scholarly journals Optical, XPS and XRD Studies of Semiconducting Copper Sulfide Layers on a Polyamide Film

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Krylova ◽  
Mindaugas Andrulevičius
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Studies ◽  
Polyamide Film ◽  
Indirect Band Gap ◽  
Xrd Method

Copper sulfide layers were formed on polyamide PA 6 surface using the sorption-diffusion method. Polymer samples were immersed for 4 and 5 h in 0.15 mol⋅  solutions and acidified with HCl (0.1 mol⋅) at . After washing and drying, the samples were treated with Cu(I) salt solution. The samples were studied by UV/VIS, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. All methods confirmed that on the surface of the polyamide film a layer of copper sulfide was formed. The copper sulfide layers are indirect band-gap semiconductors. The values of are 1.25 and 1.3 eV for 4 h and 5 h sulfured PA 6 respectively. Copper XPS spectra analyses showed Cu(I) bonds only in deeper layers of the formed film, while in sulfur XPS S 2p spectra dominating sulfide bonds were found after cleaning the surface with ions. It has been established by the XRD method that, beside , the layer contains as well. For PA 6 initially sulfured 4 h, grain size forchalcocite, , was  nm and fordjurleite, , it was 54.17 nm. The sheet resistance of the obtained layer varies from 6300 to 102 .

Surface Characterization of Carbon-Bearing Magnetite (CBM) and Carbon-Bearing Ni(II)-Ferrite (CBNF)

1994 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sano ◽  
K. Akanuma ◽  
M. Tsuji ◽  
Y. Tamaura
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractOxygen-deficient magnetite (ODM; Fe3O4-δ, δ>0) synthesized by reduction of magnetite with H2 at 300°C decomposed CO2 to carbon with an efficiency of nearly 100% at 300°C. In this reaction, two oxygen ions of the CO2 were incorporated into the spinel structure of ODM and carbon was deposited on the surface of ODM with zero valence to form visible particles. The particles of carbon separated from ODM were studied by Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray and wave-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies. The carbon which had been deposited on the ODM was found to be a mixture of graphite and amorphous carbon in at least two levels of crystallization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns of the carbon-bearing magnetite (CBM) showed no indication of carbide (Fe3C) or metallic iron (α-Fe) phase formation. In the C 1s XPS spectra of the CBM, no peaks were observed which could be assigned to CO2 or CO. X-ray diffractometry, chemical analysis and TG-MS measurement showed that the carbon-bearing Ni(II)-ferrite (CBNF) (Ni(II)/Fetotal = 0.15) synthesized by the carbon deposition reaction from CO2 with the H2-reduced Ni(II)-ferrite was represented by (Ni0.28Fe2.72O4.00)1-δ (Ni2+06.9Fe2+2.31O3.00)δCτ (δ= 0.27, τ= 0.17). The carbon of the CBNF gave the CIOlayer-like oxide containing some Ni2+ ions.

Study Behavior of XPS Spectra of Ni, Mn, Y and O in Y2NiMnO6 Ceramics

2015 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panakamon Deeyai ◽  
Thanapong Sareein ◽  
Bundit Putasaeng ◽  
Naphat Chathirat
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Decomposition Technique ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Study Behavior ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Bulk Y2NiMnO6 samples were prepared by thermal decomposition technique at 800 °C for 6 hours. The effects of temperature on the structure of ceramics were investigated for different sintering temperatures in the range of 1000-1300 °C, while kept constant the sintering time of 12 hours. Structural characterization had been investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) on samples of different sintering temperatures. Results from the experiment had revealed that high temperature affected oxide in ceramic materials. Further analysis with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique had revealed an outstanding point of ceramics by investigating the Ni 2p, 2p3/2, Mn 2p1/2, 2p3/2, and Y 3d3/2, 3d5/2 at the surface of Y2NiMnO6 ceramics. The changes in relative intensity of XPS peaks and the shifts in their binding energy (eV) were observed in the results, while the effect of temperature on oxide in ceramics may be investigated with dielectric property in the future.

