scholarly journals Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonitis in a Healthy Non-Smoker: A Rare Diagnosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan R Kroll ◽  
Diane A Flood ◽  
John Srigley
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Pneumonitis ◽  
Potato Chip ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Tissue Sampling ◽  
Eosinophilic Infiltrate ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Rare Diagnosis ◽  
Alveolar Septa

This article reports a rare condition first described in 1965 and is most commonly associated with smoking and certain occupations. Onset of nonspecific symptoms is typically insidious and, while bloodwork and imaging may be valuable, tissue sampling is required for diagnosis. Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis most commonly affects tobacco smokers in their fourth or fifth decades of life; this article, however, describes the condition in a 27-year-old who worked in a potato chip factory.Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis is an interstitial lung disease most commonly associated with smoking. It causes respiratory symptoms including indolent cough and dyspnea. Characteristic findings on computed tomography include bilateral ground-glass opacities, septal thickening and preserved structure. Diagnosis is made by tissue sampling, which classically demonstrates alveolar macrophages, and thickened alveolar septa with an eosinophilic infiltrate lined with hyperplastic type II pneumocytes. Treatment is immune suppression with steroids or other agents, and avoiding the causal agent. The case reported describes a 27-year-old woman with no smoking history who worked in a potato chip factory, presenting with cough, dyspnea and dizziness. The patient had characteristic findings on imaging and was diagnosed via biopsy with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. She improved clinically with reduced exposure and steroid therapy. While food production workers are at risk for respiratory illness, there are no reported cases of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis in this setting.

Bronchiolitis

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Brent P. Little ◽  
Travis S. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Architectural Distortion ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Syncytial Virus

In children, the term bronchiolitis refers to an acute respiratory illness caused by bronchiolar infection, typically by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or other viruses. In adults, the term refers to a primarily bronchiolar pattern of infection or inflammation caused by many pulmonary infections, systemic inflammatory conditions, inhaled irritants, certain systemic conditions, and accompanying several congenital diseases. Imaging may be helpful to assess the extent and severity of bronchiolitis and to establish a differential diagnosis based on the distribution of imaging findings, their respective morphologies, and any ancillary findings. Presence of cavities or architectural distortion with a bronchiolitis pattern, especially in the upper lungs, should prompt consideration of tuberculosis. Aspiration bronchiolitis is a common finding in patients with severe reflux or with impaired swallowing mechanisms. Early diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis can lead to prompt identification of the offending antigen. In cases with pure centrilobular nodules, smoking history is paramount – smokers get RB, non-smokers have a higher likelihood of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

scholarly journals Agenesis of the Right Hepatic Lobe

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Souto Nacif ◽  
Yuri dos Santos Buscariolli ◽  
Luiz Augusto Carneiro D'Albuquerque ◽  
Wellington Andraus
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Middle Hepatic Vein ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Hepatic Lobe ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
The Right ◽  
Previous Disease ◽  
Rare Diagnosis

Introduction. Agenesis of the right lobe of the liver is a rare finding and was defined as the absence of liver tissue on the right side, with preservation of the middle hepatic vein, without previous disease or surgery. It is usually an incident finding reveled by imaging exams or during abdominal surgery.Case Report. A 32-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital for abdominal discomfort and loss of appetite. Imaging studies revealed the absence of the right hepatic lobe and hypertrophied left hepatic segments.Discussion. Anomalies of hepatic morphology are rare and correspond to developmental defects during embryogenesis, are a rare diagnosis, and are generally diagnosed incidentally based on imaging. Agenesis or hypoplasia of the right lobe may predispose the patient to the development of portal hypertension and esophageal varices. Surgical knowledge of such anatomical agenesis is necessary for surgical planning, for the appropriate identification of intraoperative surgical findings, and for the design of the postoperative approach to therapy.Conclusion. Agenesis of the right hepatic lobe is a rare condition. We want to highlight the importance of understanding the condition. Surgeons must recognize the entity in order to deal appropriately with the findings.

scholarly journals Overview on Sclerodermal Renal Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ali M. Alyami ◽  
Jalawi Talal A. Alotaibi ◽  
Shahad Saad A. Aljoaid ◽  
Tariq Bander F. Alanazi ◽  
Waleed Farhan D. Alshammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Rare Diagnosis ◽  
Renal Crisis

