scholarly journals Individuals Diagnosed with Schizophrenia Assign Emotional Importance to Neutral Stimuli: An fMRI Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Lakis ◽  
Adrianna Mendrek
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Cerebral Activation ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Neutral Material ◽  
Significant Deficit

The majority of functional neuroimaging studies investigating neural correlates of emotion processing in schizophrenia report a significant deficit in limbic structures activation in patients relative to control participants. Recently it has been suggested that this apparent “deficit” could be due to an enhanced sensitivity of the neutral material in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, rather than due to their inefficiency in emotion processing. The purpose of the present study was to test this supposition and verify if the potential effect is present in both men and women diagnosed with schizophrenia. In order to do that we examined the pattern of cerebral activation associated with processing of neutral stimuli in schizophrenia. Thirty-seven schizophrenia patients and 37 healthy controls viewed neutral and emotional images while in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Schizophrenia patients rated the neutral images as more emotionally salient than controls. Additionally, patients showed significant activation during processing of neutral images in limbic and prefrontal regions; similar areas were underactivated in patients relative to controls during processing of emotional information. Investigation of sex differences revealed that the enhanced responsiveness to the emotionally neutral material was attributed primarily to men with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Emotion Processing in Women with Schizophrenia Is Menstrual Cycle Phase and Affective Valence Dependent: An fMRI Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna Mendrek ◽  
Josiane Bourque ◽  
Annie Dubé ◽  
Nadia Lakis ◽  
Julie Champagne
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Main Effect

Despite a large number of functional neuroimaging investigations of emotion processing in schizophrenia, very few have included women. In the present study 21 schizophrenia and 23 healthy women underwent functional MRI (3T) on two occasions (during the follicular and luteal phase of their menstrual cycle) while viewing blocks of emotionally negative, positive and neutral images. During exposure to negatively charged images patients showed relatively less activations than controls during the luteal phase, but no between-group differences were observed during the follicular phase. In contrast, the exposure to positively valenced material produced no significant interaction, but the main effect of group; schizophrenia patients exhibited less activation than healthy controls during both phases of the menstrual cycle. This is the first study demonstrating that atypical neural activations associated with emotion processing in women diagnosed with schizophrenia depend on the menstrual cycle phase and on the affective valence of presented stimuli.

scholarly journals The Short and Long of It: Neural Correlates of Temporal-order Memory for Autobiographical Events

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy St. Jacques ◽  
David C. Rubin ◽  
Kevin S. LaBar ◽  
Roberto Cabeza
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Visual Cortices ◽  
Temporal Order Memory ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments

Previous functional neuroimaging studies of temporal-order memory have investigated memory for laboratory stimuli that are causally unrelated and poor in sensory detail. In contrast, the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated temporal-order memory for autobiographical events that were causally interconnected and rich in sensory detail. Participants took photographs at many campus locations over a period of several hours, and the following day they were scanned while making temporal-order judgments to pairs of photographs from different locations. By manipulating the temporal lag between the two locations in each trial, we compared the neural correlates associated with reconstruction processes, which we hypothesized depended on recollection and contribute mainly to short lags, and distance processes, which we hypothesized to depend on familiarity and contribute mainly to longer lags. Consistent with our hypotheses, parametric fMRI analyses linked shorter lags to activations in regions previously associated with recollection (left prefrontal, parahippocampal, precuneus, and visual cortices), and longer lags with regions previously associated with familiarity (right prefrontal cortex). The hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal cortex activity fits very well with evidence and theories regarding the contributions of the left versus right prefrontal cortex to memory (recollection vs. familiarity processes) and cognition (systematic vs. heuristic processes). In sum, using a novel photo-paradigm, this study provided the first evidence regarding the neural correlates of temporal-order for autobiographical events.

The neural correlates of romantic love following rejection: An fMRI study

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Aron ◽  
Helen Fisher ◽  
Greg Strong ◽  
Deb Mashek ◽  
HaiFang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Love ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Fmri Study

Neural correlates of conflict resolution in an object-based Simon effect: An fMRI study

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonello Pellicano ◽  
Houpand Horoufchin ◽  
Harshal Patel ◽  
Iring Koch ◽  
Ferdinand Binkofski
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Simon Effect ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Fmri Study

Neural correlates of intuition: an event-related fMRI study of implicit perception of semantic coherence

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ilg ◽  
K Vogeley ◽  
T Goschke ◽  
A Bolte ◽  
NJ Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Semantic Coherence ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Implicit Perception

Neural Correlates in Patients with Major Affective Disorders: An fMRI Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Serafini ◽  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Andrea Romano ◽  
Denise Erbuto ◽  
Dorian A. Lamis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Effects of ketamine on brain function during metacognition of episodic memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Lehmann ◽  
Claudia Neumann ◽  
Sven Wasserthal ◽  
Johannes Schultz ◽  
Achilles Delis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Confidence Ratings

Abstract Only little research has been conducted on the pharmacological underpinnings of metacognition. Here, we tested the modulatory effects of a single intravenous dose (100 ng/ml) of the N-methyl-D-aspartate-glutamate-receptor antagonist ketamine, a compound known to induce altered states of consciousness, on metacognition and its neural correlates. Fifty-three young, healthy adults completed two study phases of an episodic memory task involving both encoding and retrieval in a double-blind, placebo-controlled fMRI study. Trial-by-trial confidence ratings were collected during retrieval. Effects on the subjective state of consciousness were assessed using the 5D-ASC questionnaire. Confirming that the drug elicited a psychedelic state, there were effects of ketamine on all 5D-ASC scales. Acute ketamine administration during retrieval had deleterious effects on metacognitive sensitivity (meta-d′) and led to larger metacognitive bias, with retrieval performance (d′) and reaction times remaining unaffected. However, there was no ketamine effect on metacognitive efficiency (meta-d′/d′). Measures of the BOLD signal revealed that ketamine compared to placebo elicited higher activation of posterior cortical brain areas, including superior and inferior parietal lobe, calcarine gyrus, and lingual gyrus, albeit not specific to metacognitive confidence ratings. Ketamine administered during encoding did not significantly affect performance or brain activation. Overall, our findings suggest that ketamine impacts metacognition, leading to significantly larger metacognitive bias and deterioration of metacognitive sensitivity as well as unspecific activation increases in posterior hot zone areas of the neural correlates of consciousness.

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