Contrast Media: Are There Differences in Nephrotoxicity among Contrast Media?

Iodinated contrast agents are usually classified based upon their osmolality—high, low, and isosmolar. Iodinated contrast agents are also nephrotoxic in some but not all patients resulting in loss of glomerular filtration rate. Over the past 30 years, nephrotoxicity has been linked to osmolality although the precise mechanism underlying such a link has been elusive. Improvements in our understanding of the pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity and prospective randomized clinical trials have attempted to further explore the relationship between osmolality and nephrotoxicity. In this review, the basis for our current understanding that there are little if any differences in nephrotoxic potential between low and isosmolar contrast media will be detailed using data from clinical studies.

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Opacification of the Gallbladder in a Child Following Administration of Urographic Contrast Medium

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.49.1.116 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 116-118

Author(s):

Thomas E. Shea ◽

Richard C. Pfister

Keyword(s):

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Young Child ◽

Contrast Media ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Intravenous Urography ◽

Rare Occurrence ◽

Iodinated Contrast ◽

High Doses ◽

Iodinated Contrast Agents

A young child demonstrating opacification of the gallbladder following intravenous urography is described. This is the fourth reported instance of this phenomenon occurring in childhood although it is probably not a rare occurrence. Factors promoting the heterotopic biliary excretion of renal contrast media include prolonged recirculation of urographic contrast agents because of reduction in glomerular filtration rate due to intrinsic renal disease or ureteral obstruction; the current propensity for high doses of iodinated contrast agents for urography; gallbladder stasis; and, possibly, increased protein binding of urographic contrast media in the presence of uremic acidosis.

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Effect of iodinated contrast media on thyroid: a brief review

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17532/jhsci.2016.278 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Şerife Mehlika Kuşkonmaz ◽

Sema Yıldız

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Contrast Media ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Iodinated Contrast Media ◽

Iodinated Contrast ◽

Excess Iodide ◽

Iodinated Contrast Agents

In parallel to the increased use of computed tomography, iodinated contrast agents are increasingly becoming a source of excess iodide. Iodinated contrast agents may induce thyroid dysfunction in exposed patients, especially in the presence of an underlying thyroid disease. Thus, an ordinary dose of the contrast used for the imaging, can induce hyper or hypothyroidism in a patient with subtle thyroid disease. This review will briefly discuss the physiology of iodine and the clinical evaluation of iodine induced thyroid dysfunction.

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Carbon Dioxide in Vascular Imaging and Intervention

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/028418519503600402 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 36 (4-6) ◽

pp. 330-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiaoming Yang ◽

Hannu Manninen ◽

Seppo Soimakallio

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Negative Contrast ◽

Vascular Imaging ◽

Digital Subtraction ◽

Iodinated Contrast ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Iodinated Contrast Agents

Angiography with iodinated contrast agents is bound up with the risks of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity and hypersensitivity, which led to the idea of using carbon dioxide (CO2) gas as a negative contrast medium to eliminate these drawbacks. During the last decade, refinements and experiences have proved carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography (CO2-DSA) to be an accurate, safe, and clinically promising vascular imaging modality, with the advantages of no hypersensitivity and no nephrotoxicity as well as minimal patient discomfort. In this article, we have reviewed the history, physical and chemical aspects, techniques, and pathophysiologic changes with the use of CO2-DSA as well as some clinical trials. Applications of CO2 gas in vascular interventions and other imagings, and the advantages and limitations of using CO2 gas in DSA are also discussed.

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