped that positive mental time travel counseling can be used as an effort to improve psychological conditions for a good quality of life for postmenopausal women.

ANALISIS PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN COVID-19 DENGAN KECEMASAN IBU MEMBAWA BAYI IMUNISASI DI KLINIK PRATAMA NINING PELAWATI

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has an impact on health and health services, one of which is maternal anxiety in bringing babies for immunization, immunization is a specific passive effort (inserting bacterial or viral antigens of diseases that have been weakened or killed into the body to form antibodies (immune substances) against a disease. Due to immunization there is a decrease in immunization coverage. This study uses an analytical descriptive research design to analyze Knowledge About Prevention of the Spread of Covid-19 With Anxiety of Mothers Carrying Immunized Babies at the Pratama Nining Pelawati Clinic. The population in this study was all 35 mothers who have babies visited the nining clinic. The sample was taken using total sampling. The results showed that the majority of respondents had less knowledge about preventing the spread of Covid-19 when carrying immunized babies, namely 20 respondents (57 ,1%), 19 respondents (54.3%) respondents had severe anxiety when carrying immunized babies. statistical test, it can be seen that there is a relationship between knowledge about the prevention of the spread of Covid-19 and the anxiety of mothers carrying baby immunizations at the Nining Pelawati Pratama Clinic with p = 0.005 (p <0.05). It is hoped that midwives will cooperate with the COVID-19 task force in spreading correct information about the spread of COVID-19.

The Impact of Maternal Anxiety on Early Child Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Maternal prenatal anxiety is among important public health issues as it may affect child development. However, there are not enough studies to examine the impact of a mother's anxiety on the child's early development, especially up to 1 year.Objective: The present prospective cohort study aimed to examine whether maternal trait anxiety, perceived social support, and COVID-19 related fear impacted speech-language, sensory-motor, and socio-emotional development in 12 months old Serbian infants during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This follow-up study included 142 pregnant women (Time 1) and their children at 12 months (Time 2). Antenatal maternal anxiety and children's development were examined. Maternal anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Child speech-language, sensory-motor, and socio-emotional development were assessed using the developmental scale in the form of an online questionnaire that examined the early psychophysiological child development. Information on socioeconomic factors, child and maternal demographics, clinical factors, and perceived fear of COVID-19 viral infection were collected. Multivariable General Linear Model analysis was conducted, adjusted for demographic, clinical, and coronavirus prenatal experiences, maternal prenatal anxiety levels, perceived social support, speech-language, motor skills, and cognitive and socio-emotional development at the infants' age of 12 months.Results: The study revealed the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal trait anxiety. The association between selected independent factors and infants' development was found in a demographically unified sample except for employment and the number of children. There was a correlation between all observed developmental functions. Univariate General Linear model statistical analysis indicated that linear models with selected independent factors and covariates could account for 30.9% (Cognition) up to 40.6% (Speech-language) of variability in developmental functions. It turned out that two-way and three-way interactions had a dominant role on models, and STAI-T Level and COVID-19 related fear were present in all interaction terms.Conclusion: Our findings reveal important determinants of child developmental outcomes and underline the impact of maternal anxiety on early child development. These findings lay the groundwork for the following interdisciplinary research on pregnancy and child development to facilitate and achieve positive developmental outcomes and maternal mental health.

Knowledge Relationship with Maternal Anxiety in Breastfeeding Babies during the Covid-19 Pandemic at UPTD Puskesmas Bawomataluo in 2021

Breast milk is the main food source for babies who contain a variety of vitamins, proteins, and fats. However, with the increase in the Covid-19 pandemic, many mothers do not breastfeed their babies, because they are worried that their babies will contract the Covid-19 virus. This is due to the lack of information obtained by mothers, that the Covid-19 virus cannot be transmitted through breast milk. This study aims to find out the relationship of knowledge with maternal anxiety in breastfeeding in infants during the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of quantitative research with an analytical descriptive approach, conducted at UPTD Bawomataluo, November to December 2021. A population of 61 nursing mothers, a large determination of the total sampling sample. Univariate data analysis and bivariate analysis, Chi-Square test, a significant level of 0.05. The majority of respondents had less knowledge than 43 respondents (70.2%). The majority of respondents had a severe anxiety level of 31 respondents (50.8%). The results of bivariate analysis of knowledge relationship and anxiety level obtained value p-value = 0.000 < = 0.05. Concluded, it can be concluded that there is a meaningful relationship between the level of knowledge and anxiety levels of breastfeeding mothers in the Covid-19 pandemic.

Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on Maternal Anxiety and Depression States at the Neonatal ICU: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objectives. To determine the effect of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on anxiety and depression of mothers of low-birth-weight neonates during the immediate newborn period. Method. Eligible participants were mothers of low-birth-weight infants (birth weight ≤2500 grams) admitted at a tertiary hospital's neonatal intensive care unit. Mothers were instructed on providing KMC daily to their infants during the study period (first seven days of life). Main Outcome Measure(s). The primary study outcome was the effect of KMC in improving maternal anxiety and depression scores in the immediate postpartum period using the locally validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Pilipino (HADS/HADS-P). Results. A total of 171 mothers were enrolled in the study. Only 79 mothers provided KMC, and the rest (92) did not provide KMC. The anxiety and depression scores improved significantly from day 1 to 7 postpartum in both groups (p<0.05). Frequency of mothers categorized as having severe anxiety significantly decreased over time whether they provided KMC or not (KMC: 40.5%, 13.9%, 7.6% at Day 1 and 7 postpartum and day of discharge; No KMC: 35.9% and 27.2% at Day 1 and Day 7 postpartum). There was a significant reduction in the percentage of mothers categorized in the depressed group from Day 1 to Day 7 postpartum, among those who rendered KMC compared with those who did not (KMC: 7.6%, 2.5%, 0% at Day 1 and 7 postpartum and at the day of discharge vs. No KMC: 7.6% and 10.9% at Day 1 and 7 postpartum). There were no significant differences in the anxiety and depression scores at any period between mothers who rendered KMC > 6 hours and KMC ≤ 6 hours/day. Conclusion. Anxiety and depression scores significantly decreased over time in both mothers who rendered and did not render KMC to their infants. However, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of mothers categorized as having severe depression over time among those who rendered KMC compared to those who did not. Other factors aside from KMC may affect the maternal anxiety and depression states, such as instability of the infant.