scholarly journals Glass Ionomer Sealant versus Fluoride Varnish Application to Prevent Occlusal Caries in Primary Second Molars among Preschool Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Phoebe Pui Ying Lam ◽  
Divesh Sardana ◽  
Weijia Luo ◽  
Manikandan Ekambaram ◽  
Gillian Hiu Man Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Significant Difference

Fissure sealant is a recommended preventive measure on permanent molars, but its efficacy on primary molars in preschool children is still in doubt. Sodium fluoride varnish (NaFV) enhances remineralization and is effective in preventing caries in smooth surfaces, but limited information is available regarding its use on occlusal surfaces of primary molars. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of glass ionomer sealant (GIS) versus topical application of 5% NaFV in preventing and arresting occlusal caries in primary second molars among preschool children. One calibrated examiner examined children aged 3–4 years for visible plaque index (VPI), decayed-missing-filled primary surface (dmfs) index, and extent of carious lesions by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Subjects with 1 or more primary second molars that were sound or with incipient lesions (ICDAS 0–1), with distinct visual enamel changes (ICDAS 2), or with localized enamel breakdown (ICDAS 3) were recruited. The children were randomly assigned to either NaFV group – application of 5% NaFV at 3-monthly intervals or GIS group – 1 single placement of GIS. A parental questionnaire was used to collect information on the children’s sociodemographic background and oral health-related habits. Two blinded examiners conducted clinical examinations after 6 and 12 months to evaluate the development of occlusal caries and the retention of GIS. Negative binomial regression using generalized estimating equations was employed to adjust for the clustering effect and evaluate the influence of selected variables on the development of occlusal caries into dentin at 12 months. A total of 323 children with 1,159 primary second molars received the respective preventive measures at baseline. At 12 months, 280 children with 989 molars were evaluated. Caries had developed or progressed into dentin in 7.8% and 8.0% of the molars in the NaFV and GIS groups, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.913). The overall retention rates of GIS were 24.6% and 13.5% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Regression analyses showed only baseline caries experience, and an ICDAS code had a significant association with occlusal caries progression. Quarterly NaFV application and single GIS placement showed similar effectiveness in the prevention of occlusal caries development among preschool children.

Sealant versus Fluoride in Primary Molars of Kindergarten Children Regularly Receiving Fluoride Varnish: One-Year Randomized Clinical Trial Follow-Up

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisko Honkala ◽  
Mohamed ElSalhy ◽  
Maddi Shyama ◽  
Sabiha A. Al-Mutawa ◽  
Hanan Boodai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Rate ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Caries Lesions

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to measure the caries preventive effect of sealants applied to occlusal surfaces of primary molars compared to fluoride varnish applications, and to assess the retention rate of sealants after 1 year. Methods: 147 first-grade pupils from two kindergarten schools in Kuwait, whose parents gave their written consent, were included. The children were examined by one dentist using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. After the examination, sealants and fluoride varnish were applied on the selected occlusal surfaces of primary molars by another dentist. The jaw quadrant for intervention was selected randomly; molars on the contralateral side of the mouth received the contralateral intervention. Examinations and intervention were provided on the school premises in the mobile dental unit with a portable spotlight. Moisture was controlled by cotton rolls, suction and air drying. The follow-up examinations were conducted after 1 year. All children received fluoride varnish before and 6 months after the intervention. Results: From 267 matched pairs of occlusal surfaces of primary molars, varnished surfaces were significantly more likely to develop new caries lesions than the sealed ones (odds ratio = 2.92; 95% confidence interval = 1.82-4.71) during the 1-year follow-up. The majority (73.0%) of the sealants were completely retained and 15.1% partially. Conclusions: Sealing fissures seems to be better in preventing occlusal caries lesions in primary molars than applying only fluoride varnish. After 1 year, the majority of sealants were retained sound.

scholarly journals The Performance of ICDAS-II Using Low-Powered Magnification with Light-Emitting Diode Headlight and Alternating Current Impedance Spectroscopy Device for Detection of Occlusal Caries on Primary Molars

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timucin Ari ◽  
Nilgun Ari
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Icdas Ii

