Measurement of Photoreceptor Layer in Glaucoma: A Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Study

Objective.To measure and compare photoreceptor layer thickness between normal and glaucomatous eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods. Thirty-eight healthy normal volunteers and 47 glaucoma patients were included in the analysis. One eye from each participant was randomly selected for macula imaging by a spectral-domain OCT (3D OCT-1000, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). The foveal and parafoveal (1.5 mm from the fovea) outer nuclear layer (ONL) and inner and outer segments (IS+OS) layer thicknesses were measured by a single masked observer. The measurements were repeated 3 times in a random sample of 30 normal eyes to determine the repeatability coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient.Results.The measurement variabilities of photoreceptor thickness were low. The respective intraclass correlation coefficients of ONL and IS+OS thicknesses were 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.94–0.98) and 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.70–0.90). While there were no differences in parafoveal ONL and IS+OS thicknesses between normal and glaucoma groups (), the foveal ONL thickness was greater in glaucomatous eyes () than in normal eyes.Conclusions.Glaucomatous damage may involve structural change in the photoreceptor layer.

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Reliability of Corneal, Epithelial, and Stromal Thickness Mapping for a 9-mm Zone Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde ◽

10.1055/a-1535-1685 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Krause ◽

Niklas Mohr ◽

Mehdi Shajari ◽

Wolfgang J. Mayer ◽

Siegfried Priglinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Corneal Stroma ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Noninvasive Technique ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Sd Oct

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the reliability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; RTVue XR; Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) for thickness mapping of the entire cornea (CT), corneal epithelium (ET). and corneal stroma (ST) over a 9-mm zone in healthy eyes. We sought to develop reference values for different age groups and elucidate potential sex- and age-dependent characteristics of corneal sublayer pachymetry maps. Methods Three consecutive SD-OCT scans were obtained in 166 healthy right eyes (mean age = 50 ± 20 years). The thickness maps contain 25 sectors over a 9-mm diameter zone. To test measurement reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CoV), and within-subject standard deviations (WSSD) were calculated. Results CT, ET, and ST ICCs ranged from 0.961 to 0.998, 0.896 to 0.945, and 0.955 to 0.998, respectively. CoV values for CT, ET, and ST ranged between 0.3 and 1.5%, 1.6 and 4.2%, and 0.4 and 1.7%, respectively. WSSD ranged from 6 to 41, 4 to 8, and 7 to 46 µm, respectively. A negative correlation was found between age and ET (p < 0.05) but not between age and ST or CT. No gender-related differences in CT, ET, or ST were detected. CoV of CT, ET, and ST measurements showed a positive correlation with age in 28, 64, and 28% of the sectors, respectively. Conclusion SD-OCT is a rapid and noninvasive technique that provides excellent reliability for corneal sublayer thickness measurements over a 9-mm zone. The reliability of the ET measurement seems to be negatively affected by age. Peripheral CT and global ET thin with age.

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Pre-, Intra-, and Post-Operative Evaluation of Extraocular Muscle Insertions Using Optical Coherence Tomography: A Comparison of Four Devices

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8101732 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1732 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matthew S. Pihlblad ◽

Andrew Troia ◽

Sapna Tibrewal ◽

Parth R. Shah

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Rectus Muscle ◽

Strabismus Surgery ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Muscle Insertion ◽

Operative Evaluation

OCT (optical coherence tomography) is widely used in ophthalmology and pediatric ophthalmology, but limited research has been done on the use of OCT in strabismus. This study investigates the use of different OCT machines to image rectus muscle insertions pre-, intra-, and post-operatively in pediatric strabismus patients. The OCT machines used in the study were a Bioptigen (Leica Microsystems Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL, USA), Spectralis HRA+OCT with Anterior Segment Module (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), Visante (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), and Zeiss Rescan 700 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Measurements from the machines were compared with the caliper distance measured during the strabismus surgery before disinsertion or after reattachment. The OCT machines had moderate (Bioptigen: 0.62) to good intraclass correlation coefficients (Rescan: 0.83, Spectralis: 0.85, Visante: 0.88) with intra-operative measurements. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use an operating microscope with integrated intra-operative OCT to image rectus muscle insertions. OCT is a useful tool in strabismus surgical patients in the pre-, intra-, and post-operative settings, particularly in patients who have had previous surgery, when the muscle insertion is unknown. The ability to accurately image rectus muscle insertions has significant implications for the management of strabismus patients.

