scholarly journals Detection of Fastidious Vaginal Bacteria in Women with HIV Infection and Bacterial Vaginosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Mitchell ◽  
Carla Moreira ◽  
David Fredricks ◽  
Kathleen Paul ◽  
Angela M. Caliendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Crispatus ◽  
Vaginal Ph ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Cervicovaginal Lavage ◽  
Hiv 1

Background. Fastidious bacteria have been associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) using PCR methods. We assessed the prevalence of these bacteria in HIV-1 infected women and their relationship with vaginal pH and shedding of HIV-1 RNA.Methods. 64 cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples were collected from 51 women. Vaginal microbiota were characterized using 8 bacterium-specific quantitative PCR assays.Results. Women with the fastidious bacteria Bacterial Vaginosis Associated Bacterium (BVAB) 1, 2, and 3 showed a trend to increased HIV-1 shedding (OR 2.59–3.07,P=.14–.17). Absence ofLactobacillus crispatus(P<.005) and presence of BVAB2 (P<.001) were associated with elevated vaginal pH. BVAB1, 2, and 3 were highly specific indicators of BV in HIV-infected women, with specificities of 89%–93%.Conclusions. Fastidious bacteria (BVAB 1, 2, and 3) remain specific indicators of BV in HIV-infected women, and BVAB2 may contribute to the elevated vaginal pH that is a hallmark of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Enhanced Trapping of HIV-1 by Human Cervicovaginal Mucus Is Associated with Lactobacillus crispatus-Dominant Microbiota

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenetta L. Nunn ◽  
Ying-Ying Wang ◽  
Dimple Harit ◽  
Michael S. Humphrys ◽  
Bing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Lactobacillus Crispatus ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Cervicovaginal Mucus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTCervicovaginal mucus (CVM) can provide a barrier that precludes HIV and other sexually transmitted virions from reaching target cells in the vaginal epithelium, thereby preventing or reducing infections. However, the barrier properties of CVM differ from woman to woman, and the causes of these variations are not yet well understood. Using high-resolution particle tracking of fluorescent HIV-1 pseudoviruses, we found that neither pH nor Nugent scores nor total lactic acid levels correlated significantly with virus trapping in unmodified CVM from diverse donors. Surprisingly, HIV-1 was generally trapped in CVM with relatively high concentrations ofd-lactic acid and aLactobacillus crispatus-dominant microbiota. In contrast, a substantial fraction of HIV-1 virions diffused rapidly through CVM with low concentrations ofd-lactic acid that had aLactobacillus iners-dominant microbiota or significant amounts ofGardnerella vaginalis, a bacterium associated with bacterial vaginosis. Our results demonstrate that the vaginal microbiota, including specific species ofLactobacillus, can alter the diffusional barrier properties of CVM against HIV and likely other sexually transmitted viruses and that these microbiota-associated changes may account in part for the elevated risks of HIV acquisition linked to bacterial vaginosis or intermediate vaginal microbiota.IMPORTANCEVariations in the vaginal microbiota, especially shifts away fromLactobacillus-dominant microbiota, are associated with differential risks of acquiring HIV or other sexually transmitted infections. However, emerging evidence suggests thatLactobacillus inersfrequently colonizes women with recurring bacterial vaginosis, raising the possibility thatL. inersmay not be as protective as otherLactobacillusspecies. Our study was designed to improve understanding of how the cervicovaginal mucus barrier against HIV may vary between women along with the vaginal microbiota and led to the finding that the vaginal microbiota, including specific species ofLactobacillus, can directly alter the diffusional barrier properties of cervicovaginal mucus. This work advances our understanding of the complex barrier properties of mucus and highlights the differential protective ability of different species ofLactobacillus, withLactobacillus crispatusand possibly other species playing a key role in protection against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. These findings could lead to the development of novel strategies to protect women against HIV.

scholarly journals Associations of the vaginal microbiota with HIV infection, bacterial vaginosis, and demographic factors

AIDS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Chehoud ◽  
Daniel J. Stieh ◽  
Aubrey G. Bailey ◽  
Alice L. Laughlin ◽  
Shannon A. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota

scholarly journals Novel PCR-Based Methods Enhance Characterization of Vaginal Microbiota in a Bacterial Vaginosis Patient before and after Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 4181-4185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet A. Lambert ◽  
Apoorv Kalra ◽  
Cristina T. Dodge ◽  
Susan John ◽  
Jack D. Sobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Generation Sequencing

ABSTRACTDeep characterization, even by next-generation sequencing, of the vaginal microbiota in healthy women or posttreatment bacterial vaginosis patients is limited by the dominance of lactobacilli. To improve detection, we offer two approaches: quantitative PCR (qPCR) using phylogenetic branch-inclusive primers and sequencing of broad-spectrum amplicons generated with oligomers that block amplification of lactobacilli.

