Characteristics of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell and CD4+ T Cell in HIV Elite Controllers

Despite variability, the majority of HIV-1-infected individuals progress to AIDS characterized by high viral load and massive CD4+ T-cell depletion. However, there is a subset of HIV-1-positive individuals that does not progress and spontaneously maintains an undetectable viral load. This infrequent patient population is defined as HIV-1 controllers (HIV controllers), and represents less than 1% of HIV-1-infected patients. HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells and the pool of central memory CD4+ T cells are also preserved despite immune activation due to HIV-1 infection. The majority of HIV controllers are also defined by the absence of massive CD4+ T-cell depletion, even after 10 years of infection. However, the mechanisms involved in protection against HIV-1 disease progression have not been elucidated yet. Controllers represent a heterogeneous population; we describe in this paper some common characteristics concerning innate immune response and CD4+ T cells of HIV controllers.

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Memory and naive-like regulatory CD4+ T cells expand during HIV-2 infection in direct association with CD4+ T-cell depletion irrespectively of viremia

AIDS ◽

10.1097/qad.0b013e32834b3554 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (16) ◽

pp. 1961-1970 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Russell B. Foxall ◽

Adriana S. Albuquerque ◽

Rui S. Soares ◽

António P. Baptista ◽

Rita Cavaleiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cell Depletion ◽

T Cell Depletion ◽

Direct Association

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T cell depletion in HIV-1 infection: how CD4+ T cells go out of stock

Nature Immunology ◽

10.1038/79724 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 285-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 257

Author(s):

Mette D. Hazenberg ◽

Dörte Hamann ◽

Hanneke Schuitemaker ◽

Frank Miedema

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Cell Depletion ◽

T Cell Depletion ◽

Hiv 1

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CD4 T Cell Depletion Is Linked Directly to Immune Activation in the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 but Only Indirectly to the Viral Load

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.169.6.3400 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 169 (6) ◽

pp. 3400-3406 ◽

Cited By ~ 346

Author(s):

Ana E. Sousa ◽

Jorge Carneiro ◽

Martin Meier-Schellersheim ◽

Zvi Grossman ◽

Rui M. M. Victorino

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Immune Activation ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cell Depletion ◽

T Cell Depletion ◽

Hiv 1

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Interaction between HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis: HIV-1-induced CD4 T-cell depletion and the development of active tuberculosis

10.31219/osf.io/w6vm2 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Christof Geldmacher ◽

Michael Hoelscher ◽

Alimuddin Zumla

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

T Cell ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cell Depletion ◽

Effector Memory ◽

T Cell Depletion

Purpose of Review: HIV infection is the main driver of the HIV/tuberculosis (TB) syndemic in southern Africa since the early 1990s, when HIV infection rates started to increase exponentially and TB incidence rates quadruplet simultaneously. Here, we discuss pathogenic mechanisms of HIV-induced CD4 T-cell depletion and their potential impact on immune control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Recent Findings: Depletion of effector memory CD4 T cells from the air-tissue interphase, their dysfunctional regeneration and the preferential depletion of MTB-specific CD4 T cells from circulation and from the air-tissue interphase might be key factors for the increased susceptibility to develop active TB after HIV infection. Summary: Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy or the development of an efficacious HIV vaccine would be the best options to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the HIV/TB syndemic. © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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Restriction of HIV-1 replication in macrophages and CD4+ T cells from HIV controllers

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2010-12-327106 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 955-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Asier Sáez-Cirión ◽

Chiraz Hamimi ◽

Anna Bergamaschi ◽

Annie David ◽

Pierre Versmisse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Viral Reservoir ◽

Cell Resistance ◽

Viral Control ◽

Hiv Controllers ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract How HIV controllers (HICs) maintain undetectable viremia without therapy is unknown. The strong CD8+ T-cell HIV suppressive capacity found in many, but not all, HICs may contribute to long-lasting viral control. However, other earlier defense mechanisms may be involved. Here, we examined intrinsic HIC cell resistance to HIV-1 infection. After in vitro challenge, monocyte-derived macrophages and anti–CD3-activated CD4+ T cells from HICs showed low HIV-1 susceptibility. CD4 T-cell resistance was independent of HIV-1 coreceptors and affected also SIVmac infection. CD4+ T cells from HICs expressed ex vivo higher levels of p21Waf1/Cip1, which has been involved in the control of HIV-1 replication, than cells from control subjects. However, HIV restriction in anti–CD3-activated CD4+ T cells and macrophages was not associated with p21 expression. Restriction inhibited accumulation of reverse transcripts, leading to reduction of HIV-1 integrated proviruses. The block could be overcome by high viral inocula, suggesting the action of a saturable mechanism. Importantly, cell-associated HIV-1 DNA load was extremely low in HICs and correlated with CD4+ T-cell permissiveness to infection. These results point to a contribution of intrinsic cell resistance to the control of infection and the containment of viral reservoir in HICs.

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Sa.115. Are HIV-1-Induced Non-Classical MHC Molecules On CD4+T-Cells and Elevated Levels of Gamma-Delta CTLS in the Peripheral Blood of AIDS Patients Two Complementary Pieces of “CD4+ T-Cell Depletion” Puzzle?

Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.clim.2006.04.347 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 119 ◽

pp. S146

Author(s):

Sardar Sindhu ◽

Jose Menezes ◽

Maud Loignon ◽

Lise Cyr ◽

Richard Morisset ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cell Depletion ◽

Gamma Delta ◽

Aids Patients ◽

T Cell Depletion ◽

Mhc Molecules ◽

Hiv 1

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Longitudinal Analysis of Peripheral and Colonic CD161+ CD4+ T Cell Dysfunction in Acute HIV-1 Infection and Effects of Early Treatment Initiation

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12121426 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1426

Author(s):

Kerri Lal ◽

Yuwadee Phuang-Ngern ◽

Suchada Suhkumvittaya ◽

Edwin Leeansyah ◽

Aljawharah Alrubayyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Population ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Acute Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

CD161 expression on CD4+ T cells is associated with a Th17 functional phenotype, as well as with an innate capacity to respond to interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 without T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with loss of the CD161+ CD4 T cell population, and non-human primate studies suggest that their depletion is associated with disease progression. However, the dynamics of the CD161+ CD4+ T cell population during acute HIV-1 infection remains unknown. In this study, we characterize peripheral blood CD161+ CD4+ T cells in detail, and examine how they are affected during the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection. Unbiased surface proteome screening and principal component analysis indicated that CD161+ CD4+ T cells are relatively phenotypically homogeneous between donors, and are intermediates between conventional CD4 T cells and innate-like T cells. In acute untreated HIV-1 infection, the circulating CD161+ CD4+ T cell population decreased in frequency, as did absolute cell counts starting from peak viral load, with elevated levels of activation and exhaustion markers expressed throughout acute HIV-1 infection. The capacity of these cells to respond to stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18 was also reduced. Early initiation of anti-retroviral treatment (ART) during acute HIV-1 infection restored the functionality of peripheral blood CD161+ CD4+ T cells, but not their frequency. In contrast, early ART initiation prevented the decline of colonic CD161+ CD4+ T cells that otherwise started during acute infection. Furthermore, loss of peripheral and colonic CD161+ CD4+ T cells in untreated infection was associated with levels of viral load. These results suggest that acute HIV-1 infection has profound effects on the CD161+ CD4+ T cell population that could not be completely prevented by the initiation of ART.

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