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Comparison of Methods for Estimating Retinal Shape: Peripheral Refraction vs. Optical Coherence Tomography

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10020174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 174

Author(s):

Katharina Breher ◽

Alejandro Calabuig ◽

Laura Kühlewein ◽

Focke Ziemssen ◽

Arne Ohlendorf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Axial Length ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Clinical Parameter ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Shape Estimation ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

Retinal shape presents a clinical parameter of interest for myopia, and has commonly been inferred indirectly from peripheral refraction (PRX) profiles. Distortion-corrected optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans offer a new and direct possibility for retinal shape estimation. The current study compared retinal curvatures derived from OCT scans vs. PRX measurements in three refractive profiles (0° and 90° meridians, plus spherical equivalent) for 25 participants via Bland–Altman analysis. The radial differences between both procedures were correlated to axial length using Pearson correlation. In general, PRX- and OCT-based retinal radii showed low correlation (all intraclass correlation coefficients < 0.21). PRX found flatter retinal curvatures compared to OCT, with the highest absolute agreement found with the 90° meridian (mean difference +0.08 mm) and lowest in the 0° meridian (mean difference +0.89 mm). Moreover, a negative relation between axial length and the agreement of both methods was detected especially in the 90° meridian (R = −0.38, p = 0.06). PRX measurements tend to underestimate the retinal radius with increasing myopia when compared to OCT measurements. Therefore, future conclusions from PRX on retinal shape should be made cautiously. Rather, faster and more clinically feasible OCT imaging should be performed for this purpose.

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A New Optical Coherence Tomography Method for Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness Measurement: A Single-center Observational Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-87168/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kyung Tae Kang ◽

Ji Hye Jang ◽

Yu Cheol Kim

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Observational Study ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

New Method ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Single Center ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Single Center Observational Study

Abstract Background: Several macular pathologies are associated with choroidal vascular supply, and thus require choroidal thickness evaluation. However, there is no standard subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) measuring method. This study investigated a new method to measure the SFCT, using optical coherence tomography.Methods: This is a single-center observational study. Eighty-two senior medical students participated as observers and independently measured the SFCT on five standard optical coherence tomography images of healthy adults in a tertiary care setting. They used three different methods: (1) the observer’s own method, (2) the conventional method, perpendicular to the retinal pigment epithelium, and (3) the new method, along a virtual line connecting the umbo with the most elevated point of the ellipsoid. Additionally, the SFCT angle—the angle between the measurement line and the vertical line of the image—was measured and compared between methods. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine interpersonal variability. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients for SFCT measured by methods 1, 2, and 3 were 0.853, 0.880, and 0.896, respectively (P < 0.001 for all). It was the highest with method 3; the intraclass correlation coefficients SFCT angles were 0.647, 0.842, and 0.307, respectively (P < 0.001 for all).Conclusions: The new method showed the lowest interpersonal variability, and could therefore be a reliable standard for SFCT measurement, even in foveae with a steep slope on optical coherence tomography.Trial registration: Not applicable

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Confidence interval estimation for a linear contrast in intraclass correlation coefficients under unequal family sizes for several populations

Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation ◽

10.1080/00949650601177419 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 78 (7) ◽

pp. 609-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Madhusudan Bhandary ◽

Koji Fujiwara

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Interval Estimation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Confidence Interval Estimation ◽

Linear Contrast

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Comparison of the Repeatability of Macular Vascular Density Measurements Using Four Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Systems

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/4372580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jingyuan Yang ◽