scholarly journals Matrix Metalloproteinases Expressed in Response to Bacterial Vaginosis Disrupt the Endocervical Epithelium, Increasing Transmigration of HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle D. Cherne ◽  
Amy L. Cole ◽  
Lisa Newberry ◽  
Mary Schmidt-Owens ◽  
Michael Deichen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Host Matrix ◽  
Mmp Inhibitor ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a disorder of the female reproductive tract (FRT) in which a healthy Lactobacillus-dominant microflora is replaced by BV-associated bacteria (BVAB), can significantly increase the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Discerning the effect of BV on the mucosal epithelium of the FRT may yield novel preventatives and therapeutics for HIV infection. Here, we investigated barrier dysfunction of the endocervix by host-derived factors, secreted in response to BV, as a potential cause of HIV infection. Using a polarized endocervical cell culture system, we determined that conditioned media (CM) from endocervical cells cocultured with BVAB (endocervical+BVAB CM), as well as cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) from women with BV, disrupted epithelial polarization. We assessed host matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as the BV-associated secreted factors which disrupt the endocervical epithelium. MMPs were overexpressed in endocervical+BVAB CM and CVF from women with BV and were capable of disrupting endocervical epithelial polarization. When we cocultured polarized endocervical cells with HIV-1-infected lymphocyte-derived cells, we discovered endocervical+BVAB CM and MMPs significantly increased the transmigration of virus through the epithelium, and treatment with an MMP inhibitor decreased these effects. When we examined the effect of CVF on HIV-1 transmigration through endocervical epithelium, we demonstrated that CVF samples with greater concentrations of BV-associated MMPs increased viral transmigration. Our results suggest MMPs increase HIV-1 infection by disrupting the endocervical epithelium, permitting transmigration of virus through the epithelium to infect underlying target cells.

scholarly journals Application of Quantitative-PCR to Monitor Netpen Sites in British Columbia (Canada) for Tenacibaculum Species

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Nowlan ◽  
Scott R. Britney ◽  
John S. Lumsden ◽  
Spencer Russell
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
Dead Fish ◽  
Pcr Assays

Tenacibaculum are frequently detected from fish with tenacibaculosis at aquaculture sites; however, information on the ecology of these bacteria is sparse. Quantitative-PCR assays were used to detect T. maritimum and T. dicentrarchi at commercial Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) netpen sites throughout several tenacibaculosis outbreaks. T. dicentrarchi and T. maritimum were identified in live fish, dead fish, other organisms associated with netpens, water samples and on inanimate substrates, which indicates a ubiquitous distribution around stocked netpen sites. Before an outbreak, T. dicentrarchi was found throughout the environment and from fish, and T. maritimum was infrequently identified. During an outbreak, increases in the bacterial load in were recorded and no differences were recorded after an outbreak supporting the observed recrudescence of mouthrot. More bacteria were recorded in the summer months, with more mortality events and antibiotic treatments, indicating that seasonality may influence tenacibaculosis; however, outbreaks occurred in both seasons. Relationships were identified between fish mortalities and antimicrobial use to water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen) (p < 0.05), but with low R2 values (<0.25), other variables are also involved. Furthermore, Tenacibaculum species appear to have a ubiquitous spatial and temporal distribution around stocked netpen sites, and with the potential to induce disease in Atlantic salmon, continued research is needed.

Triplex digital PCR assays for the quantification of intact proviral HIV-1 DNA

Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem van Snippenberg ◽  
David Gleerup ◽  
Sofie Rutsaert ◽  
Linos Vandekerckhove ◽  
Ward de Spiegelaere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Integrated analysis of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA profiles reveals potential lncRNA functions during early HIV infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianwei Ma ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Minghui An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Target Mrnas ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mirna Sequencing ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate gene expression in a cis-regulatory fashion or as “microRNA sponges”. However, the expression and functions of lncRNAs during early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (EHI) remain unclear. Methods 3 HAART-naive EHI patients and 3 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study to perform RNA sequencing and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. The expression profiles of lncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs were obtained, and the potential roles of lncRNAs were analysed based on discovering lncRNA cis-regulatory target mRNAs and constructing lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on 175 lncRNA-associated differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs to investigate the potential functions of DE lncRNAs in ceRNA networks. Results A total of 242 lncRNAs, 1240 mRNAs and 21 mature known miRNAs were determined as differentially expressed genes in HAART-naive EHI patients compared to HCs. Among DE lncRNAs, 44 lncRNAs were predicted to overlap with 41 target mRNAs, and 107 lncRNAs might regulate their nearby DE mRNAs. Two DE lncRNAs might regulate their cis-regulatory target mRNAs BTLA and ZAP70, respectively, which were associated with immune activation. In addition, the ceRNA networks comprised 160 DE lncRNAs, 21 DE miRNAs and 175 DE mRNAs. Seventeen DE lncRNAs were predicted to regulate HIF1A and TCF7L2, which are involved in the process of HIV-1 replication. Twenty DE lncRNAs might share miRNA response elements (MREs) with FOS, FOSB and JUN, which are associated with both immune activation and HIV-1 replication. Conclusions This study revealed that lncRNAs might play a critical role in HIV-1 replication and immune activation during EHI. These novel findings are helpful for understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV infection and provide new insights into antiviral therapy.

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