scholarly journals The Performance of ICDAS-II Using Low-Powered Magnification with Light-Emitting Diode Headlight and Alternating Current Impedance Spectroscopy Device for Detection of Occlusal Caries on Primary Molars

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timucin Ari ◽  
Nilgun Ari
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Icdas Ii

Early detection of occlusal caries in children is challenging for the dentists, because of the morphology of pit and fissures. The aim of this study was to compare in vitro the diagnostic performance of low-powered magnification with light-emitting diode headlight (LPMLED) using ICDAS-II criteria and AC Impedance Spectroscopy (ACIS) device, on occlusal surfaces of primary molars. The occlusal surfaces of 18 extracted primary molars were examined blindly by two examiners. The teeth were sectioned and examined under light microscopy using Downer’s histological criteria as gold standard. Good to excellent inter- and intraexaminer reproducibility, higher sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values were achieved by LPMLED at D1 threshold. Also the relationship between histology and LPMLED was statistically significant. In conclusion visual aids have the potential to improve the performance of early caries detection and clinical diagnostics in children. Despite its potential, ACIS device should be considered as an adjunct method in detecting caries on primary teeth.

In Vitro Evaluation of Midwest Caries ID: A Novel Light-emitting Diode for Caries Detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Patel ◽  
WD Shepard ◽  
JA Barros ◽  
CF Streckfus ◽  
RL Quock
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Assessment Guidelines ◽  
System Data

SUMMARY Introduction Traditional detection techniques have limits in diagnosing occlusal caries. Thus, more accurate methods are needed. This study evaluates the ability of the Midwest Caries ID (Midwest) to detect caries. Methods Two hundred sixty-four extracted, nonrestored premolars and molars were cleaned and stored in 0.2% sodium azide. Teeth were divided into three groups of 88. One examination site on each occlusal surface was chosen. Each site was inspected by a calibrated examiner via visual, Midwest, and histologic exams. First, a visual exam was performed following the International Caries Detection and Assessment guidelines. Next, the same site was inspected using the Midwest device. Finally, the tooth was sectioned mesiodistally through the site. The half with greater caries progression was visualized under a stereomicroscope (64×). Histologic appearance was scored based on the Downer system. Data were analyzed using Kendall tau-b, partial correlation coefficients, and the receiver operating characteristics curve. Results Overall, the Midwest scoring assessment correlated with histologic assessments (tau = 0.32; p<0.0001), but the visual exam had a stronger correlation (tau = 0.53; p<0.0001) with the histologic exam. The sensitivity and specificity of the Midwest was also reported at 0.56 and 0.84, compared with 0.92 and 0.43, respectively, for the visual exam. Conclusions Midwest Caries ID is a novel caries detection device that has limitations and should not be used as the sole means to detect occlusal caries.

Histological validation of the automated caries detection system (ACDS) in classifying occlusal caries with the ICDAS II system in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
E. D. Berdouses ◽  
C. J. Oulis ◽  
M. Michalaki ◽  
E. E. Tripoliti ◽  
D. I. Fotiadis
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Icdas Ii ◽  
Histological Validation

scholarly journals Automated caries detection with smartphone color photography using machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 146045822110075
Author(s):  
Duc Long Duong ◽  
Malitha Humayun Kabir ◽  
Rong Fu Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Icdas Ii ◽  
Untreated Caries

Untreated caries is significant problem that affected billion people over the world. Therefore, the appropriate method and accuracy of caries detection in clinical decision-making in dental practices as well as in oral epidemiology or caries research, are required urgently. The aim of this study was to introduce a computational algorithm that can automate recognize carious lesions on tooth occlusal surfaces in smartphone images according to International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). From a group of extracted teeth, 620 unrestored molars/premolars were photographed using smartphone. The obtained images were evaluated for caries diagnosis with the ICDAS II codes, and were labeled into three classes: “No Surface Change” ( NSC); “Visually Non-Cavitated” ( VNC); “Cavitated” ( C). Then, a two steps detection scheme using Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been proposed: “ C versus (VNC  +  NSC)” classification, and “ VNC versus NSC” classification. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of best model were 92.37%, 88.1%, and 96.6% for “ C versus (VNC  +  NSC),” whereas they were 83.33%, 82.2%, and 66.7% for “ VNC versus NSC.” Although the proposed SVM system required further improvement and verification, with the data only imaged from the smartphone, it performed an auspicious potential for clinical diagnostics with reasonable accuracy and minimal cost.

