scholarly journals Effect of Chitosan on Rhizome Rot Disease of Turmeric Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathiyanarayanan Anusuya ◽  
Muthukrishnan Sathiyabama
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Rhizome Rot

Chitosan was evaluated for its potential to induce antifungal hydrolases in susceptible turmeric plant (Curcuma longa L.). Under field conditions, the application of chitosan (crab shell) to turmeric plants by foliar spray method induces defense enzymes such as chitinases and chitosanases. Such an increase in enzyme activity was enhanced by spraying chitosan (0.1% w/v) on leaves of turmeric plants at regular intervals. Gel electrophoresis revealed new chitinase and chitosanase isoforms in leaves of turmeric plants treated with chitosan. Treated turmeric plants showed increased resistance towards rhizome rot disease caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, whereas control plants expressed severe rhizome rot disease. Increased activity of defense enzymes in leaves of chitosan treated turmeric plants may play a role in restricting the development of disease symptoms. The eliciting properties of chitosan make chitosan a potential antifungal agent for the control of rhizome rot disease of turmeric.

scholarly journals Intensitas dan Luas Serangan Beberapa Isolat Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi pada Jahe Gajah

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Hermawati Cahyaningrum ◽  
Nur Prihatiningsih ◽  
Soedarmono Soedarmono
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Screen House ◽  
Rhizome Rot ◽  
Growth Ability

Ginger is one of the spices and medicinal commodities which is cultivated in Indonesia. One of the obstacles encountered in the cultivation of ginger is the rhizome rot disease which is mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. zingiberi Trujillo. This study is aimed to know the growth ability and virulence level of the isolates on ginger rhizome and plants. The research was conducted in the laboratory and in the screen house by using Complete Random Design consisted of 10 treatments and 4 replications. The parameters observed were growth ability of F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi, rhizome rot disease symptoms, incubation period, extensive decay and weight difference of the rhizomes. The results showed that F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi which was stored for 4 years in sterile soil medium was still capable to cause damage to the rhizome and plants. Incubation periods of rhizome decay and plant symptoms were from 3 to 11.5 and 55.5 to 68.5 days, respectively. The most virulent isolate was MSO1 with extensive decay of rhizome and the wilting intensity were 108.95 mm2 dan 33.88%, respectively. IntisariJahe merupakan salah satu komoditas rempah dan obat yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam budidaya jahe adalah adanya gangguan penyakit busuk rimpang yang disebabkan (terutama) oleh Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. zingiberi Trujillo. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji daya tumbuh dan virulensi isolat F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi pada rimpang dan tanaman jahe gajah. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan di rumah kasa menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) yang masing-masing terdiri dari 10 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi daya tumbuh F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi, gejala penyakit busuk rimpang, masa inkubasi, luas pembusukan dan selisih bobot basah rimpang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi yang telah di simpan 4 tahun dalam medium tanah steril mampu menyebabkan kerusakan pada rimpang dan tanaman jahe. Masa inkubasi gejala busuk pada rimpang serta gejala pada tanaman masing- masing berkisar antara 3–11,5 serta 55,5–68,5 hari. Isolat yang paling virulen adalah MSO1 dengan nilai luas pembusukan pada rimpang dan intensitas penyakit masing-masing sebesar 108,95 mm2 dan 33,88%.

scholarly journals Botanicals to Control Soft Rot Bacteria of Potato

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
M. E. Ali ◽  
I. H. Mian ◽  
A. M. Akanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Corchorus Capsularis ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
And Storage

Extracts from eleven different plant species such as jute (Corchorus capsularisL.), cheerota (Swertia chiraitaHam.), chatim (Alstonia scholarisL.), mander (Erythrina variegata), bael (Aegle marmelosL.), marigold (Tagetes erecta), onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativumL.), neem (Azadiracta indica), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and turmeric (Curcuma longaL.) were tested for antibacterial activity against potato soft rot bacteria,E. carotovorasubsp.carotovora (Ecc)P-138, underin vitroand storage conditions. Previously,EccP-138 was identified as the most aggressive soft rot bacterium in Bangladeshi potatoes. Of the 11 different plant extracts, only extracts from dried jute leaves and cheerota significantly inhibited growth ofEccP-138in vitro. Finally, both plant extracts were tested to control the soft rot disease of potato tuber under storage conditions. In a 22-week storage condition, the treated potatoes were significantly more protected against the soft rot infection than those of untreated samples in terms of infection rate and weight loss. The jute leaf extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects onEcc-138 growth both inin vitroand storage experiments.

