scholarly journals Molecular Targets Related to Inflammation and Insulin Resistance and Potential Interventions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro M. Hirabara ◽  
Renata Gorjão ◽  
Marco A. Vinolo ◽  
Alice C. Rodrigues ◽  
Renato T. Nachbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Inflammation and insulin resistance are common in several chronic diseases, such as obesity, type 2diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Various studies show a relationship between these two factors, although the mechanisms involved are not completely understood yet. Here, we discuss the molecular basis of insulin resistance and inflammation and the molecular aspects on inflammatory pathways interfering in insulin action. Moreover, we explore interventions based on molecular targets for preventing or treating correlated disorders, advances for a better characterization, and understanding of the mechanisms and mediators involved in the different inflammatory and insulin resistance conditions. Finally, we address biotechnological studies for the development of new potential therapies and interventions.

scholarly journals A szexuális funkciózavar és a metabolikus szindróma kapcsolata

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márta Zsoldos ◽  
Attila Pajor ◽  
Henriette Pusztafalvi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Atherogenic Lipid Profile ◽  
Arousal Response ◽  
Atherogenic Lipid

Abstract: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and depression have increased during the recent years. As the sexual dysfunction is also frequent, we aimed to search for the associations between sexual dysfunction and the metabolic syndrome and its components, respectively, by reviewing the literature. The clinical and biochemical components of the metabolic syndrome included cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, visceral obesity and depression, furthermore, insulin resistance, atherogenic lipid profile, hypogonadism, chronic systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were all demonstrated to affect adversely the sexual function. The dysfunction of the sexual arousal response shows a strong association in men and a milder one in women with the cardiovascular diseases and depression. Sexual function in diabetes mellitus is mostly impaired by microvascular injury, polyneuropathy and autonomic neuropathy. Erectile dysfunction and disorder of the female sexual arousal response and the orgasm, respectively, are associated with insulin resistance, atherogenic lipid profile and systemic inflammatory condition in overweight or obese patients. Sexual dysfunction particularly in men can be an early sign of the severe complications of metabolic syndrome. The pathogenetic link between the metabolic syndrome and the sexual dysfunction seems to be the insulin resistance. Both metabolic syndrome and sexual dysfunction can be restored by altering the lifestyle. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(3): 98–103.

scholarly journals Correlations between PNPLA3 Gene Polymorphisms and NAFLD in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1249
Author(s):  
Oana Irina Gavril ◽  
Lidia Iuliana Arhire ◽  
Radu Sebastian Gavril ◽  
Madalina Ioana Zota ◽  
Andreea Gherasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a worldwide significant public health problem, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Identifying possible risk factors for the disease is mandatory for a better understandingand management of this condition. Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) has been linked to the development and evolution of fatty liver but not to insulin resistance. The aim of this study isto evaluate the relationships between PNPLA3 and fatty liver, metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without insulin treatment. The degree of liver fat loading was assessed by ultrasonography, and subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed using carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype determination was performed by high-resolution melting analysis that allowed three standard genotypes: CC, CG, and GG. Results: Among the 92 patients, more than 90% showed various degrees of hepatic steatosis, almost 62% presented values over the normal limit for the CIMT. The majority of the included subjects met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Genotyping of PNPLA3 in 68 patients showed that the difference between subjects without steatosis and subjects with hepatic steatosis was due to the higher frequency of genotype GG. The CC genotype was the most common in the group we studied and was significantly more frequent in the group of subjects with severe steatosis; the GG genotype was significantly more frequent in subjects with moderate steatosis; the frequency of the CG genotype was not significantly different among the groups.When we divided the group of subjects into two groups: those with no or mild steatosis and those with moderate or severe steatosis it was shown that the frequency of the GG genotype was significantly higher in the group of subjects with moderate or severe steatosis. PNPLA3 genotypes were not associated with metabolic syndrome, subclinical atherosclerosis, or insulin resistance. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PNPLA3 does not independently influence cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The hypothesis that PNPLA3 may have a cardioprotective effect requires future confirmation.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Controversial Aspects of Adiponectin in Cardiometabolic Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 695-707
Author(s):  
Emilio Antonio Francischetti ◽  
Rômulo Sperduto Dezonne ◽  
Cláudia Maria Pereira ◽  
Cyro José de Moraes Martins ◽  
Bruno Miguel Jorge Celoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Adiponectin Receptors ◽  
Circulating Levels

AbstractIn 2016, the World Health Organization estimated that more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight or obese. This impressive number shows that weight excess is pandemic. Overweight and obesity are closely associated with a high risk of comorbidities, such as insulin resistance and its most important outcomes, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin has emerged as a salutary adipocytokine, with insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protective properties. However, under metabolically unfavorable conditions, visceral adipose tissue-derived inflammatory cytokines might reduce the transcription of the adiponectin gene and consequently its circulating levels. Low circulating levels of adiponectin are negatively associated with various conditions, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. In contrast, several recent clinical trials and meta-analyses have reported high circulating adiponectin levels positively associated with cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. These results are biologically intriguing and counterintuitive, and came to be termed “the adiponectin paradox”. Adiponectin paradox is frequently associated with adiponectin resistance, a concept related with the downregulation of adiponectin receptors in insulin-resistant states. We review this contradiction between the apparent role of adiponectin as a health promoter and the recent evidence from Mendelian randomization studies indicating that circulating adiponectin levels are an unexpected predictor of increased morbidity and mortality rates in several clinical conditions. We also critically review the therapeutic perspective of synthetic peptide adiponectin receptors agonist that has been postulated as a promising alternative for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

2499-PUB: Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD): A Marker of Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) among Saudi Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2499-PUB
Author(s):  
AYLA TOURKMANI ◽  
ABDULAZIZ BIN RSHEED ◽  
HEBA ANSARA ◽  
TURKI ALHARBI ◽  
MOSTAFA FOUAD
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter
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