Usually, malignant high blood pressure and severe renal damage are main characters in SSc. SRCs is a relatively rare condition, found in approximately 5% of all SSc patients. This study was carried out to summarize the contemporary evidence regarding the causes, risk factors, manifestations, management and prognosis of Sclerodermal Renal Crisis‎.‎ a simple review was carried out, searching databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO. The authors extracted the needed data and stated that SRCs continues to be a rare diagnosis affecting up to six percent of SSc patients, but has a high morbidity and death influence. SRCs presentation is varied, with hypertension, normal BP and renal insufficiency. Medics should be minded by potential SRCs presentations. Early detection and initiation of aggressive ACEi antihypertensive medication in ED could enhance patient outcomes and around 60% of SRCs patients need dialysis.

scholarly journals Spontaneous pneumomediastinum associated with COVID-19: Rare complication of 2020 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 018-020
Author(s):  
Nieves-Ortiz Arnaldo A ◽  
Fonseca-Ferrer Vanessa ◽  
Hernández-Moya Kyomara ◽  
Mendez Ramirez Keren ◽  
Ayala-Rivera Jose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Virus

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a rare condition, more commonly seen in patients with history of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infections, or drug users. Today, we face one novel virus that has cause an outbreak of acute respiratory illness, affecting over a million individuals worldwide. New knowledge is been gained of the virus and possible complications are been seen. Following, we present the case of a 71-year-old man with diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia complicated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

scholarly journals Isolated Congenital Asplenia in an Asymptomatic Patient: A Very Rare Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Dinis Ferreira ◽  
Cláudia Lemos ◽  
Mónica Caldeira ◽  
Miguel Homem da Costa ◽  
Maria Luz Brazão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Patient ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Isolated Congenital Asplenia ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Rare Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Isolated congenital asplenia is a rare condition that mostly manifests in the early years, usually due to fatal systemic infections. In this paper, however, we present a case of a 36-year-old asymptomatic patient who was referred for suspected hyposplenism, with no history of splenectomy. There were no significant changes on physical examination. Blood analysis revealed leukocytosis and thrombocytosis as well as moderate anisopoikilocytosis and red blood cells with Howell–Jolly bodies. No spleen or other malformations were identified on imaging. Individuals with isolated congenital asplenia have an increased susceptibility to invasive infections and sepsis, with rapid clinical decline and a high mortality rate despite treatment.

scholarly journals Congenital Pseudoaneurysm of the Mitral Aortic Intervalvular Fibrosa in neonatal Marfan syndrome -- Transthoracic Echocardiogram and Computed Tomography images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathish Chikkabyrappa ◽  
Kathryn Virk ◽  
Mark Castro ◽  
Jenna Schauer ◽  
Eyal Sagiv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiogram ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Neonatal Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Rare Diagnosis

Congenital Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa (P-MAIVF) is extremely rare condition. We report a case of neonatal Marfan syndrome with unique and rare diagnosis of case of congenital pseudoaneurysm of the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa, where the transthoracic echocardiogram and computed tomography images described a congenital pseudoaneurysm of the mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa.

scholarly journals Expression and Clinical Significance of SARS-CoV-2 Human Targets in Lung Tissues: Normal, Primary Tumor and Metastasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Subbarayan ◽  
Kamatchi Ulagappan ◽  
Claudia Wickenhauser ◽  
Barbara Seliger
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Healthy Lung

The recent COVID-19 outbreak in China led to a worldwide pandemic associated with a severe acute respiratory illness. A higher incidence of COVID-19 infection was demonstrated in cancer patients, including patients with lung cancer. This study was conducted to get insights into the reasons for this enhanced frequency of COVID-19 infection. Methods: Using different bioinformatic tools, the expression and methylation pattern of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene were analyzed in healthy and malignant tissues with a focus on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and correlated to clinical parameters and smoking history. Results: ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were heterogeneously expressed across 36 healthy tissues with the highest expression in digestive, urinary and reproductive organs, while their expression was significantly lower in 36 cancer tissues. In LUAD, ACE2, but not TMPRSS2 was overexpressed, which inversely correlated to the promoter methylation. An age-dependent upregulation of ACE2 expression was found in LUAD compared to normal lung tissues. In a healthy lung, TMPRSS2 expression was dependent on sex and smoking history and downregulated in LUAD of smokers. Cancer progression was associated with decreased TMPRSS2, but unaltered ACE2 expression, while ACE2 expression in lung metastases of different cancers was higher than in metastasis of other sites. TMPRSS2, but not ACE2 expression, was associated with LUAD patients’ survival. Conclusions: Comprehensive molecular analyses revealed a heterogeneous, distinct expression and methylation profile of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in healthy lung vs LUAD tissues across sex, age and smoking history, which is associated with clinical parameters and might have implications for COVID-19 disease.