scholarly journals BROWN ROOT ROT DISEASE OF CASHEW IN WEST NUSA TENGGARA: DISTRIBUTION AND ITS CAUSAL ORGANISM

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Supriadi Supriadi ◽  
E.M. Adhia ◽  
D. Wahyuno ◽  
S. Rahayuningsih ◽  
N. Karyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Lannea Coromandelica ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Brown Root Rot

Brown root rot disease is a major constraint on cashew plantation in Pekat District, West Nusa Tenggara. Its causal agent has not been characterized. This paper describes efforts to study the pathogen, distribution and loss. Field study was conducted in Pekat District in 2003. Laboratory  experiments to isolate and test the causal agent were conducted in the Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor.  Research results showed that the disease was found widespread in several villages in Pekat District, such as Pekat, Beringin Jaya, Sorinomo, and Nangamiro. Total number of died cashew trees was 1,075 equals to 5,106 kg kernel yield lost, worth Rp20.5 million. Infected trees showed leaf yellowing and defoliation leading to die. The lateral and taproots near collar were encrusted with gravel, earth, and brown mycelia sleeves. The fungus produced arthrospores and brown pigmentation on agar medium containing 0.05% gallic acid. An isolate of the fungus induced typical disease symptoms following inoculation on 5 month-old cashew seedlings. These results indicated that the causal agent of mass decline of cashew in Pekat District is Phellinus noxius. In field, the fungus also infects a barrier tree (Lannea coromandelica [Houtt.] Merr.) (Anacardiaceae), locally known as kedondong pagar or kayu bantenan.

Potential of plant extracts in combination with bacterial antagonist treatment as biocontrol agent of red rot of sugarcane

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jayakumar ◽  
R. Bhaskaran ◽  
S. Tsushima
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Red Rot Disease ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Rot Disease

Plant extracts and antifungal microorganisms were tested singly and in combination for biocontrol of sugarcane red rot disease ( Colletotrichum falcatum ) using two sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivars, CoC671 and CoC92061, in pot and field experiments. Leaf extracts of Abrus precatorius and Bassia latifolia and the rhizome extract of Curcuma longa reduced Colletotrichum falcatum mycelial growth by 80%, 58%, and 57%, respectively. Although sugarcane- planting materials (setts) treated individually with either Pseudomonas fluorescens Md1 or A. precatorius in pot experiments had the lowest incidences of red rot, 20.1% and 24.2%, respectively, none of the plant extracts were effective in the field. In contrast, when the two varieties were tested separately in two field locations, the setts treated with A. precatorius in combination with a spray or soil application of P. fluorescens Md1 had the lowest incidence of red rot in both locations, e.g., 3.1% and 3.4% incidence for CoC92061 in one location, and had a similar response to the chemical control. The results suggest the applicability of plant-based extracts for the suppression of sugarcane red rot disease in the field as an environment-friendly tool in combination with antagonists.

LAMP assay for distinguishing Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium commune in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) rhizomes

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Deng ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Yifan Chen ◽  
Hui Feng ◽  
Dongmei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Rhizome Rot

The yields of edible rhizome from the cultivation of the perennial hydrophyte lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) can be severely reduced by rhizome rot disease caused by Fusarium species. There is a lack of rapid field-applicable methods for detection of these pathogens on lotus plants displaying symptoms of rhizome-rot. Fusarium commune (91%) and Fusarium oxysporum (9%) were identified at different frequencies from lotus samples showing symptoms of rhizome-rot. As these two species can cause different severity of disease and their morphology is very similar, molecular-diagnostic based methods to detect these two species were developed. Based on the comparison of the mitochondrial genome of the two species, three specific DNA loci targets were found. The designed primer sets for conventional PCR, qPCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) precisely distinguished the above two species when isolated from lotus and other plants. The LAMP detection limits were 10 pg/μl and 1 pg/μl of total DNA for F. commune and F. oxysporum, respectively. We also carried out field-mimicked experiments on lotus seedlings and rhizomes (including inoculated samples and field diseased samples), and the results indicated that the LAMP primer sets and the supporting portable methods are suitable for the rapid diagnosis of the lotus disease in the field. The LAMP-based detection method will aid in the rapid identification of whether F. oxysporum or F. commune are infecting lotus plants with symptoms of rhizome-rot, and can facilitate efficient pesticide use and prevent the disease spread through vegetative propagation of Fusarium-infected lotus rhizomes.

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