scholarly journals Understanding Methods for Estimating HIV-Associated Maternal Mortality

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Rosen ◽  
Isabelle de Zoysa ◽  
Karl Dehne ◽  
Viviana Mangiaterra ◽  
Quarraisha Abdool-Karim
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Programmes

The impact of HIV on maternal mortality and more broadly on the health of women, remains poorly documented and understood. Two recent reports attempt to address the conceptual and methodological challenges that arise in estimating HIV-related maternal mortality and trends. This paper presents and compares the methods and discusses how they affect estimates at global and regional levels. Country examples of likely patterns of mortality among women of reproductive age are provided to illustrate the critical interactions between HIV and complications of pregnancy in high-HIV-burden countries. The implications for collaboration between HIV and reproductive health programmes are discussed, in support of accelerated action to reach the Millennium Development Goals and improve the health of women.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Aid on Maternal Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Banchani ◽  
Liam Swiss
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

In 2010, the G8 placed renewed focus on maternal health via the Muskoka Initiative by committing to spend an additional $5 billion on maternal, newborn, and child health before 2015. Following the end of the Millennium Development Goals and the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals, maternal health issues have continued to feature prominently on the global health agenda. Despite these substantial investments of foreign aid over the past decade, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of foreign aid in reducing maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using data from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Development Indicators and the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, this study analyzes the effects of aid on maternal health in a sample of 130 LMICs from 1996 through 2015. Our results show that the effects of total foreign aid on maternal mortality are limited, but that aid allocated to the reproductive health sector and directly at maternal health is associated with significant reductions in maternal mortality. Given these targeted effects, it is important to channel more donor assistance to the promotion of reproductive health and contraceptive use among women as it serves as a tool towards the reduction of maternal mortality.

scholarly journals Sexual Function in Women With and Without Female Genital Mutilation in Reproductive Age in South of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Bokaie ◽  
Samaneh Hatefi ◽  
Shahnaz Mojahed ◽  
Nasibeh Roozbeh
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
P Value ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Objectives: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is an important public health issue, especially in developing countries and it is still done in some parts of Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FGM on the sexual function of women of reproductive age in Hormozgan province/IRAN.Study design: This study is a descriptive-analytical case-control study that was conducted in 2020 on 209 married women of reproductive age (15-49) in rural areas of Minab and Sirik counties in Hormozgan province/IRAN. Main outcome measures: The reliable and valid questionnaire FSFI for assessing female sexual function in the two groups was used after to obtain informed and voluntary consent from all participants and data with SPSS v: 16 software and with using descriptive/ Analytical statistics tests with a significant level of 0.05 were examined. Results: There is a significant difference between mutilated and non-mutilated women in the total score of sexual function(22.18±3.23 versus 23.41±2.52 respectively, p=0.023) and the domains of lubrication(3.04±0.62 versus 3.3±0.53 respectively, P=0.000), orgasm(3.81±0.63 versus 4.08±0.47 respectively, P=0.003), and sexual satisfaction(5.09±0.1 versus 5.37±0.87 respectively, P=0.017) But in the domains of desire, arousal, and pain in the two groups was no significant difference(P-value>0.05). Conclusion: FGM maybe leads to sexual dysfunction. Although most women were reluctant to perform mutilation on their daughters, more educational Actions are suggested to educate women about the impact of female mutilation on their sexual function. Counseling programs are also recommended to improve the sexual function of mutilated women.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Reproductive Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phelan Niamh ◽  
Lucy Ann Behan ◽  
Lisa Owens
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Home Schooling ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Women’S Reproductive Health ◽  
Women's Reproductive Health ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the lives of the global population. It is known that periods of stress and psychological distress can affect women’s menstrual cycles. We therefore performed an observational study of women’s reproductive health over the course of the pandemic thus far.Materials and MethodsAn anonymous digital survey was shared by the authors via social media in September 2020. All women of reproductive age were invited to complete the survey.Results1031 women completed the survey. Mean age was 36.7 ± 6.6 years (range, 15–54). 693/70% reported recording their cycles using an app or diary. 233/23% were using hormonal contraception. 441/46% reported a change in their menstrual cycle since the beginning of the pandemic. 483/53% reported worsening premenstrual symptoms, 100/18% reported new menorrhagia (p = 0.003) and 173/30% new dysmenorrhea (p < 0.0001) compared to before the pandemic. 72/9% reported missed periods who not previously missed periods (p = 0.003) and the median number of missed periods was 2 (1–3). 17/21% of those who “occasionally” missed periods pre-pandemic missed periods “often” during pandemic. 467/45% reported a reduced libido. There was no change in the median cycle length (28 days) or days of bleeding (5) but there was a wider variability of cycle length (p = 0.01) and a 1 day median decrease in the minimum (p < 0.0001) and maximum (p = 0.009) cycle length. Women reported a median 2 kg increase in self-reported weight and a 30-min increase in median weekly exercise. 517/50% of women stated that their diet was worse and 232/23% that it was better than before the pandemic. 407/40% reported working more and 169/16% were working less. Women related a significant increase in low mood (p < 0.0001), poor appetite (p < 0.0001), binge eating (p < 0.0001), poor concentration (p < 0.0001), anxiety (p < 0.0001), poor sleep (p < 0.0001), loneliness (p < 0.0001) and excess alcohol use (p < 0.0001). Specific stressors reported included work stress (499/48%), difficulty accessing healthcare (254/25%), change in financial (201/19%) situation, difficulties with home schooling (191/19%) or childcare (99/10%), family or partner conflict (170/16%), family illness or bereavement (156/15%).ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the reproductive health of women. The long term health implications of this are yet to be determined and future studies should address this.

