Vigor forIn VitroCulture Traits inS. melongena × S. aethiopicumHybrids with Potential as Rootstocks for Eggplant

Hybrids ofSolanum melongenaandS. aethiopicumare of interest as rootstocks of eggplant, as they are highly vigorous and can incorporate resistance to several diseases. However, hybridization between both species is difficult. Therefore, protocols forin vitroculture are of great interest for their micropropagation and biotechnological breeding. We assessed the organogenesis response from leaf explants in four interspecific hybrids and in their parents testing two organogenic media: SIM-A, containing 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin, and SIM-B, which contains thidiazuron. A higher regeneration capacity in the hybrids compared to their parents was observed. Whereas in interspecific hybrids and in one accession ofS. melongenasimilar regeneration rates were observed for SIM-A and SIM-B, higher regeneration was found in the rest of genotypes when thidiazuron was used. Rooting ability in the interspecific hybrids was lower inin vitromicropropagated plants (35–60%) than in plants regenerated from explants (100%). The addition of indolbutiric acid (1 mg L−1) induced roots in nonrooted genotypes. In summary, we have adjustedin vitroculture conditions for regenerating and rootingS. melongena×S. aethiopicumhybrids. We have also demonstrated that these hybrids are heterotic for regeneration, which may be of interest for basic science studies.

Download Full-text

Microbouturage in vitro de jeunes poiriers issus de pépins de ‹Passe Crassane›

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b87-108 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 803-806 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Al Maarri ◽

Y. Arnaud ◽

E. Miginiac

Keyword(s):

Culture Conditions ◽

Morphological Abnormalities ◽

Rooting Ability ◽

Vegetative Multiplication ◽

High Degree

Vegetative multiplication of 'Passe Crassane' pear seedlings was obtained by micropropagation in vitro. Two clones (6 and 14) were selected on the basis of their rooting ability. This article describes optimal culture conditions to obtain a rate of multiplication greater than 6 shoots per month, together with good elongation, no morphological abnormalities, and a high degree of rooting, stable in time and of good quality.

Download Full-text

PRP Treatment Efficacy for Tendinopathy: A Review of Basic Science Studies

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/9103792 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yiqin Zhou ◽

James H-C. Wang

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Sport Medicine ◽

Treatment Efficacy ◽

Basic Science ◽

Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

Science Studies ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Tendon Injuries

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) has been widely used in orthopaedic surgery and sport medicine to treat tendon injuries. However, the efficacy of PRP treatment for tendinopathy is controversial. This paper focuses on reviewing the basic science studies on PRP performed under well-controlled conditions. Bothin vitroandin vivostudies describe PRP’s anabolic and anti-inflammatory effects on tendons. While some clinical trials support these findings, others refute them. In this review, we discuss the effectiveness of PRP to treat tendon injuries with evidence presented in basic science studies and the potential reasons for the controversial results in clinical trials. Finally, we comment on the approaches that may be required to improve the efficacy of PRP treatment for tendinopathy.

Download Full-text

Competence, determination, and meristemoid plasticity in tobacco organogenesis in vitro

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b03-047 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

pp. 611-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Harbinder S Dhaliwal ◽

Nicole S Ramesar-Fortner ◽

Edward C Yeung ◽

Trevor A Thorpe

Keyword(s):

Root Formation ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Shoot Formation ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Tobacco Leaf ◽

Organogenesis In Vitro

Tobacco leaf explants can produce both shoots and roots depending on the phytohormones in the medium. These arise directly via meristemoids (meristematic centers), which form distinct primordia and then organs. In this study it was found that shoot primordia arose from the palisade mesophyll cells at the adaxial surface, while root primordia arose from the rib parenchyma cells, near the existing vascular bundles. In studies on competency and determination, it was found that the tobacco leaf explants required 46 days in culture on a shoot-inducing medium (SIM) to become determined for shoot formation, while the explants were competent for rooting at excision and needed only 1 day on the root-inducing medium (RIM) to become determined for root formation. Transfer of explants from SIM or RIM to basal medium (BM without phytohormones) and vice versa supported the above findings. Transfer of explants from SIM to RIM and vice versa, delayed the timing of root and shoot formation, but not the position in the explant from which the organs arose. On transfer from SIM to RIM or vice versa, meristemoids that were already determined for shoot or root formation continued to develop, while those not yet determined were inhibited and (or) reverted to parenchymatous tissue. Thus under our culture conditions meristemoids in tobacco leaf explants are not plastic.Key words: competence, determination, meristemoid plasticity, organogenesis, tobacco.