Early detection of occlusal caries in children is challenging for the dentists, because of the morphology of pit and fissures. The aim of this study was to compare in vitro the diagnostic performance of low-powered magnification with light-emitting diode headlight (LPMLED) using ICDAS-II criteria and AC Impedance Spectroscopy (ACIS) device, on occlusal surfaces of primary molars. The occlusal surfaces of 18 extracted primary molars were examined blindly by two examiners. The teeth were sectioned and examined under light microscopy using Downer’s histological criteria as gold standard. Good to excellent inter- and intraexaminer reproducibility, higher sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values were achieved by LPMLED at D1 threshold. Also the relationship between histology and LPMLED was statistically significant. In conclusion visual aids have the potential to improve the performance of early caries detection and clinical diagnostics in children. Despite its potential, ACIS device should be considered as an adjunct method in detecting caries on primary teeth.

scholarly journals Effect of Primary Molar Caries on Caries Development in the Adjacent Permanent First Molars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jafari ◽  
Saideh Aslani ◽  
Mahboobeh Zangooei ◽  
Hossein Hessari ◽  
Ahmad Reza Shamshiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Dental Instruments

Objectives: Dental caries is among the most common chronic diseases of the childhood. This study sought to assess the effect of caries experience in primary molars on caries development in the adjacent permanent first molars. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 413 students aged 7 and 8 years. Clinical dental examination was performed by two independent examiners using disposable dental instruments and a head light. Dental caries was evaluated using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) for all four permanent first molars and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index for the primary molars. Data were analyzed using the Pearson’s Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: When primary first molars were sound, 22.9% of the permanent first molars of the same quadrant were sound. When primary second molars were sound, 25.7% of the adjacent permanent first molars were sound. A carious primary second molar had a stronger correlation with development of dentin caries in the adjacent permanent first molar than a carious primary first molar (P<0.001). Conclusion: The current results confirmed that carious primary molars can significantly affect caries development in the adjacent permanent first molars, and a carious primary second molar has a significantly greater effect than a carious primary first molar in this respect. Thus, special attention should be paid to oral hygiene and proper tooth brushing of primary molars, particularly second molars.

Sweet Taste Perception and Dental Caries in 13- to 15-Year-Olds: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ashi ◽  
C. Lara-Capi ◽  
G. Campus ◽  
G. Klingberg ◽  
P. Lingström
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Significant Difference

Dietary habits and, in particular, the intake frequency of sucrose are of major importance for the development of dental caries. The perception of sweet taste is believed to have an influence on sucrose intake and therefore affects the predisposition to dental caries. The aim was to study the caries experience and sweet taste perception and to further analyze the possible relationship between the 2 tested variables in 13- to 15-year-old children from 3 different geographical areas. A cross-sectional survey comprising 669 children (220 Italian, 224 Mexican, and 225 Saudi Arabian) was conducted. The children were examined in their school setting. A sweet taste perception level was determined by the sweet taste threshold (TT) and sweet taste preference (TP). The sweet test was performed with sucrose solutions varying in concentration from 1.63 to 821.52 g/L. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and DMFS indices were used to diagnose caries. The highest mean value for TT was found for Italian children followed by Saudi and Mexican. Saudi schoolchildren showed the highest mean values for TP and DMFS, followed by Italian and Mexican. A statistically significant difference for TP, TT, DMFS, and initial caries was found between the 3 countries. A weak yet positive correlation was found between taste perception (TT and TP) versus DMFS and manifest caries in all 3 countries (r = 0.137-0.313). The findings of the present study showed a variation in sweet taste perception between the 3 countries, which may influence the caries outcome of the children in the individual countries.

scholarly journals Clinical effectiveness of fluorescence, digital images and ICDAS for detecting occlusal caries

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Dupim PRESOTO ◽  
Tamara Carolina TREVISAN ◽  
Maria Costa de ANDRADE ◽  
Andrea Abi-Rached DANTAS ◽  
Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini CAMPOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Discrimination Capacity ◽  
Caries Lesions

