scholarly journals Arterial Elasticity, Strength, Fatigue, and Endurance in Older Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Hunter ◽  
William H. Neumeier ◽  
C. Scott Bickel ◽  
John P. McCarthy ◽  
Gordon Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Arterial Elasticity ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Arterial health may influence muscle function in older adults. Study purpose was to determine whether arterial elasticity is related to strength, central and peripheral fatigue, fatigue at rest, and treadmill endurance. Subjects were 91 healthy women aged >60. Treadmill endurance and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured. Peripheral and central fatigue for the knee extensors were evaluated using two isometric fatigue tests (one voluntary and one adding electrical stimulation). Arterial elasticity was determined using radial artery pulse wave analysis. Linear multiple regression was used in statistical analysis. Large artery elasticity was associated with central fatigue(P<0.01)and treadmill endurance(P<0.02)after adjusting for VO2max and knee extension strength. Subjective fatigue at rest was related to large artery elasticity after adjusting for ethnic origin (<0.02). Strength was significantly related to small artery elasticity after adjusting for ethnic origin, leg lean tissue, age, and blood pressure. Arterial elasticity is independently related to strength and fatigue in older women, especially in the central nervous system where arterial elasticity is independently related to perceptions of fatigue at rest and central fatigue. These results suggest that arterial health may be involved with the ability of the central nervous system to activate muscle in older women.

scholarly journals The role of the nervous system in neuromuscular fatigue induced by ultra-endurance exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Y. Millet ◽  
Vincent Martin ◽  
John Temesi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Neuromuscular Fatigue ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ultra Endurance

Ultra-endurance events are not a recent development but they have only become very popular in the last 2 decades, particularly ultramarathons run on trails. The present paper reviews the role of the central nervous system in neuromuscular fatigue induced by ultra-endurance exercise. Large decreases in voluntary activation are systematically found in ultra-endurance running but are attenuated in ultra-endurance cycling for comparable intensity and duration. This indirectly suggests that afferent feedback, rather than neurobiological changes within the central nervous system, is determinant in the amount of central fatigue produced. Whether this is due to inhibition from type III and IV afferent fibres induced by inflammation, disfacilitation of Ia afferent fibers owing to repeated muscle stretching or other mechanisms still needs to be determined. Sleep deprivation per se does not seem to play a significant role in central fatigue although it still affects performance by elevating ratings of perceived exertion. The kinetics of central fatigue and recovery, the influence of muscle group (knee extensors vs plantar flexors) on central deficit as well as the limitations related to studies on central fatigue in ultra-endurance exercise are also discussed in the present article. To date, no study has quantified the contribution of spinal modulations to central fatigue in ultra-endurance events. Future investigations utilizing spinal stimulation (i.e., thoracic stimulation) must be conducted to assess the role of changes in motoneuronal excitability on the observed central fatigue. Recovery after ultra-endurance events and the effect of sex on neuromuscular fatigue must also be studied further.

Black Blood MRI in Suspected Large Artery Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pfefferkorn ◽  
Jennifer Linn ◽  
Maximilian Habs ◽  
Christina Opherk ◽  
Clemens Cyran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Black Blood ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Black Blood Mri ◽  
Primary Angiitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Improved tolerance of peripheral fatigue by the central nervous system after endurance training

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1401-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zghal ◽  
F. Cottin ◽  
I. Kenoun ◽  
H. Rebaï ◽  
W. Moalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Are Your Muscles or Your Brain Making You Feel Tired After Exercise?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Zhang ◽  
Juana Li ◽  
Ryan Miller ◽  
Marina Batraka ◽  
Sophie Marie Anne Effing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Did you know your muscles can feel exhausted without actually being exhausted? It turns out that your brain is just as important as your muscles when it comes to fatigue, or physical tiredness. You can experience “peripheral” fatigue, which is fatigue originating from the muscles, or you can experience central fatigue, which originates from the brain and central nervous system. By studying both the brain and the muscles, scientists can examine which is causing your fatigue. But how? Do we need to perform brain surgery to get answers? Luckily, special techniques involving stimulation of the nerves and muscles can be used instead! In this article, we illustrate how scientists determine if the tiredness you feel after exercising is caused by central or peripheral fatigue or maybe both. We will also explore the differences between the two.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

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