Download Full-text

Morphogenic processes in callus tissue cultures and de novo regeneration of plants in Actinidia chinensis Planch

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1998.025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (3-4) ◽

pp. 217-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adela Ludvová ◽

Mária G. Ostrolucká

Keyword(s):

De Novo ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Structural Heterogeneity ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Actinidia Chinensis ◽

Indirect Organogenesis ◽

Vascular Elements ◽

Callus Tissues

Our experiments have confirmed the considerable disposition of leaf explants of Actinidia chinensis Planch. for induction and intensive proliferation of callus cultures, as well as, a possibility to regulate morhogenesis in in vitro conditions. Under specific culture conditions the morphogenic potential of callus cells of Actinidia chinensis was manifested both in organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Organogenesis was represented by induction of adventitious buds and regeneration shoots on the modified MS culture medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) with BAP in combination with GA3 (each 1.0 mg. l-1). Rooting of shoots was successful on modified MS medium containing IBA (0.5-1.0 mg. l-1). Histological studies of callus tissues revealed their structural heterogeneity. Morphogenic processes in the callus were characterized by the appearance of meristematic zones and vascular elements. The formation of apical meristem, leaf primordia and finally shoot development proved de novo regeneration in callus culture. The obtained results demonstrate a possibility of plant regeneration through indirect organogenesis, which can be used for propagation of Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Download Full-text

Embryo Culture and Embryo Rescue in Brassica

10.5772/intechopen.96058 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Akmal

Keyword(s):

Embryo Culture ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Zygotic Embryo ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Reproductive Barriers ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Embryo Regeneration

Somatic embryogenesis is the best demonstration of totipotency in higher plants in which somatic cell produce whole plant like zygotic embryo. It is also demonstrated that immature, weak, hybrid or sometimes inviable embryos can be saved through in vitro culture to prevents its degradation. It may help to cross the reproductive barriers when interspecific hybrids developed. Brasssica is an economically valuable oil yielding and vegetable crop and India is the largest producer of oil seed rape in the world. Various factors affect the embryo rescue in Brassica like growth stage of the embryos, types and composition of the rescue medium etc. The embryo regeneration potential can improve through the modification of culture conditions in both zygotic as well as somatic embryo. Except the embryo culture other parts like ovule, ovary culture can also be done to developed interspecific hybrids. This chapter is focused on the embryo rescue techniques in the genus Brassica and summarizes possible ways of improving the technique used.

Download Full-text

Bony Stress and Its Association With Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in the Lumbar Spine: a Review of Clinical and Basic Science Studies

10.21203/rs.3.rs-51303/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Chepurin ◽

Uphar Chamoli ◽

Ashish D. Diwan

Keyword(s):

Lumbar Spine ◽

Intervertebral Disc ◽

Causal Relationship ◽

Basic Science ◽

Science Studies ◽

Biomechanical Testing ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Ivd Degeneration

Abstract BackgroundMultiple components of the lumbar spine interact during the normal and pathological function. Bony stress in the lumbar spine is recognised as a factor in the development of pars defects and stress fractures, but its relationship with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is not well understood. Therefore, a translational review encompassing basic science and clinical evidence was conducted to examine the relationship between bony stress in the lumbar spine and IVD degeneration.MethodsOnline databases Scopus, PubMed and MEDLINE via OVID were searched for relevant studies published between January 1980 – February 2020, using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. Two authors independently analysed the data, noting study characteristics and bias.ResultsThirty-two articles were included in the review: eight human studies, nine finite element analysis studies, three in-vivo biomechanical testing studies, and twelve in-vitro biomechanical testing studies. Of the 32 articles, 19 supported, four rejected and nine made no conclusion on the hypothesis that there is a positive associative relationship between IVD degeneration and bony stress. However, not enough evidence was available to confirm or reject a causal relationship.ConclusionMost studies suggest that the prevalence of IVD degeneration increases with the presence of bony stress, but whether a causal relationship exists is unclear. The literature recommends early diagnosis and clinical suspicion of IVD degeneration and bony stress. Longitudinal studies are required to explore causal relationships between IVD degeneration bony stress.

Download Full-text

Effect of experimental conditions and genotypic variability on somatic embryogenesis in Coffea arabica

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b93-181 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 1496-1502 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. Bieysse ◽

A. Gofflot ◽

N. Michaux-Ferrière

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Culture Media ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Genotypic Variability ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Embryogenic Cells

The somatic embryogenic potential of leaf explants from greenhouse-grown plants of eight Coffea arabica genotypes was investigated on three different gelose-gelled culture media (Dublin, Pierson, and Yasuda). Four of these genotypes were reactive. Optimal somatic embryogenesis was obtained when the explants were taken from microcutting and cultured on gelrite-gelled Yasuda's medium. Under these culture conditions, somatic embryos and plantlets were obtained in two previously recalcitrant genotypes. The histocytological callus development was found to be identical in responsive or recalcitrant genotypes. Embryogenic cells formed at two successive points during callogenesis and their subsequent development varied according to culture conditions. Cells initiated in 10- to 15-day-old calli either degenerated or developed directly into embryos. Cells initiated in 60-day-old calli became isolated and developed into embryos or their development was arrested. Embryos obtained in these conditions were able to develop into plantlets. Key words: Coffea arabica, genotypic variability, histocytology, in vitro culture, somatic embryogenesis.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Activation Early Follicles: From the Basic Science to the Clinical Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073785 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3785