Abstract Introduction The detection of small caries lesions is still a challenge for dental professionals who in their clinical practice have a wide variety of methods to detect caries on occlusal surfaces. Objective To clinically assess the effectiveness of the Vista Proof fluorescence camera, the Vista Cam digital intraoral micro camera and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) visual criterion for detecting caries lesions on occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth. Material and method One hundred and seven posterior teeth from adult patients were examined visually and by means of digital radiographs by an examiner who rated them according to the presence or absence of occlusal caries. The teeth were then assessed by the other examiner using ICDAS, fluorescence and magnified digital images. The effectiveness of the methods was measured based on sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio. For each method, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the ROC curve (AUROC) were estimated. Result There was exceptional discrimination capacity for the intraoral images (AUROC=.93) and the ICDAS (AUROC=.91), with no significant statistical difference between them (z=.35, p=.73). The fluorescence exhibited an acceptable discrimination capacity (AUROC=0.78), although it was lower than the others. The positive likelihood ratio for the fluorescence was only 2.32, compared to 20.58 for the intraoral image and 58.11 for the ICDAS. Conclusion Both methods and the ICDAS exhibited an adequate clinical performance, although the ICDAS and intraoral image were more effective than the fluorescence.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of teaching International Caries Detection and Assessment System II and its e-learning program to freshman dental students on occlusal caries detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatem M. El-Damanhoury ◽  
Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin ◽  
Manal A. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Dental Students ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Occlusal Caries Detection ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Icdas Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
E Learning

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the feasibility of teaching International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II and its e-learning program as tools for occlusal caries detection to freshmen dental students in comparison to dental graduates with 2 years of experience. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four freshmen and 32 dental graduates examined occlusal surfaces of molars/premolars (n = 72) after a lecture and a hands-on workshop. The same procedure was repeated after 1 month following the training with ICDAS II e-learning program. Validation of ICDAS II codes was done histologically. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of ICDAS II severity scores were assessed before and after e-learning using (Fleiss's kappa). Results: The kappa values showed inter-examiner reproducibility ranged from 0.53 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 1) to 0.70 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 3) by undergraduates and 0.69 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 1) to 0.95 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 3) by graduates. The inter-examiner reproducibility ranged from 0.64 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 1) to 0.89 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 3). No statistically significant difference was found between both groups in intra-examiner agreements for assessing ICDAS II codes. A high statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) in correct identification of codes 1, 2, and 4 from before to after e-learning were observed in both groups. The bias indices for the undergraduate group were higher than those of the graduate group. Conclusions: Early exposure of students to ICDAS II is a valuable method of teaching caries detection and its e-learning program significantly improves their caries diagnostic skills.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Drama. Use of ICDAS II and Fluorescence-Based Intraoral Camera in Early Occlusal Caries Detection: A Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2937
Author(s):  
Marta Mazur ◽  
Maciej Jedliński ◽  
Artnora Ndokaj ◽  
Denise Corridore ◽  
Antonello Maruotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Icdas Ii

Background: Early diagnosis of occlusal caries is of paramount importance for a minimally invasive approach in dentistry. The aim of the present in vivo clinical prospective study was to compare the diagnostic outcomes of visual subjective evaluation between the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) and an intraoral fluorescence-based camera (VistaCam iX Proof, Dürr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany) for the detection of pits and fissures in early caries lesions of posterior teeth. Methods: The study included 1011 posterior teeth in 255 patients aged 13–20 years (mean age 16 ± 2.2 years). Two blinded operators evaluated all the occlusal surfaces and the first assigned an ICDAS-II code, while the second assessed the VistaCam score: sound enamel (score 0–1.2); initial enamel decay (score 1.2–1.5); dentine caries (score 1.5–3). Results: Some 283 (28%) of the assessed teeth were ICDAS-II code 0; 334 (33%) code 1; 189 (18.7%) code 2; 176 (17.4%) code 3; and 29 (2.9%) code 4. The level of agreement between the two procedures was expressed by using Cohen’s and Fleiss’ kappa statistics and performing McNemar’s test. VistaCam assessed in 513 (50.7%) sound enamel; in 292 (28.9%) initial enamel decay; and in 206 (20.4%) dentine caries. Conclusions: This comparative study showed a poor agreement between the two diagnostic methods, especially between ICDAS-II 0, 1 and 2 codes and fluorescence assessments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of glass ionomer sealants placed according to the ART approach in a community with high caries experience: 1-year follow-up

