Surface Enamel Remineralization: Biomimetic Apatite Nanocrystals and Fluoride Ions Different Effects

A new method for altered enamel surface remineralization has been proposed. To this aim carbonate-hydroxyapatite nanocrystals which mimic for composition, structure, nanodimensions, and morphology dentine apatite crystals and resemble closely natural apatite chemical-physical properties have been used. The results underline the differences induced by the use of fluoride ions and hydroxyapatite nanocrystals in contrasting the mechanical abrasions and acid attacks to which tooth enamel is exposed. Fluoride ions generate a surface modification of the natural enamel apatite crystals increasing their crystallinity degree and relative mechanical and acid resistance. On the other hand, the remineralization produced by carbonate-hydroxyapatite consists in a deposition of a new apatitic mineral into the eroded enamel surface scratches. A new biomimetic mineral coating, which progressively fills and shadows surface scratches, covers and safeguards the enamel structure by contrasting the acid and bacteria attacks.

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Synthetic Biomimetic Carbonate-Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals for Enamel Remineralization

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.821 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 47-50 ◽

pp. 821-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Norberto Roveri ◽

Elisa Battistella ◽

Ismaela Foltran ◽

Elisabetta Foresti ◽

Michele Iafisco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Carbonate Hydroxyapatite ◽

Mineral Deposition ◽

Enamel Structure ◽

Synthetic Coating ◽

Composition Structure ◽

Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals ◽

Bone Apatite ◽

Natural Apatite

New biomimetic carbonate-hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (CHA) have been designed and synthesized in order to obtain a remineralization of the altered enamel surfaces. Synthesized CHA mimic for composition, structure, nano dimension and morphology bone apatite crystals and their chemical-physical properties resemble closely those exhibited by enamel natural apatite. CHA can chemically bound themselves on the surface of natural enamel apatite thanks to their tailored biomimetic characteristics. The remineralization effect induced by CHA represents a real new deposition of carbonate-hydroxyapatite into the eroded enamel surface scratches forming a persistent biomimetic mineral coating, which covers and safeguards the enamel structure. The experimental results point out the possibility to use materials alternative to fluoride compounds which is commonly utilized to contrast the mechanical abrasions and acid attacks. The apatitic synthetic coating is less crystalline than enamel natural apatite, but consists of a new biomimetic apatitic mineral deposition which progressively fills the surface scratches. Therefore the application of biomimetic CHA may be considered an innovative approach to contrast the acid and bacteria attacks.

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Cold plasma enamel surface treatment to increase fluoride varnish uptake

10.21203/rs.3.rs-842386/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Fathollah ◽

H. Abbasi ◽

S. Akhoundi ◽

A. Naeimabadi ◽

S. Emamjome

Keyword(s):

Cold Plasma ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Fluoride Varnish ◽

Sodium Absorption ◽

Tooth Decay ◽

Fluoride Ions ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Group A

Abstract Enamel strengthening to prevent the first stage of caries has been an essential issue in oral health recently. Among the available methods to increase enamel strength, fluoride varnish treatment has relatively better results in preventing tooth decay. Cold plasma capabilities in sterilizing the environment, surface modification, and improving adhesion are well known. Accordingly, this study aims to increase the enamel layer's adhesion hoping that the intensity and time of enamel interaction with FV and the absorption of fluoride ions will increase. Accordingly, we randomly divided twenty bovine teeth into two groups A (consisting of four teeth) and B (composed of four subgroups, each containing four teeth). Samples of group A and one specimen of each subset B investigate the effect of using Helium-DBD (He-DBDJ), Argon (ArJ), and Air-DBD jet on the enamel surface. Other B specimens are devoted to the study of the release of FV fluoride ions from processed enamel. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that although ArJ and Air-DBD have significantly damaged the enamel's hexagonal structures, they are only changed from convex to concave in the He-DBDJ case. For this reason, enamel effectively enhances the capacity to accept more FV. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicates an increase in calcium ratio to phosphorus and the amount of fluoride and sodium absorption in the enamel layer in processing with He-DBDJ plasma. The latter helps restore the damaged parts of the enamel. Analysis of fluoride released from the FV did not show a significant change owing to plasma processing. The combination of Cold plasma and varnish fluoride on treatment enamel could be unique ability to improve reinforcement of tooth enamel against of tooth decay.

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Acid resistance enhancement of human tooth enamel surface by Nd:YAG laser and incorporating silver nanoparticles: in vitro study

Lasers in Dental Science ◽

10.1007/s41547-019-00082-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 7-16

Author(s):

Walid K. Hamoudi ◽

Raid A. Ismail ◽

Zinah S. Shakir ◽

Amera Alkaisi

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Human Tooth ◽

Human Tooth Enamel

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In vitro Evaluation of Enamel Surface Treated with Fluoride After Bleaching and Etching Erosive Processes

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.7.6402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 1714-1717

Author(s):

Roxana Ionela Vasluianu ◽

Norina Consuela Forna ◽

Elena Raluca Baciu ◽

Mirela Zaltariov ◽

Lavinia Vasiliu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enamel Surface ◽

Spectroscopy Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Fluoride Treatment ◽

Enamel Structure ◽

Erosion Effect ◽

Enamel Composition ◽

Morphology Changes ◽

Scanning Electron

The anti-erosion effect of fluoride on the enamel surface was investigated by ATR-FTIR, SEM and EDX techniques. Four extracted teeth (two incisors and two premolars) were initially bleached with carabamide peroxide and etched with ortho-phosphoric acid then fluoride treatment was applied. Significant differences in enamel composition and morphology were observed providing the effect of fluoride application in remineralization of teeth. Infrared spectroscopy was employed to probe the changes in enamel structure. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed higher content in F of teeth enamel. Morphology changes revealed a re-mineralization of enamel surface after the treatment with fluoride gel.

