scholarly journals Impact of Intravenous Drug Use on HIV/AIDS among Women Prisoners: A Mathematical Modelling Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C. P. Bhunu ◽  
S. Mushayabasa
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Women Prisoners ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
Manifold Theory ◽  
Hiv Aids

Intravenous drug use and tattooing remain one of the major routes of HIV/AIDS transmission among prisoners. We formulate and analyze a deterministic model for the role of intravenous drug use in HIV/AIDS transmission among women prisoners. With the aid of the Centre Manifold theory, the endemic equilibrium is shown to be locally asymptotically stable when the corresponding reproduction number is greater than unity. Analysis of the reproduction number and numerical simulations suggest that an increase in intravenous drug use among women prisoners as they fail to cope with prison settings fuels the HIV/AIDS epidemic in women prisoners. Failure to control HIV/AIDS among female prisoners may be a time bomb to their communities upon their release. Thus, it may be best to consider free needle/syringe exchange and drug substitution treatment programmes in women prisons as well as considering open prison systems for less serious crimes.

scholarly journals Intravenous Drug Use in Belgrade as a Syndemic Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Bojan Žikić
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Way ◽  
Hiv Aids

Singer’s concept of syndemic, which signifies the combined presence of two or more diseases within a population, where these diseases represent the consequences of the way of life or living conditions of the population in question, is applied to intravenous drug use in Belgrade. The diseases which are taken into account are HIV/AIDS, HCV, pulmonary diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. It is shown that the circumstances which are inherent to the milieu of intravenous drug use, and which otherwise influence its formation, also influence the development of syndemics within it, or rather its establishing as a factor of the syndemic, the major epidemiological basis of which is constituted by HCV.

scholarly journals A descriptive study of associated factors with HIV/AIDS among antiretroviral users of Eastern Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
VK Khanal ◽  
RB Rayamajhi ◽  
B Neupane ◽  
SU Kafle ◽  
B Thapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

INTRODUCTION: In Nepal, the firstcase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was reported in 1988, since then the epidemic is driven by sexual transmission and intravenous drug use. The aim of this research is to study various associated factors with HIV/AIDS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2009 – April 2010 at three Anti-retroviral treatment centers (B.P.K.I.H.S, Dharan, Koshi Zonal Hospital, Biratnagar and Mechi Zonal Hospital, Bhadrapur). A purposive sampling technique was applied to include all 234 seropositive patients who were under medication from these centers. RESULTS: Males represented 71% of the patients. More than 75%of the patients fell in the age group of 20-39 years. 35.9% of them had visited commercial sexual workers and similar proportion of them had shared needles during intravenous drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Unsafe high risk behavior with commercial sexual worker and needle sharing habit were found to be the associated with HIV/AIDS patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8667 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):95-98

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS Cases According to the Year of Diagnosis and Selected Characteristics of Cases Registered in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1991-2004

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Ravlija ◽  
Sandra Puvačić ◽  
Zlatko Puvačić ◽  
Ivan Curić
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Heterosexual Intercourse ◽  
Hiv Aids

In the period between 1991-2004, in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina there were altogether 59 registered HIV positive persons, out of those 43 were clinically diagnosed with AIDS. Gender-wise, 83% of the infected were male, and 17% female. The age groups with the highest risk of being infected with HIV are 20-24 and 40-44. The most frequent way of infection is heterosexual intercourse (46%), followed by intravenous drug use (31%), whilst 23% of the registered were infected through homosexual intercourse. Out of 43 diagnosed AIDS cases, 42% are heterosexuals, 35% intravenous drug users, whilst 21 % are homosexual or bisexual. Out of the total number of registered HIV/AIDS cases in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, thirty two died during the mentioned period (54%).

Review of HIV Infection and Intravenous Drug Use.

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-656
Author(s):  
Terri Gullickson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use

scholarly journals 191. oral versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment in Skin and Soft Tissue Infections as a Consequence of Intravenous Drug Use: A Retrospective Study to Demonstrate Noninferiority

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S224-S224
Author(s):  
Aryn M Andrzejewski ◽  
J Alex Viehman
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Treatment Completion ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Oral Group

Abstract Background Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are among the most prevalent infectious complications of intravenous drug use (IVDU). Given its polymicrobial nature, studies focusing on SSTIs in the general population may not be generalizable this group. We completed a retrospective chart review to better characterize the safety and efficacy of oral versus intravenous (IV) antibiotics for the treatment SSTIs in IVDU. Methods We reviewed patients admitted with bacterial SSTIs and IVDU from January 01, 2012 to December 31, 2019 based on ICD-10 codes. SSTIs complicated by bacteremia, endocarditis, bone or joint involvement on index admission were excluded. Patients who received < 48 hours of IV antibiotics were considered oral therapy, otherwise they were considered IV therapy. Patient comorbidities, incision and drainage (I&D) status, substance use, microbiology and antimicrobial data were reviewed. Results Of 231 eligible patients, 84 received oral therapy. There was no statistical difference in patient characteristics between the two therapy groups. Streptococcus anginosus group were the most common organisms found (33%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (31%). There was no statistical difference between rates of readmission (p=0.87), recurrent primary site infection (p=1.00), repeat debridement (p=0.08) or occurrence of deep-seated infections within 90 days of treatment completion. No morality was observed. The oral group had shorter length of stay (3 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001) and shorter total duration of antibiotics (10 vs. 13 days, p < 0.001). Overall, 90% of those with abscess underwent I&D, which did not differ between therapy groups. Time to I&D was shorter (0 vs. 1 day, p=0.005) in the oral group. Patients who did not receive and I&D were more likely to be readmitted within 90 days (p=0.025). Conclusion In SSTIs related to IVDU, oral antibiotic therapy was noninferior to IV in terms of mortality, readmission, and deep-seated infection rates within 90 days of treatment completion and had a decreased length of stay and total treatment duration. A delay in I&D led to increased length of stay and lack of I&D increased readmission rate. Therefore, a prompt I&D may allow a safe and effective early transition to oral therapy in SSTIs related to IVDU. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Endocarditis and the impact of intravenous drug use: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher H. D. Lawrence ◽  
James Cheaveau ◽  
Michalis Kavourides ◽  
David Chadwick ◽  
Brendan McCarron
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
The Impact
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