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Falavinha Vieira ◽  
Nildiceli Leite Melo Zanella ◽  
Eduardo Bresciani ◽  
Terezinha de Jesus Esteves Barata ◽  
Salete Moura Bonifácio da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Rates ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the retention rates and effect on occlusal caries incidence of two glass ionomers used as sealants, placed according to the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) approach, in a high caries-risk community. A total of 150 newly erupted first molars of 42 schoolchildren, between 6-8 years of age were selected. The teeth were divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, 76 teeth were sealed using Vidrion R-SS White (conventional GIC) and in the control group, 74 teeth were sealed using ChemFlex-Dentsply (high-viscosity conventional GIC). The sealants were applied by one operator following the "press finger technique", described in the ART-WHO manual. Two calibrated independent examiners carried out the evaluation according to the ART criteria. The intra and inter-examiner agreements were 0.84 and 0.81, respectively. Data were submitted to Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests (p<0.05). At the 1-year follow-up, 136 (90.7%) sealants were evaluated. In the control group: 28 (41.8%) of the sealants were partially or completely retained, 38 (56.7%) completely lost, and 1 (1.5%) was replaced by another treatment. In the experimental group, 30 (43.5%) of the sealants were partially or completely retained, 38 (55.1%) were clinically scored as complete loss and 1 (1.4%) were replaced by another treatment. Seven sealants in both groups were not evaluated. Secondary caries was not observed in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the retention (p=0.49) and effect on caries incidence rates for both groups (p=0.84). The clinical performance of the glass ionomer sealants of both groups was considered satisfactory with a high success rate (98.5%). Although the sealants placed according to the ART approach showed retention rates lower than 50% after 1 year in newly erupted first molars, this approach seems to be appropriate for communities with high caries experience.

In Vitro Evaluation of ICDAS and Radiographic Examination of Occlusal Surfaces and Their Association With Treatment Decisions

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Diniz ◽  
LM Lima ◽  
G Eckert ◽  
AG Ferreira Zandona ◽  
RCL Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Impact On Treatment

Clinical RelevanceIt has been suggested that occlusal caries detection has become more difficult due to the widespread use of fluoride, which slows down lesion progression and delays cavitation. The ability to detect caries lesions at an early stage has a significant impact on treatment decisions, improving the possibility for a successful preventive intervention. In this investigation, the authors found that the International Caries Detection and Assessment System associated with radiographic examination has the potential to support treatment decisions for occlusal surfaces.

scholarly journals Performance of methods for detecting occlusal caries lesions: ICDAS X radiological image

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e1859108490
Author(s):  
Tânia Cristina Simões ◽  
Leonardo Carmezini Marques ◽  
André Tomazini Gomes de Sá ◽  
Sandra Mara Maciel ◽  
Marcelo Lupion Poleti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Radiological Image ◽  
Caries Lesions

Objective: We investigated the precision and accuracy of methods to detect caries lesions on the occlusal surface in vitro using ICDAS and radiological image. Methodology: Human third molars (n=14) were placed in an acrylic resin base and maintained wet during the study. The occlusal surfaces were visually inspected by three examiners using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) method. The condition of each tooth was registered by images obtained with Digital Radiography (DR), Microcomputed Tomography (µ-CT) and Histologic Specimen (HS). For each tooth and method utilized in the study, an image was selected based on the largest extension of caries found, wherein the three examiners attributed a score to the lesion in accordance with the visual description of each method. The Kappa index, Fisher’s exact test and the Spearman´s correlation coefficient were used for evaluating reliability and accuracy, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Considerable interobserver reliability values were found for ICDAS (k = 0.701), almost perfect for µ-CT (k = 0.855) and HS (k = 0.920), and reasonable for DR (k = 0.221). Significant statistical difference was observed for ICDAS (p < 0.05), and for DR and µ-CT methods (p < 0.01). The correlation was moderate for ICDAS (r = 0.597), high for DR (r = 0.764) and perfect for µ-CT (1.000). Conclusions: the most reliability method for detecting caries lesions on occlusal surfaces in vitro was µ-CT, followed by ICDAS and DR. The most accurate method was µ-CT, followed by DR and ICDAS.

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