Mingzhen Yuan ◽

Erqian Wang ◽

Youxin Chen

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Scan Pattern

The aim of this study was to compare the repeatability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) measurements of macular vessel density using four OCT-A systems, including Heidelberg Spectralis HRA, Optovue RTVue XR, Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000, and Topcon DRI OCT Triton. A cross-sectional design was used for this study. The vascular density and vascular length density of the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses were imaged with OCT-A using 3 mm and 6 mm scan patterns and were calculated using ImageJ. Comparisons of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were conducted. We found that the OCT-A systems had various levels of repeatability. Zeiss had better repeatability for vessel density than the other systems (overall ICC = 0.936). Optovue had better repeatability for vessel length density when the 6 mm scan pattern was used (ICC = 0.680 and 0.700 for retinal superficial and deep capillary plexus, respectively). We concluded that repeatability varied when different scan patterns of various OCT-A systems were used for imaging the superficial retinal and deep capillary plexuses. Results should be seen as valid only for a given method. The repeatability of various OCT-A systems should be considered in clinical practice and in clinical trials that use OCT-A metrics as outcome measures.

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Retinal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis Disease Subtypes Measured by High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

Multiple Sclerosis International ◽

10.1155/2012/530305 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Timm Oberwahrenbrock ◽

Sven Schippling ◽

Marius Ringelstein ◽

Falko Kaufhold ◽

Hanna Zimmermann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spectral Domain Oct ◽

Rnfl Thickness

Background.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has facilitated characterisation of retinal alterations in MS patients. Only scarce and in part conflicting data exists on different MS subtypes.Objective.To analyse patterns of retinal changes in different subtypes of MS with latest spectral-domain technology.Methods.In a three-centre cross-sectional study 414 MS patients and 94 healthy controls underwent spectral-domain OCT examination.Results.Eyes of MS patients without a previous optic neuritis showed a significant reduction of both retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and total macular volume (TMV) compared to healthy controls independent of the MS subtype (P<0.001for all subtypes). RNFL thickness was lower in secondary progressive MS (SPMS) eyes compared to relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) eyes (P=0.007), and TMV was reduced in SPMS and primary progressive MS (PPMS) eyes compared to RRMS eyes (SPMS:P=0.039, PPMS:P=0.005). Independent of the subtype a more pronounced RNFL thinning and TMV reduction were found in eyes with a previous optic neuritis compared to unaffected eyes.Conclusion.Analysis of this large-scale cross-sectional dataset of MS patients studied with spectral-domain OCT confirmed and allows to generalize previous findings. Furthermore it carves out distinct patterns in different MS subtypes.

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Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Imaging with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)—A Review of the Cirrus HD-OCT

US Ophthalmic Review ◽

10.17925/usor.2011.04.01.12 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elaine To ◽

Dennis Lam ◽

Christopher Kai-shun Leung ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Nerve Fiber ◽

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Nerve Fiber Layer ◽

Spectral Domain Oct ◽

Rnfl Thickness ◽

Retinal Nerve Fiber

High-speed, high-resolution imaging of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an essential tool for evaluation of glaucoma. The Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. Dublin, CA) is a spectral-domain OCT that provides visualization of the distribution pattern and measurement of RNFL abnormalities in a 6x6mm2optic disc region. Analysis of the RNFL thickness deviation map—a color-coded map displaying areas of RNFL abnormalities—detects glaucoma with high sensitivity and specificity. Trend analysis of average and sectorial RNFL thicknesses, and event analysis of the RNFL thickness maps and the RNFL thickness profiles can be used to detect and follow diffuse and focal RNFL progression. RNFL measurement with spectral-domain OCT could provide important information for use in formulating treatment plans and evaluating disease prognosis in the management of glaucoma.

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Spectral Domain OCT: An Aid to Diagnosis and Surgical Planning of Retinal Detachments

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2011/725362 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Graham Auger ◽

Stephen Winder

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Spectral Domain Oct

Regmatogenous retinal detachments need prompt intervention particularly when macula is on. Unfortunately this is not always easy to ascertain clinically and the chronicity of the event is often muddled in patient's histories. Developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) have allowed high-resolution axial scans which have enabled the characterisation of retinal changes in retinal detachments. In this paper, we show the changes in retinal morphology observed by spectral domain OCT and how this can be used to plan appropriate surgical intervention.

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