scholarly journals Effects of Landform on Site Index for Two Mesophytic Tree Species in the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Henry McNab
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Appalachian Mountains ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Yellow Poplar

The effects of soil and topographic variables on forest site index were determined for two mesophytic tree species, northern red oak (Quercus rubraL.) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipiferaL.) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. Stand variables included soil solum thickness, soil A-horizon thickness, elevation, aspect, slope gradient, and landform index. Landform index is a recently devised environmental variable that has been used to quantify the influence of topography surrounding a stand on productivity. Regression analysis indicated that among the variables only landform index had a significant () relationship with site index and explained 46 percent of the variation for northern red oak and 56 percent for yellow-poplar. Plot data from this study were also used to validate a previously developed prediction equation for estimating yellow-poplar site index and results indicated that unbiased estimates would be within 2.5 m. Results from this study suggest that landform accounts for variation in site index of mesophytic species in mountainous terrain that is not explained by conventional stand variables associated with soil and topography.

Evidence that Castanea Dentata Persists on Xeric, Mid-Elevation Sites in the Southern Appalachians

2017 ◽  
Vol 133 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Henry Mcnab
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Biological Variables

Abstract:  Castanea dentata (American chestnut) persists today in the southern Appalachian forests of North Carolina as sparsely occurring sprouting root systems. The introduction of two exotic fungal diseases into North America, root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in the early 1800s and chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in the early 1900s, eliminated C. dentata as a dominant canopy species. Identifying and understanding the characteristics of sites where C. dentata persists could offer insights for management and restoration. Using a regional forest inventory and analysis (FIA) database, I studied the ecology of C. dentata on 831 forested sample plots in 21 mountainous counties of western North Carolina. The purpose of my study was to determine if the presence of C. dentata was associated with common topographic variables and the co-occurrence of other tree species that could be used in a regression model for evaluation of sites for potential management activities. I found that C. dentata occurred on only 3.5% of the sample plots. Its presence was directly associated with elevation >900 m, positively related to the co-occurring species Quercus prinus (chestnut oak) and Q. rubra (northern red oak), and negatively related to Liriodendron tulipifera (yellow-poplar). Logistic regression revealed poor performance of formulations with multiple significant biological variables (i.e., tree species) because of multicollinearity effects with elevation. Good model performance was achieved with a two-variable formulation using elevation and a weighted averages score derived from direct gradient analysis and ordination of moisture affinities of the 30 tree species in the study plots. An explanation for the effect of elevation on occurrence of C. dentata on sites >900 m is unknown, but the arborescent species scores suggest probable xeric to subxeric plot moisture regimes. Limitations of the FIA data for my study were many including few plots with C. dentata, lack of plot soil characteristics and history of disturbance from fire. Results from my study may have application to rank forest sites for investigation of biological control of C. parasitica through hypovirulence and for identifying stands for application of silvicultural practices to reduce environmental stress and increase survival of existing root systems.

scholarly journals Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Appalachian Hardwoods Logging Residues as Template for Antimicrobial Copper

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Hassanzadeh ◽  
Ronald Sabo ◽  
Alan Rudie ◽  
Richard Reiner ◽  
Roland Gleisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Tempo Oxidation ◽  
Mechanical Fibrillation ◽  
Appalachian Hardwoods

TEMPO nanofibrillated cellulose (TNFC) from two underutilized Appalachian hardwoods, Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), was prepared to determine its feasibility to be used as template for antimicrobial metallic copper particles. In addition, a comparison of the TNFC from the two species in terms of their morphological, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties was also performed. The woody biomass was provided in the form of logging residue from Preston County, West Virginia. A traditional kraft process was used to produce the pulp followed by a five-stage bleaching. Bleached pulps were then subjected to a TEMPO oxidation process using the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system to facilitate the final mechanical fibrillation process and surface incorporation of metallic copper. The final TNFC diameters for red oak and yellow poplar presented similar dimensions, 3.8±0.74 nm and 3.6±0.85 nm, respectively. The TNFC films fabricated from both species exhibited no statistical differences in both Young’s modulus and the final strength properties. Likely, after the TEMPO oxidation process both species exhibited similar carboxyl group content, of approximately 0.8 mmol/g, and both species demonstrated excellent capability to incorporate antimicrobial copper on their surfaces.