Author(s):

Kim Cat Tuyen Vo ◽

Kazuhiro Kawamura

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Basic Science ◽

Science Studies ◽

Primordial Follicle ◽

Antral Follicle ◽

Hippo Signaling ◽

Primordial Follicles ◽

In Vitro Activation ◽

Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase

Development of early follicles, especially the activation of primordial follicles, is strictly modulated by a network of signaling pathways. Recent advance in ovarian physiology has been allowed the development of several therapies to improve reproductive outcomes by manipulating early folliculogenesis. Among these, in vitro activation (IVA) has been recently developed to extend the possibility of achieving genetically related offspring for patients with premature ovarian insufficiency and ovarian dysfunction. This method was established based on basic science studies of the intraovarian signaling pathways: the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the Hippo signaling pathways. These two pathways were found to play crucial roles in folliculogenesis from the primordial follicle to the early antral follicle. Following the results of rodent experiments, IVA was implemented in clinical practice. There have been multiple recorded live births and ongoing pregnancies. Further investigations are essential to confirm the efficacy and safety of IVA before used widely in clinics. This review aimed to summarize the published literature on IVA and provide future perspectives for its improvement.

Download Full-text

Acclimatization and leaf anatomy of micropropagated fig plantlets

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/s0100-29452012000400027 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 1180-1188 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Chrystiane Fráguas Chirinéa ◽

Moacir Pasqual ◽

Aparecida Gomes de Araujo ◽

Alba Regina Pereira ◽

Evaristo Mauro de Castro

Keyword(s):

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Vegetative Organs ◽

In Vitro Plantlets ◽

Leaf Tissues ◽

Micropropagated Plants ◽

Fig Trees ◽

Tissue Production

The survival of micropropagated plants during and after acclimatization is a limiting process to plant establishment. There is little information on how the anatomy of vegetative organs of Ficus carica can be affected by culture conditions and acclimatization. The present research aimed to study the effects of time on culture medium and substrates during the acclimatization of fig tree plantlets produced in vitro, characterizing some leaf anatomy aspects of plantlets cultured in vitro and of fig trees produced in field. Plantlets previously multiplied in vitro were separated and transferred into Wood Plant Medium (WPM) where they were kept for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Different substrates were tested and studies on leaf anatomy were performed in order to compare among plantlets grown in vitro, plantlets under 20, 40 and 60 days of acclimatization, and field grown plants. Keeping plantlets for 30 days in WPM allowed better development in Plantmax during acclimatization. Field grown plants presented higher number of stomata, greater epicuticular wax thickness and greater leaf tissue production compared to in vitro ones. The leaf tissues of in vitro plantlets show little differentiation and have great stomata number compared with acclimatized plants, which reduce the number of stomata during the acclimatization process.

Download Full-text

Application of Horticultural and Tissue Culture Methods for Ex Situ Conservation of Endangered Primula farinosa L.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.8913 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Sitek ◽

Barbara Nowak ◽

Michał Fecowicz ◽

Zbigniew Gajewski ◽

Piotr Dańda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Ex Situ ◽

In Vitro Cultivation ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Transient Nature ◽

Micropropagated Plants ◽

The Difference

Our study aimed at active conservation of the last location of Primula farinosa, an endangered species in Poland, and assessed reproduction by seeds and plant propagation on sterile media in tissue culture conditions. We identified gibberellic acid (GA3) as the key factor stimulating germination of P. farinosa seeds. Growing juvenile plants under controlled temperature of 18/16 °C day/night yielded good quality plant material without mycorrhization. In tissue culture, the most favorable medium for shoot propagation was MS supplemented with the lowest tested concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; 0.05 mg dm−3) and 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP; 0.1 mg dm−3). The rooting ability of shoots was high and comparable for all auxins used. 2C DNA content of seed-derived and micropropagated plants did not indicate any change in the ploidy level during in vitro cultivation. Plants derived from seeds and tissue cultures were compared in a 2-year study. Of all the characteristics compared, only the number of flowers per inflorescence was lower for micropropagated plants when compared with the seed-origin plants in the first year of observation. The difference was of transient nature and was not observed in the second year of the study. Effective protocols for in vivo and in vitro propagation of P. farinosa were developed, which can be used in practical species protection.

Download Full-text