Diagnostic Performance of Different Methods in Detecting Incipient Non-Cavitated Occlusal Caries Lesions in Permanent Teeth

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Murat Ünal ◽  
Arzu Koçkanat ◽  
Seniha Güler ◽  
Esra Gültürk
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Diagnodent Pen ◽  
Icdas Ii

Aim: This in vitro study was aimed to investigate the performance of the new caries detection tools on the incipient occlusal caries. Study design: In our study, 100 permanent molar teeth, which were considered to have incipient, enamel caries (D1 and D2 threshold values) according to ICDAS II score. After the visual examination, caries measurements have been applied to all teeth by using DIAGNOdent pen (DP), CarieScan PRO (CP) and SoproLife camera (SC). In addition, in vitro examinations were repeated 2 weeks later. After sectioning and evaluation in stereomicroscope, the lesion depth was determined with histological criteria that are accepted for the gold standard for this research. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the ROC curve were calculated at D1 and D2 thresholds. The intra-examiners' reproducibility were analysed using Cohen's kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Intra-examiner repeatability values varied from 0.94 to 0.99 and kappa values ranged from 0.90 to 0.99. While the highest sensitivity and specificity value showed for SC at D1 and D2 thresholds, CP presented the lowest values. The area under ROC curves (Az) varied from 0.70 to 0.99. ICDAS II showed the highest area under ROC curves (Az). Conclusions: ICDAS II, visual diagnostic method by itself is considered to sufficient in order to diagnose incipient occlusal caries. SC may be used as an alternative method for the ICDAS II, since its advantages by displaying caries lesion on the computer monitor, follow-up and motivation of the patients provided.

scholarly journals Glass Ionomer Sealant versus Fluoride Varnish Application to Prevent Occlusal Caries in Primary Second Molars among Preschool Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Phoebe Pui Ying Lam ◽  
Divesh Sardana ◽  
Weijia Luo ◽  
Manikandan Ekambaram ◽  
Gillian Hiu Man Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Significant Difference

Fissure sealant is a recommended preventive measure on permanent molars, but its efficacy on primary molars in preschool children is still in doubt. Sodium fluoride varnish (NaFV) enhances remineralization and is effective in preventing caries in smooth surfaces, but limited information is available regarding its use on occlusal surfaces of primary molars. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of glass ionomer sealant (GIS) versus topical application of 5% NaFV in preventing and arresting occlusal caries in primary second molars among preschool children. One calibrated examiner examined children aged 3–4 years for visible plaque index (VPI), decayed-missing-filled primary surface (dmfs) index, and extent of carious lesions by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Subjects with 1 or more primary second molars that were sound or with incipient lesions (ICDAS 0–1), with distinct visual enamel changes (ICDAS 2), or with localized enamel breakdown (ICDAS 3) were recruited. The children were randomly assigned to either NaFV group – application of 5% NaFV at 3-monthly intervals or GIS group – 1 single placement of GIS. A parental questionnaire was used to collect information on the children’s sociodemographic background and oral health-related habits. Two blinded examiners conducted clinical examinations after 6 and 12 months to evaluate the development of occlusal caries and the retention of GIS. Negative binomial regression using generalized estimating equations was employed to adjust for the clustering effect and evaluate the influence of selected variables on the development of occlusal caries into dentin at 12 months. A total of 323 children with 1,159 primary second molars received the respective preventive measures at baseline. At 12 months, 280 children with 989 molars were evaluated. Caries had developed or progressed into dentin in 7.8% and 8.0% of the molars in the NaFV and GIS groups, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.913). The overall retention rates of GIS were 24.6% and 13.5% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Regression analyses showed only baseline caries experience, and an ICDAS code had a significant association with occlusal caries progression. Quarterly NaFV application and single GIS placement showed similar effectiveness in the prevention of occlusal caries development among preschool children.

scholarly journals Detection of Non-Cavitated Occlusal Caries with Impedance Spectroscopy and Laser Fluorescence: an In Vitro Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Mortensen ◽  
Katrine Dannemand ◽  
Svante Twetman ◽  
Mette Kirstine Keller
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Fluorescence ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Diagnodent Pen ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Caries Lesions