Fe-loaded zeolites as catalysts in the formation of humic substance-like darkcoloured polymers in polycondensation reactions of humic precursors

Clay Minerals ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fukuchi ◽  
M. Fukushima ◽  
R. Nishimoto ◽  
G. Qi ◽  
T. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Ion Exchange Reaction ◽  
Xrd Patterns

AbstractTo enhance the catalytic activities of zeolites for the polycondensation reactions of humic precursors, Fe was loaded into a zeolite via an ion-exchange reaction and the resulting product was subjected to calcination at 773 K. Two types iron-loaded zeolites were prepared using one equivalent (Fe-Z-1) and 10-equivalents (Fe-Z-10) of Fe2+ to the cation-exchange capacity of a natural zeolite from Niki town (Hokkaido, Japan). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra showed that the Fe(II) that was originally loaded into the cation-exchange sites in the zeolite became oxidized to a Fe(III) ionic species during the preparation. The catalytic activities of each zeolite were evaluated, based on the degree of darkening for reaction mixtures containing catechol, glycine and glucose as model humic precursors. The catalytic activities of Fe-Z-1 and Fe-Z-10 were higher than that for an untreated zeolite, and increased with the amount of Fe in the zeolite.

scholarly journals Calcined Co(II)-Triethylenetetramine, Co(II)- Polyaniline-Thiourea as the Cathode Catalyst of Proton Exchanged Membrane Fuel Cell

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3070
Author(s):  
Wen-Yao Huang ◽  
Li-Cheng Jheng ◽  
Tar-Hwa Hsieh ◽  
Ko-Shan Ho ◽  
Yen-Zen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Conducting Medium ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Electrode Assemblies ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Triethylenetetramine (TETA) and thiourea complexed Cobalt(II) (Co(II)) ions are used as cathode catalysts for proton exchanged membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under the protection of polyaniline (PANI) which can become a conducting medium after calcination. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra clearly reveal the presence of typical carbon nitride and sulfide bonds of the calcined Nitrogen (N)- or Sulfur (S)-doped co-catalysts. Clear (002) and (100) planes of carbon-related X-ray diffraction patterns are found for co-catalysts after calcination, related to the formation of a conducting medium after the calcination of PANI. An increasing intensity ratio of the D to G band of the Raman spectra reveal the doping of N and S elements. More porous surfaces of co-catalysts are found in scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) micropictures when prepared in the presence of both TETA and thiourea (CoNxSyC). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves show the highest reducing current to be 4 mAcm−2 at 1600 rpm for CoNxSyC, indicating the necessity for both N- and S-doping. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) prepared with the cathode made of CoNxSyC produces the highest maximum power density, close to 180 mW cm−2.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Uniformly Sized Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3.0 Nanoparticles via Mechanochemical Process and Wet-Milling for Reduced Thermal Conductivity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Bo-In Park ◽  
Miri Shin ◽  
Jaeho Park ◽  
Jae-Seung Lee ◽  
Seung Yong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanochemical Process ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spark Plasma

In this study, Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3.0 (BST) nanoparticles (NPs) with high crystallinities were synthesized via a mechanochemical process (MCP). X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the BST NPs showed that the Bi, Sb, and Te powders successfully formed BiSbTe phase and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, verifying the high crystallinity and smaller size, albeit agglomerated. The as-synthesized BST NPs with agglomerated clusters were ground into smaller sizes of approximately 41.8 nm with uniform distribution through a simple wet-milling process during 7 days. The thermal conduction behaviors of bulk alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the BST NPs were studied by comparing those of samples fabricated from as-synthesized BST NPs and a BST ingot. The thermal conductivities (κ) of the BST nanocomposites were significantly reduced by introducing BST NPs with smaller grain sizes and finer distributions in the temperature range from 300 to 500 K. The BST nanocomposites fabricated from wet-milled BST NPs offered ultralow κ values of 0.84 W m−1 K−1 at approximately 398 K.

Chemical and Mineralogical Characterizations of Cobalt Precursor Recovered from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries with Incineration Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Ya Qun He ◽  
Lin Han Ge ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Shan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Chemical State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Incineration Process

The chemical and mineralogical characterizations of cobalt precursor recovered from spent lithium-ion batteries with incineration process was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It indicates that Co exists in the form of LiCoO2. However, after thermal treatment, complex products including LiCoO2, Co3O4, and Co2AlO4 etc. generated, in which Co3O4 has strong signal. The XPS spectra shows that Li(1-x)CoO2 and LiCoO2 are the main chemical state of Co in the original sample, but after thermal treatment, the chemical state changes to Co3O4. Besides, there are undecomposed Li(1-x)CoO2, CoF3 and Co. Analyses indicate that Co is enriched after thermal treatment and chemical state of some Co have been certified.