Long-Term Ultrastructural Indices of Lead Intoxication in Pulmonary Tissue of the Rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1410-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaczyńska ◽  
Michał Walski ◽  
Małgorzata Szereda-Przestaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Average Lead ◽  
Alveolar Septa

AbstractIn the present research long-term pulmonary toxicity of lead was investigated in rats treated by intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate for three consecutive days (25 mg/kg per day). Five weeks after treatment average lead content in the whole blood was 0.41 μg/dL ± 0.05, in the lung homogenates it measured 3.35 μg/g ± 0.54, as compared to the control values of 0.13 ± 0.07 μg/dL and 1.03 μg/g ± 0.59, respectively. X-ray microanalysis of lung specimens displayed lead localized mainly within type II pneumocytes and macrophages. At the ultrastructural level the effects of lead toxicity were found in lung capillaries, interstitium, epithelial cells, and alveolar lining. Alveolar septa showed intense fibrosis, consisting of collagen, elastin, and fibroblasts. Thinned alveolar septa had emphysematous tissue with some revealing signs of angiogenesis. Type II pneumocytes contained lamellar bodies with features of laminar destruction. Fragments of the surfactant layer were often detached from the alveolar epithelium. These findings indicate that 5 weeks after exposure, lead provokes reconstruction of the alveolar septa including fibrosis and emphysematous changes in the lung tissue.

scholarly journals Is testicular torsion a real problem in pediatric patients with cryptorchidism?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Komarowska ◽  
Alicja Pawelczyk ◽  
Ewa Matuszczak ◽  
Wojciech Debek ◽  
Adam Hermanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Undescended Testes ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
Rare Diagnosis

Abstract PurposeTo present management and outcomes of patients with cryptorchidism suffering from testicular torsion.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of pediatric patients with torsion of undescended testes, who were treated between 2009 and 2019. On the medical charts, we recorded: the age, symptoms, duration of torsion, physical examination, surgery findings, and additional treatment.ResultsWe identified 9 boys with torsion of the undescended gonad, which represented 4.7% of all 192 boys with testicular torsion. The mean age of boys with torsion of undescended testis was 8.7 years. The mean duration of symptoms in our study group was long and it was up to 28.5 hours. All patients had inguinal canal exploration. In 8 cases, testicular necrosis and primary orchidectomy was performed.ConclusionAccording to clinical experience and available studies, torsion of male undescended gonads is a comparatively rare condition. Nevertheless, diagnosis is still delayed and connected with inevitable orchidectomy.Plain English summaryAuthors present 9 cases of boys with torsion of undescended testes. They represented 4.7% of all boys with testicular torsion treated during 10 years in Pediatric Surgery Department. The mean age of boys with torsion of undescended testis was 8.7 years. The mean duration of symptoms was long and it was up to 28.5 hours. All patients were operated on, in 8 cases necrotic testicle was removed. Even though torsion of undescended testicle is quite rare, diagnosis is delayed and because of that, boys are subjected to removal of the testicle.

scholarly journals Expression and Clinical Significance of SARS-CoV-2 Human Targets in Lung Tissues: Normal, Primary Tumor and Metastasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Subbarayan ◽  
Kamatchi Ulagappan ◽  
Claudia Wickenhauser ◽  
Barbara Seliger
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Healthy Lung

The recent COVID-19 outbreak in China led to a worldwide pandemic associated with a severe acute respiratory illness. A higher incidence of COVID-19 infection was demonstrated in cancer patients, including patients with lung cancer. This study was conducted to get insights into the reasons for this enhanced frequency of COVID-19 infection. Methods: Using different bioinformatic tools, the expression and methylation pattern of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene were analyzed in healthy and malignant tissues with a focus on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and correlated to clinical parameters and smoking history. Results: ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were heterogeneously expressed across 36 healthy tissues with the highest expression in digestive, urinary and reproductive organs, while their expression was significantly lower in 36 cancer tissues. In LUAD, ACE2, but not TMPRSS2 was overexpressed, which inversely correlated to the promoter methylation. An age-dependent upregulation of ACE2 expression was found in LUAD compared to normal lung tissues. In a healthy lung, TMPRSS2 expression was dependent on sex and smoking history and downregulated in LUAD of smokers. Cancer progression was associated with decreased TMPRSS2, but unaltered ACE2 expression, while ACE2 expression in lung metastases of different cancers was higher than in metastasis of other sites. TMPRSS2, but not ACE2 expression, was associated with LUAD patients’ survival. Conclusions: Comprehensive molecular analyses revealed a heterogeneous, distinct expression and methylation profile of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in healthy lung vs LUAD tissues across sex, age and smoking history, which is associated with clinical parameters and might have implications for COVID-19 disease.

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