Objective: To evaluate the performance of an impedance spectroscopy technology for detecting non-cavitated occlusal caries lesions in permanent teeth in vitro. The method was compared with a commonly used laser fluorescence device and validated against histology. Material and Methodology: A non-cavitated sample of 100 extracted posterior teeth was randomly selected and assessed for caries on enamel and dentin level with aid of CarioScan PRO (ACIS) and DIAGNOdent pen (LF pen) by three examiners. After the measurements, the extension of the lesion was histologically determined as gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and receiver-operating curves were calculated. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility was expressed by intra class correlation coefficients. Results: The histological caries prevalence was 99% and 41% exhibited dentin caries. The ACIS technique displayed high specificities but almost negligible sensitivities at readings >50. A similar pattern was noted for the LF pen at readings >30. The intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility varied between 0.47 and 0.98 and the values were generally lower for the ACIS technique than for the LF pen. The inter-examiner agreement reached excellent levels with both methods. Conclusions: In vitro, the ACIS technique showed a low ability to disclose occlusal caries lesions in the enamel and/or dentin of non-cavitated permanent molars. However, further in vivo studies of permanent occlusal surfaces are needed to mirror the clinical situation.

Performance of light-emitting diode device in detecting occlusal caries in the primary molars

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele B. Diniz ◽  
Priscila H. Campos ◽  
Sabrina Wilde ◽  
Rita de Cássia L. Cordeiro ◽  
Andréa G. F. Zandona
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Light Emitting

scholarly journals Diagnostic Drama. Use of ICDAS II and Fluorescence-Based Intraoral Camera in Early Occlusal Caries Detection: A Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2937
Author(s):  
Marta Mazur ◽  
Maciej Jedliński ◽  
Artnora Ndokaj ◽  
Denise Corridore ◽  
Antonello Maruotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Icdas Ii

Background: Early diagnosis of occlusal caries is of paramount importance for a minimally invasive approach in dentistry. The aim of the present in vivo clinical prospective study was to compare the diagnostic outcomes of visual subjective evaluation between the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) and an intraoral fluorescence-based camera (VistaCam iX Proof, Dürr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany) for the detection of pits and fissures in early caries lesions of posterior teeth. Methods: The study included 1011 posterior teeth in 255 patients aged 13–20 years (mean age 16 ± 2.2 years). Two blinded operators evaluated all the occlusal surfaces and the first assigned an ICDAS-II code, while the second assessed the VistaCam score: sound enamel (score 0–1.2); initial enamel decay (score 1.2–1.5); dentine caries (score 1.5–3). Results: Some 283 (28%) of the assessed teeth were ICDAS-II code 0; 334 (33%) code 1; 189 (18.7%) code 2; 176 (17.4%) code 3; and 29 (2.9%) code 4. The level of agreement between the two procedures was expressed by using Cohen’s and Fleiss’ kappa statistics and performing McNemar’s test. VistaCam assessed in 513 (50.7%) sound enamel; in 292 (28.9%) initial enamel decay; and in 206 (20.4%) dentine caries. Conclusions: This comparative study showed a poor agreement between the two diagnostic methods, especially between ICDAS-II 0, 1 and 2 codes and fluorescence assessments.

Sealant versus Fluoride in Primary Molars of Kindergarten Children Regularly Receiving Fluoride Varnish: One-Year Randomized Clinical Trial Follow-Up

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisko Honkala ◽  
Mohamed ElSalhy ◽  
Maddi Shyama ◽  
Sabiha A. Al-Mutawa ◽  
Hanan Boodai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Rate ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Caries Lesions

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to measure the caries preventive effect of sealants applied to occlusal surfaces of primary molars compared to fluoride varnish applications, and to assess the retention rate of sealants after 1 year. Methods: 147 first-grade pupils from two kindergarten schools in Kuwait, whose parents gave their written consent, were included. The children were examined by one dentist using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. After the examination, sealants and fluoride varnish were applied on the selected occlusal surfaces of primary molars by another dentist. The jaw quadrant for intervention was selected randomly; molars on the contralateral side of the mouth received the contralateral intervention. Examinations and intervention were provided on the school premises in the mobile dental unit with a portable spotlight. Moisture was controlled by cotton rolls, suction and air drying. The follow-up examinations were conducted after 1 year. All children received fluoride varnish before and 6 months after the intervention. Results: From 267 matched pairs of occlusal surfaces of primary molars, varnished surfaces were significantly more likely to develop new caries lesions than the sealed ones (odds ratio = 2.92; 95% confidence interval = 1.82-4.71) during the 1-year follow-up. The majority (73.0%) of the sealants were completely retained and 15.1% partially. Conclusions: Sealing fissures seems to be better in preventing occlusal caries lesions in primary molars than applying only fluoride varnish. After 1 year, the majority of sealants were retained sound.

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