Investigation of Intermediates Evolutions during Bornite Bioleaching by Mesophilic Mixed Bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Xing Xing Wang ◽  
Ming Hao Hu ◽  
Xiao Tao Huang ◽  
Rui Liao ◽  
Hong Bo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Dissolution Process ◽  
Surface Species ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leptospirillum Ferriphilum ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Caldus ◽  
Mixed Bacteria

In this study, bioleaching experiments, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted to investigate the intermediates and surface species of bornite leached by mesophilic mixed bacteria of Leptospirillum. ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus. caldus. Bioleaching experiments results showed that the mixed bacteria induced higher redox potential and significantly increased the copper extractions. In the presence of mesophilic mixed bacteria, bornite bioleaching was not inhibited by jarosite and S8. The evolution of intermediates during bornite dissolution was proposed: Cu5FeS4→ Cu9Fe9S16→CuFe2S3→CuS→Cu2+, the presence of mesophilic mixed bacteria accelerated the dissolution process. XPS spectra showed that the Cu was existed as Cu(I) species in different period, and confirmed that the presence of polysulfide and jarosite.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of 3-DOM IrO2 Electrocatalysts Templated by PMMA for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Xuechu Sun ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Cuicui Li ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iridium Dioxide ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Ordered Macroporous

Three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3-DOM) IrO2 material was prepared using PMMA as a template and ammonia as a chelator. These 3-DOM IrO2 honeycomb arrays showed a large surface area and ordered macropores (155 nm in diameter) cross-linked by secondary mesopores. Internal structures of 3-DOM IrO2 material were observed microscopically through these secondary pores. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, 3-DOM IrO2 has a rutile crystal structure and is mainly composed of iridium dioxide. In acidic electrolytes, the overpotential of 3-DOM IrO2 material at 0.5 mV cm−2 was only 0.22 V. Accelerated durability tests demonstrated excellent durability of 3-DOM IrO2 as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst.

scholarly journals ZnO/ZnAl2O4Nanocomposite Films Studied by X-Ray Diffraction, FTIR, and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iaiche ◽  
A. Djelloul
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Spinel Oxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrasonic Spray ◽  
Chloride Hydrate ◽  
Oxide Sulfate

ZnO/ZnAl2O4nanocomposite films were synthesised by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) by extracting Al2O(SO4)2oxide with zinc chloride hydrate in deionised water. The sample was then subjected to heat treatment at 650°C and 700°C for 1 h, which led to the formation of the spinel oxide (ZnAl2O4) and wurtzite (ZnO) phases. Al2(SO4)3·18H2O salt was transformed into aluminum oxide sulfate Al2O(SO4)2, which is an intermediary decomposition product, by calcination at 795°C for 3 h. The structures of the synthesised ZnO/ZnAl2O4films were confirmed by XRD, FTIR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS spectra of the major Zn, Al, and O photoelectron lines and the major X-ray induced Zn LMM Auger lines for ZnO/ZnAl2O4are presented.

Xps and Xrd Studies of Uranium Rich Minerals from Cigar Lake, Saskatchewan

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sunder ◽  
P. Taylor ◽  
J. J. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Uranium Concentration ◽  
Management Program ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Used Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Nuclear Fuel Waste ◽  
Lake Deposits

AbstractSamples of uranium ore from the 1,300 million year old Cigar Lake deposits in northern Saskatchewan have been investigated using X ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X ray Diffraction (XRD). The XPS spectra showed the peaks for U, Pb, 0, C, Si, Ca and Mg. Analysis of highresolution XPS spectra showed that the oxidation state of uranium in these minerals is equal to, or lower than, that of U3O7. The XRD data confirm the presence of an oxidized phase, most likely α U3O7., in addition to UO2. The low U(VI)/U(IV) ratio in these minerals is consistent with the low uranium concentration found in groundwater in contact with these uranium minerals. The relevance of these results to the disposal concept of used nuclear fuel in the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program is discussed.

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