Validation of a Novel Virtual Reality Simulator for Robotic Surgery

Objective. With the increase in robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery there is a concomitant rising demand for training methods. The objective was to establish face and construct validity of a novel virtual reality simulator (dV-Trainer, Mimic Technologies, Seattle, WA) for the use in training of robot-assisted surgery.Methods. A comparative cohort study was performed. Participants (n=42) were divided into three groups according to their robotic experience. To determine construct validity, participants performed three different exercises twice. Performance parameters were measured. To determine face validity, participants filled in a questionnaire after completion of the exercises.Results. Experts outperformed novices in most of the measured parameters. The most discriminative parameters were “time to complete” and “economy of motion” (P<0.001). The training capacity of the simulator was rated 4.6 ± 0.5 SD on a 5-point Likert scale. The realism of the simulator in general, visual graphics, movements of instruments, interaction with objects, and the depth perception were all rated as being realistic. The simulator is considered to be a very useful training tool for residents and medical specialist starting with robotic surgery.Conclusions. Face and construct validity for the dV-Trainer could be established. The virtual reality simulator is a useful tool for training robotic surgery.

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Face, content and construct validity of a virtual reality simulator for robotic surgery (SEP Robot)

Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England ◽

10.1308/003588411x12851639108358 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 152-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Andrea Gavazzi ◽

Ali N Bahsoun ◽

Wim Van Haute ◽

Kamran Ahmed ◽

Oussama Elhage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Robotic Surgery ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Virtual Reality Simulator ◽

Training Tool ◽

Valuable Adjunct ◽

Task Time ◽

Robotic Simulator ◽

Clinical Mentorship

INTRODUCTION This study aims to establish face, content and construct validation of the SEP Robot (SimSurgery, Oslo, Norway) in order to determine its value as a training tool. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The tasks used in the validation of this simulator were arrow manipulation and performing a surgeon's knot. Thirty participants (18 novices, 12 experts) completed the procedures. RESULTS The simulator was able to differentiate between experts and novices in several respects. The novice group required more time to complete the tasks than the expert group, especially suturing. During the surgeon's knot exercise, experts significantly outperformed novices in maximum tightening stretch, instruments dropped, maximum winding stretch and tool collisions in addition to total task time. A trend was found towards the use of less force by the more experienced participants. CONCLUSIONS The SEP robotic simulator has demonstrated face, content and construct validity as a virtual reality simulator for robotic surgery. With steady increase in adoption of robotic surgery world-wide, this simulator may prove to be a valuable adjunct to clinical mentorship.

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Validity assessment of a simulation module for robot-assisted thoracic lobectomy

Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals ◽

10.1177/0218492318813457 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

George Whittaker ◽

Abdullatif Aydin ◽

Sinthuri Raveendran ◽

Faizan Dar ◽

Prokar Dasgupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Robotic Surgery ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Face Validity ◽

Robot Assisted ◽

Validity Assessment ◽

King's College ◽

General Thoracic Surgery ◽

Robotic Surgery Simulator ◽

Robotic Surgical Training ◽

Surgery Simulator

Background Training for robot-assisted thoracic lobectomy remains an issue, prompting the development of virtual reality simulators. Our aim was to assess the construct and face validity of a new thoracic lobectomy module on the RobotiX Mentor, a robotic surgery simulator. We also aimed to determine the acceptability and feasibility of implementation into training. Methods This prospective, observational, and comparative study recruited novice (n = 16), intermediate (n = 9), and expert (n = 5) participants from King's College London, the 25th European Conference on General Thoracic Surgery, and the Society of Robotic Surgery conference 2018. Each participant completed two familiarization tasks followed by the Guided Robotic Lobectomy module and an evaluation questionnaire. Outcome measures were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Construct validity was demonstrated in 12/21 performance evaluation metrics. Significant differences between groups were found in all metrics including: time taken to complete module, vascular injury, respect for tissue, number of stapler firings, time instruments out of view, number of instrument collisions, and number of movements. Participants deemed aspects of the simulator (mean 3/5) and module (3/5) as realistic and rated the simulator as both acceptable (3.8/5) and feasible (3.8/5) for robotic surgical training. Conclusions Face validity, acceptability, and feasibility were established for the thoracic lobectomy module of the RobotiX Mentor simulator. Moderate evidence of construct validity was also demonstrated. With further work, this simulation module could help to reduce the initial part of the learning curve for trainees and decrease the risk of errors during live training.