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A double-blind randomized-controlled trial comparing the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice containing carbonate/hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology ◽

10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01558.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 510-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Giovanna Orsini ◽

Maurizio Procaccini ◽

Lamberto Manzoli ◽

Francesca Giuliodori ◽

Alessandro Lorenzini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Double Blind ◽

Carbonate Hydroxyapatite ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals

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The Remineralizing Effect of Carbonate-Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals on Dentine

THERMEC 2006 - Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/0-87849-428-6.602 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 602-605

Author(s):

Lia Rimondini ◽

Barbara Palazzo ◽

Michele Iafisco ◽

Lorenza Canegallo ◽

Federica Demarosi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbonate Hydroxyapatite ◽

Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals

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Remineralization Strategies in Oral Hygiene: A Position Paper of Italian Society of Oral Hygiene Sciences-S.I.S.I.O. Working Group

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601711010527 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 527-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Consuelo Sanavia ◽

Marco Tatullo ◽

Jessica Bassignani ◽

Silvia Cotellessa ◽

Giulia Fantozzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Working Group ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Critical Discussion ◽

Position Paper ◽

Point Of View ◽

Italian Society ◽

Patient Choice ◽

Enamel Structure

Background/Objective:The clinical conditions that lead to an alteration of the enamel structure are numerous. The diet high in sugars and acidifying substances, psychological stress that triggers parafunctional behaviors, the reduced intake of fiber-rich foods or alkalizing substances, together with other factors, contribute to demineralization of the tooth enamel. Dental mineralizing products on the current market are distinguished according to the dosage form, the active ingredient, the release technology, clinical indications and patient choice. Currently, it is necessary to propose to oral health professionals a guide to orient themselves in this chaotic choice, in order to prefer the most effective product for their own clinical target.Methods:Italian Society of Oral Hygiene Sciences-S.I.S.I.O. is one of the leading scientific Italian societies representing those dental hygienists working with high-quality standards and in agreement with scientific evidence: in the last year, the SISIO working group has carried out a study focused on remineralizing agents in dentistry, in order to give an authoritative point of view to indicate a guideline in the decision process of the choice of a remineralizing agent. We will report the results pointed out from the last consensus meeting in 2017.Results:We have reported the good the bad and the ugly have been discussed in a critical discussion of such topic.Conclusion:The SISIO experience has been reported in this position paper with the aim to serve as a useful aid in the daily choice of the clinical steps to perform, when dental professionals need to treat demineralized teeth.

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Effects of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser on Tensile Bond Strength and Caries Resistance of Human Enamel

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/12-416-l ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 273-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

X Wen ◽

L Zhang ◽

R Liu ◽

M Deng ◽

Y Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Laser Parameter ◽

Pulsed Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Resistance Evaluation ◽

Human Enamel

SUMMARY This study aims to evaluate the effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of resin to human enamel and caries resistance of human enamel. A total of 201 human premolars were used in this in vitro study. A flat enamel surface greater than 4 × 4 mm in area was prepared on each specimen using a low-speed cutting machine under a water coolant. Twenty-one specimens were divided into seven groups for morphology observations with no treatment, 35% phosphoric acid etching (30 seconds), and laser irradiation (30 seconds) of pulsed Nd:YAG laser with five different laser-parameter combinations. Another 100 specimens were used for TBS testing. They were embedded in self-cured acrylic resin and randomly divided into 10 groups. After enamel surface pretreatments according to the group design, resin was applied. The TBS values were tested using a universal testing machine. The other 80 specimens were randomly divided into eight groups for acid resistance evaluation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the enamel surfaces treated with 1.5 W/20 Hz and 2.0 W/20 Hz showed more etching-like appearance than those with other laser-parameter combinations. The laser-parameter combinations of 1.5 W/15 Hz and 1.5 W/20 Hz were found to be efficient for the TBS test. The mean TBS value of 14.45 ± 1.67 MPa in the laser irradiated group was significantly higher than that in the untreated group (3.48 ± 0.35 MPa) but lower than that in the 35% phosphoric acid group (21.50 ± 3.02 MPa). The highest mean TBS value of 26.64 ± 5.22 MPa was identified in the combination group (laser irradiation and then acid etching). Acid resistance evaluation showed that the pulsed Nd:YAG laser was efficient in preventing enamel demineralization. The SEM results of the fractured enamel surfaces, resin/enamel interfaces, and demineralization depths were consistent with those of the TBS test and the acid resistance evaluation. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser as an enamel surface pretreatment method presents a potential clinical application, especially for the caries-susceptible population or individuals with recently bleached teeth.

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