Influences of light intensity on weed-induced stresses of tree seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Kolb ◽  
T. W. Bowersox ◽  
L. H. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Pine ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Four Levels

Growth of northern red oak (Quercusrubra L.), white ash (Fraxinusamericana L.), and white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) seedlings was evaluated for 2 years after germination in 12 environments that consisted of four levels of herbaceous interference (fern, fern free, grass, grass free) crossed with three levels of light intensity (100, 45, and 20% full sun), at two clear-cuts in central Pennsylvania. Grass and fern interference reduced soil moisture content and reduced height or diameter growth of all species. Shading ameliorated soil moisture, reduced herbaceous growth, generally reduced growth of all tree species in interference-free environments, and had no effect on growth of any tree species in fern and grass environments. Reduction in growth due to herbaceous interference was lower for northern red oak and white pine than for white ash, while shading had similar effects on growth of all species. Results suggest that stresses induced by shading alone have little short-term effect on the establishment of these species under conditions of heavy herbaceous interference.

Effects of Sulfometuron on the Emergence and Growth of Seeded Northern Red Oak, White Ash, and White Pine

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry H. McCormick ◽  
David H. Allen ◽  
John W. Groninger ◽  
Todd W. Bowersox
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Pine ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Direct Seeded

Abstract Sulfometuron (Oust®) and glyphosate (Roundup®) were applied separately and as tank mixes to plots direct seeded with northern red oak, white ash, and white pine. Treatments included applications of glyphosate, sulfometuron (low and high rate), sulfometuron (low and high rate) + glyphosate, and an untreated control. Results after 2 years showed no effect of sulfometuron at either rate on the emergence of northern red oak and white ash. Emergence of white pine was reduced by both rates of sulfometuron alone or in combination with glyphosate. Sulfometuron at the higher rate alone or in combination with glyphosate reduced the height growth of northern red oak and white ash, and increased first-year mortality of northern red oak. Height growth and first-year survival of white pine was not affected by either rate of sulfometuron. Glyphosate alone or in combination with sulfometuron at the lower rate had no adverse effect on the emergence or seedling growth of northern red oak, white ash, or white pine. North. J. Appl. For. 8(1):9-11

Effects of nitrogen deposition on nitrate leaching from forests of the northeastern United States will change with tree species composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine F. Crowley ◽  
Gary M. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Species Change

As tree species composition in forests of the northeastern United States changes due to invasive forest pests, climate change, or other stressors, the extent to which forests will retain or release N from atmospheric deposition remains uncertain. We used a species-specific, dynamic forest ecosystem model (Spe-CN) to investigate how nitrate (NO3–) leaching may vary among stands dominated by different species, receiving varied atmospheric N inputs, or undergoing species change due to an invasive forest pest (emerald ash borer; EAB). In model simulations, NO3– leaching varied widely among stands dominated by 12 northeastern North American tree species. Nitrate leaching increased with N deposition or forest age, generally with greater magnitude for deciduous (except red oak) than coniferous species. Species with lowest baseline leaching rates (e.g., red spruce, eastern hemlock, red oak) showed threshold responses to N deposition. EAB effects on leaching depended on the species replacing white ash: after 100 years, predicted leaching increased 73% if sugar maple replaced ash but decreased 55% if red oak replaced ash. This analysis suggests that the effects of tree species change on NO3– leaching over time may be large and variable and should be incorporated into predictions of effects of N deposition on leaching from forested landscapes.

Species mixture effects in northern red oak–eastern white pine stands in Maine, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Waskiewicz ◽  
Laura Kenefic ◽  
Aaron Weiskittel ◽  
Robert Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Species Mixture ◽  
Pine Stands

Effects of atmospheric humidity and zonal soil water stress on initial growth of planted northern red oak seedlings

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Lower Root ◽  
Stress Levels

