The New Insight into the Role of Antimicrobial Proteins-Alarmins in the Immunopathogenesis of Psoriasis

The pathognesis of psoriasis still remains not fully elucidated. Recent advances favor the idea that interactions between innate and adaptive immune response drive inflammatory process in this disease. Innate antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are diverse group of small molecules that provide the first line of defense against invading pathogens. In recent years, the novel functions of AMPs have been identified. There are three subclasses among AMPs that have gained the special interest as a potentially important player in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: cathelicidin, S100 proteins, and defensins. These AMPs have been shown to modulate and trigger host immune response in psoriasis acting as interplayer between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Overexpressed in psoriatic lesions, they prime immune cells for enhanced production of proinflammatory mediators and act as chemoattractant for leukocytes. Therefore, the novel term describing AMPs alarmins has been suggested. As multifunctional player in pathogenesis of psoriasis, AMPs may constitute potential target for therapeutic interventions. However, further investigations are required to establish the methods of downregulation of the aberrant proinflammatory functions of AMPs without increasing the risk of infections.

Download Full-text

Thromboinflammation and Vascular Dysfunction

Hämostaseologie ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1676130 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (02) ◽

pp. 180-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susanne Karbach ◽

Jérémy Lagrange ◽

Philip Wenzel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Immune Response ◽

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Vascular Dysfunction ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

The Novel ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Deep Vein

AbstractThromboinflammation and vascular dysfunction are inseparably combined with the innate and the adaptive immune response. While the role of this interplay has gained considerable attention in the arena of atherosclerosis/atherothrombosis and in deep vein thrombosis, its role in other forms of vascular disease and risk factors is currently emerging. In this brief review, we will focus on thromboinflammation with regard to cytokine signalling as well as on the novel role of a vascular coagulation-inflammatory circuit in arterial hypertension.

Download Full-text

The role of the T-helper/T-suppressor ratio in the adaptive immune response: a dynamical model

Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical ◽

10.1088/1751-8121/aaed5e ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (50) ◽

pp. 505602 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Annibale ◽

L A Dziobek-Garrett ◽

H Tari

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Dynamical Model ◽

T Helper ◽

Adaptive Immune

Download Full-text

The Pathogenic Role of the Adaptive Immune Response to Modified LDL in Diabetes

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2012.00076 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gabriel Virella ◽

Maria F. Lopes-Virella

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Pathogenic Role ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Modified Ldl

Download Full-text

Pattern Recognition Proteins: First Line of Defense Against Coronaviruses

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.652252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos A. Labarrere ◽

Ghassan S. Kassab

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Pattern Recognition ◽

Global Economy ◽

Rna Viruses ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Recognition Protein ◽

Pattern Recognition Protein

The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, has become a worldwide pandemic affecting almost 204 million people and causing more than 4.3 million deaths as of August 11 2021. This pandemic has placed a substantial burden on the global healthcare system and the global economy. Availability of novel prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are crucially needed to prevent development of severe disease leading to major complications both acutely and chronically. The success in fighting this virus results from three main achievements: (a) Direct killing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; (b) Development of a specific vaccine, and (c) Enhancement of the host’s immune system. A fundamental necessity to win the battle against the virus involves a better understanding of the host’s innate and adaptive immune response to the virus. Although the role of the adaptive immune response is directly involved in the generation of a vaccine, the role of innate immunity on RNA viruses in general, and coronaviruses in particular, is mostly unknown. In this review, we will consider the structure of RNA viruses, mainly coronaviruses, and their capacity to affect the lungs and the cardiovascular system. We will also consider the effects of the pattern recognition protein (PRP) trident composed by (a) Surfactant proteins A and D, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement component 1q (C1q), (b) C-reactive protein, and (c) Innate and adaptive IgM antibodies, upon clearance of viral particles and apoptotic cells in lungs and atherosclerotic lesions. We emphasize on the role of pattern recognition protein immune therapies as a combination treatment to prevent development of severe respiratory syndrome and to reduce pulmonary and cardiovascular complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and summarize the need of a combined therapeutic approach that takes into account all aspects of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease to allow mankind to beat this pandemic killer.

Download Full-text