scholarly journals Maternal Mortality Risk di Indonesia dengan Analisis Biplot dan Klaster Menggunakan Data Survei Kesehatan dan Demografi Indonesia (SDKI) Tahun 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
You Ari Faeni ◽  
Adina Astasia
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Development Goals

Tingkat kasus kematian Ibu di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi. Berdasarkan evaluasi Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) pada tahun 2015, kasus kematian ibu di Indonesia masih pada posisi 305 per 100.000 kelahiran. Padahal target yang dicanangkan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) adalah 102 per 100.000 kelahiran dan target SDG’s tahun 2030 adalah 70 kematian per 100.000 kelahiran. Sebenarnya Skilled care before, during and after childbirth can save the lives of women. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko kematian ibu di Indonesia melalui indikator kesehatan ibu yang merupakan penjabaran dari skilled care before, during and after childbirth, kemudian mengelompokkan wilayah berdasarkan indikator tersebut. Variabel-variabel yang ada direduksi menggunakan analisis komponen utama untuk memastikan variabel-variabel bersifat orthogonal dan disajikan dalam bentuk biplot dan cluster untuk mempermudah interpretasi. Hasil analisis gabungan antara biplot dan cluster menunjukkan bahwa cluster pertama memiliki risiko kematian ibu terendah, cluster kedua memiliki risiko kematian ibu sedang, sementara cluster ketiga memiliki risiko kematian ibu tertinggi. Provinsi-provinsi pada klaster ketiga membutuhkan perhatian lebih karena memiliki risiko kematian ibu tertinggi akibat kurang adanya pengawasan oleh tenaga kesehatan saat kehamilan, saat melahirkan, dan setelah melahirkan.

Maternal morbidity

2018 ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Mary McCauley ◽  
Nynke van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Maternal morbidity describes complications that have a significant effect on women during and after pregnancy, and are a leading cause of ill-health among women of reproductive age, especially in low- and middle-income countries. With the introduction of the new Sustainable Development Goals, the scope of global maternal health targets has been expanded, moving from a focus on preventing maternal mortality to formulating targets and emphasising the importance of maternal health and wellbeing. This chapter introduces the new concept of maternal morbidity, suggests how this relates to maternal mortality, and summarises what is known about the burden of maternal morbidity globally and what interventions and research are needed to improve maternal health during and after pregnancy, with an emphasis on the context of low- and middle-income countries.

The impact of probiotic supplementation on metabolic health in healthy women of reproductive age: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 10279-10289
Author(s):  
David F. Byrne ◽  
Aisling A. Geraghty ◽  
Cara A. Yelverton ◽  
Eileen F. Murphy ◽  
Douwe Van Sinderen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Preventative Measure ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
The Impact

Products containing probiotics are targeted at healthy or at-risk individuals as a preventative measure to minimise disease risk.

Exploring the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) as a micro-Millennium Development Goals’ framework in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebusuyi Isaac Adeniran
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Sustainable Human Development ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS), a socio-economic framework for enabling sustainable human development in Nigeria, and how it incorporates the basic targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) into government policy at both the national and grassroots levels. The chapter draws on the results of a study that was conducted to assess the specific impacts of the NEEDS policy in the process of improving the condition of existence in Nigeria by promoting socio-economic inclusivity. It considers the achievements of the NEEDS, the impediments that have constrained its functioning, and the lessons that have been or could be learnt from related achievements and failures of past development policies in Nigeria. It also offers some recommendations to make the NEEDS more effective in addressing the challenges and threats posed by poverty and other social incongruence in Nigeria.

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