Northern red oak (Quercusrubra L.) 1-0 seedlings were planted in plastic tubes with a rubber moisture barrier placed around taproots at midpoint so that upper and lower sections of the root system could be independently watered with polyethylene glycol solutions to induce various soil moisture stress conditions. Trees were also grown at two relative humidity (RH) levels.In the first of two studies, soil moisture stress levels were −1/3, −3, −6 bars (1 bar = 105 Pa), and RH's were 75 and 45%. Root regeneration (largely confined to cut end of lower taproot) and top growth decreased, and dieback of planted stems increased, as soil moisture stress of either upper or lower root sections increased. When both sections were −6 bars, root regeneration was nil.In the second study, upper root soil moisture stress levels included a −12-bar treatment which reduced dry weight of leaves and roots to about one-half that of unstressed plants. However, a unit increase in stress to lower root sections was 1.5 to 4 times more inhibitory to growth than a similar stress to upper root sections. Low RH decreased several measures of seedling growth, increased stem dieback, and prolonged time to budbreak from 6 to 12 days for most soil moisture treatments.These studies demonstrate that root regeneration is very sensitive to soil moisture stress on lower roots, where most of the new roots originate, and moderately sensitive to stress on upper roots and to atmospheric stress on shoots.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic fire history and red oak forests in south-central Ontario

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Dey ◽  
Richard P. Guyette
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Anthropogenic Fire ◽  
South Central ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Fire Interval ◽  
In Fire

The regeneration and dominance of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) has been associated with fire throughout eastern North America. Red oak in central Ontario grows near the northern edge of its distribution in mixed hardwood-coniferous forests under mesic conditions where it competes with more shade-tolerant species. We hypothesized that the abundance of red oak in these stands was largely the result of anthropogenic burning and natural fires, which would favor the regeneration and recruitment of northern red oak over such shade-tolerant species as sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Fire histories dating from the mid-1600s were constructed by dendrochronological methods from fire scars on stumps, trees, and natural remnants of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and red oak at six sites in south-central Ontario. Fire histories of the sites are characterized by abrupt changes in fire interval. As much or more variance in fire interval is found within sites as is found among sites. Differences in the mean fire interval among sites are related to the density and migration of historic aboriginal and European populations. The mean fire interval varied from more than 70 years to six years depending on site location and historic period. The occurrence and abundance of red oak is linked to anthropogenic fire regimes. Key words: northern red oak, white pine, fire history, ecology, anthropogenic, fire regime, dendrochronology

scholarly journals Comparison of the herb layer composition in stands of several tree species in the Louny region

Beskydy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Jiří Viewegh ◽  
Stanislav Miltner ◽  
Karel Matějka ◽  
Vilém Podrázský
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Layer Composition

Influence of introduced northern red oak stands (Quercus rubra L.) on herb understory with comparison with herb understory of autochthonous Sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg. L) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was observed in Louny region area on 14 plots. The analysis of the ground vegetation was performed using classical phytosociological methods. Significant changes were not determined in the site character, when comparing particular tree species stands, the differences consisted especially in the natural regeneration of tree species. Northern red oak showed a tendency of more fast penetration in the neighboring stands.

scholarly journals Radial Growth Losses in Preferred and Avoided Tree Species During Gypsy Moth Outbreaks

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Naidoo ◽  
Martin J. Lechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
A Site

Abstract We investigated the effect of gypsy moth larval density on radial growth of preferred and avoided trees: northern red oak and white ash, respectively. Individual trees were censused for gypsy moth larvae from 1979 to 1992 at a site where several outbreaks occurred. Annual growth rings were measured from 1950 to 1992 on increment cores taken from these same trees, as well as from trees at a nearby site that had not experienced any outbreaks. Regression models of growth at the outbreak site on growth at the nonoutbreak site were developed to isolate the influence of gypsy moth defoliation from other factors such as climate. These were then used to generate expected values for radial growth in the absence of gypsy moth at the outbreak site. During the first year of the first gypsy moth outbreak, there was a mean reduction in radial growth of 46% in red oak, a loss similar to what has been reported in other studies. Growth of white ash was much higher than predicted in 2 yr during and subsequent to the first outbreak. Yearly larval counts from 1979 to 1992 on red oak at the outbreak site were negatively correlated with oak radial growth after correcting for climate, suggesting that nonoutbreak levels of gypsy moth may reduce radial growth more than has previously been thought. Larval counts on ash were uncorrelated with ash growth after correcting for climate. North. J. Appl. For. 16(1):11-18.

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