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891 FACE, CONTENT AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF A VIRTUAL REALITY SIMULATOR FOR ROBOTIC SURGERY (SEP ROBOT)

European Urology Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1569-9056(11)60875-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 280

Author(s):

A. Gavazzi ◽

A. Bahsoun ◽

K. Ahmed ◽

W. Van Haute ◽

M.S. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Robotic Surgery ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Virtual Reality Simulator

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Face, Content, and Construct Validity of dV-Trainer, a Novel Virtual Reality Simulator for Robotic Surgery

Urology ◽

10.1016/j.urology.2008.12.044 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 1288-1292 ◽

Cited By ~ 146

Author(s):

Patrick A. Kenney ◽

Matthew F. Wszolek ◽

Justin J. Gould ◽

John A. Libertino ◽

Alireza Moinzadeh

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Robotic Surgery ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Virtual Reality Simulator

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Construct, Face, and Content Validation on Voxel-Man® Simulator for Otologic Surgical Training

International Journal of Otolaryngology ◽

10.1155/2017/2707690 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Varoquier ◽

C. P. Hoffmann ◽

C. Perrenot ◽

N. Tran ◽

C. Parietti-Winkler

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Surgical Training ◽

Teaching Methods ◽

Traditional Teaching ◽

Virtual Reality Simulator ◽

Expert Group ◽

Traditional Teaching Methods ◽

The Face ◽

Nose And Throat

Objective. To assess the face, content, and construct validity of the Voxel-Man TempoSurg Virtual Reality simulator. Participants and Methods. 74 ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeons participated. They were assigned to one of two groups according to their level of expertise: the expert group (n=16) and the novice group (n=58). The participants performed four temporal bone dissection tasks on the simulator. Performances were assessed by a global score and then compared to assess the construct validity of the simulator. Finally, the expert group assessed the face and content validity by means of a five-point Likert-type scale. Results. experienced surgeons performed better (p<.01) and faster (p<.001) than the novices. However, the groups did not differ in terms of bone volume removed (p=.11) or number of injuries (p=.37). 93.7% of experienced surgeons stated they would recommend this simulator for anatomical learning. Most (87.5%) also thought that it could be integrated into surgical training. Conclusion. The Voxel-Man TempoSurg Virtual Reality simulator constitutes an interesting complementary tool to traditional teaching methods for training in otologic surgery.

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Role of the virtual reality simulator (ScanTrainer) as a multidisciplinary training tool in transvaginal ultrasound: A systematic review and narrative synthesis

Radiography ◽

10.1016/j.radi.2018.12.009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 260-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Almestehi ◽

W. Alomaim ◽

L. Rainford ◽

D. Stokes ◽

M. Stanton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽

Virtual Reality Simulator ◽

Narrative Synthesis ◽

Training Tool

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Development and validation of a virtual reality transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic biopsy simulator

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.554 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Venu Chalasani ◽

Derek W. Cool ◽

Shi Sherebrin ◽

Aaron Fenster ◽

Joseph Chin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Transrectal Ultrasound ◽

Face Validity ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Prostatic Biopsy ◽

Validity Testing ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Right ◽

Development And Validation

Objective: We present the design, reliability, face, content andconstruct validity testing of a virtual reality simulator for transrectalultrasound (TRUS), which allows doctors-in-training to performmultiple different biopsy schemes.Methods: This biopsy system design uses a regular “end-firing”TRUS probe. Movements of the probe are tracked with a micromagneticsensor to dynamically slice through a phantom patient’s3D prostate volume to provide real-time continuous TRUS views.3D TRUS scans during prostate biopsy clinics were recorded.Intrinsic reliability was assessed by comparing the left side of theprostate to the right side of the prostate for each biopsy. A contentand face validity questionnaire was administered to 26 doctors toassess the simulator. Construct validity was assessed by comparingnotes from experts and novices with regards to the time taken andthe accuracy of each biopsy.Results: Imaging data from 50 patients were integrated into thesimulator. The completed VR TRUS simulator uses real patientimages, and is able to provide simulation for 50 cases, with ahaptic interface that uses a standard TRUS probe and biopsy needle.Intrinsic reliability was successfully demonstrated by comparingresults from the left and right sides of the prostate. Face andcontent validity respondents noted the realism of the simulator,and its appropriateness as a teaching model. The simulator wasable to distinguish between experts and novices during constructvalidity testing.Conclusions: A virtual reality TRUS simulator has successfully beencreated. It has promising face, content and construct validity results.

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