Influences of light intensity on weed-induced stresses of tree seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Kolb ◽  
T. W. Bowersox ◽  
L. H. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Pine ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Four Levels

Growth of northern red oak (Quercusrubra L.), white ash (Fraxinusamericana L.), and white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) seedlings was evaluated for 2 years after germination in 12 environments that consisted of four levels of herbaceous interference (fern, fern free, grass, grass free) crossed with three levels of light intensity (100, 45, and 20% full sun), at two clear-cuts in central Pennsylvania. Grass and fern interference reduced soil moisture content and reduced height or diameter growth of all species. Shading ameliorated soil moisture, reduced herbaceous growth, generally reduced growth of all tree species in interference-free environments, and had no effect on growth of any tree species in fern and grass environments. Reduction in growth due to herbaceous interference was lower for northern red oak and white pine than for white ash, while shading had similar effects on growth of all species. Results suggest that stresses induced by shading alone have little short-term effect on the establishment of these species under conditions of heavy herbaceous interference.

Lower Bole Diameter and Volume of Four Appalachian Hardwoods

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry V. Wiant ◽  
Thomas B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Appalachian Hardwoods

Abstract Coefficients are provided for estimating dbh from stump measurements and estimating diameter and volume from groundline to dbh for northern red oak, white oak, red maple, and yellow-poplar. North. J. Appl. For. 4:212, December 1987.

scholarly journals Comparison of the herb layer composition in stands of several tree species in the Louny region

Beskydy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Jiří Viewegh ◽  
Stanislav Miltner ◽  
Karel Matějka ◽  
Vilém Podrázský
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Layer Composition

Influence of introduced northern red oak stands (Quercus rubra L.) on herb understory with comparison with herb understory of autochthonous Sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg. L) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was observed in Louny region area on 14 plots. The analysis of the ground vegetation was performed using classical phytosociological methods. Significant changes were not determined in the site character, when comparing particular tree species stands, the differences consisted especially in the natural regeneration of tree species. Northern red oak showed a tendency of more fast penetration in the neighboring stands.

Comparison of the Centroid Method and Taper Systems for Estimating Tree Volumes

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Patterson ◽  
Harry V. Wiant ◽  
Geoffrey B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Red Pine ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Centroid Method ◽  
Poplar Trees ◽  
Control Volumes

Abstract There is a need to be able to accurately determine the volumes of trees. Current methods include the use of volume tables or taper systems which should be tested for applicability before use in a given stand. This can be costly and time consuming. The objective of this study was tocompare the estimates made using accepted taper systems and the more "generic" centroid method and determine which gives the best results. Twenty trees each of northern red oak and red pine and 19 yellow-poplar trees were harvested. Diameter measurements were taken every 4 in. with calipersfor the first 40 ft of each stem. These measurements were used to calculate the "true" or control volumes. The appropriate taper system for each species and the centroid method were used to estimate the tree volumes, and these estimates were compared with the control volumes. The centroidmethod was less biased than taper systems for all three species. Precision was better for the centroid method than taper systems for yellow-poplar and red pine, but not for northern red oak. North. J. Appl. For. 10(1): 8-9.

scholarly journals Verticillium Wilt of Ailanthus altissima: Susceptibility of Associated Tree Species

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1158-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Schall ◽  
Donald D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
White Ash ◽  
South Central ◽  
Invasive Tree

Verticillium albo-atrum causes unprecedented wilt and mortality of the invasive tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) within forests of south-central Pennsylvania. Stem inoculation of potted Ailanthus seedlings in the greenhouse and canopy Ailanthus trees in the field with V. albo-atrum resulted in 100% mortality. Stem inoculation of understory striped maple saplings in the field also resulted in 100% mortality. However, the high susceptibility of striped maple was not observed in naturally infected stands, where only 1% of striped maple saplings exhibited Verticillium wilt. Inoculation of chestnut oak, northern red oak, red maple, sugar maple, white ash, and yellow-poplar seedlings or canopy trees with V. albo-atrum did not induce wilt symptoms. Non-Ailanthus tree species growing adjacent to dead and dying Ailanthus trees in the field were asymptomatic. Pending further studies, V. albo-atrum should be considered as a potential biocontrol agent for invasive Ailanthus.

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