scholarly journals Behavioral Response of Plum Curculio,Conotrachelus nenuphar, to Synthetic Fruit Volatile Lures and the Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Akotsen-Mensah ◽  
Henry Y. Fadamiro
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Conotrachelus Nenuphar ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Neutral Effect

Plum curculio,Conotrachelus nenupharHerbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a key pest of stone and pome fruits in North America. The behavioral response of adults of different physiological states (sex, age, diet, and mating status) to three commercially available synthetic lures, benzaldehyde (BZ) and plum essence (PE), the male-produced aggregation pheromone, grandisoic acid (GA), or their combinations, was studied in the laboratory. Four choice olfactometer bioassays demonstrated significant attraction of both sexes to PE lure. Both BZ and GA lures were not attractive to plum curculio when tested as commercially formulated. PE had higher release rate (1.51 mg/hr) than BZ (0.36 mg/hr) and GA (ca. 0.04 mg/hr), suggesting that the higher attractiveness of PE may be due to its relatively higher release rates. Tests with combined lures showed a neutral effect of combining GA with PE and an inhibitory effect of combining BZ with PE. The physiological conditions of the weevils had no significant effect on their response to the lures. Olfactometer tests with pure 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) confirmed that this compound was inhibitory to plum curculio. These results are discussed in relation to the contrasting field reports which implicated BZ + GA as an effective attractant for plum curculio.

Host-tree-related differences in trap captures and electroantennogram activity of Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy C. Leskey ◽  
Torri J. Hancock ◽  
Starker E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Conotrachelus Nenuphar ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Pome Fruits

AbstractThe plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), is a serious pest of stone and pome fruits (Rosaceae) in eastern North America. We recorded captures of adult plum curculios in the field and measured electroantennogram (EAG) activity in the laboratory associated with cultivars of four hosts, ‘Formosa’ Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.), ‘Stanley’ European plum (P. domestica L.), ‘Empire’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), and ‘Loring’ peach (P. persica (L.) Batsch) (Rosaceae) to determine whether hosts that may be attractive to the plum curculio under field conditions also elicit positive EAG responses. Trap captures of adults on ‘Formosa’ plum were significantly greater than on any other host, and corresponding headspace extracts also produced strong EAG responses throughout the active season. ‘Stanley’ plum and ‘Loring’ peach, the other stone-fruit hosts included in the study, elicited strong EAG responses throughout the season, although trap captures associated with these hosts were generally not as high as for ‘Formosa’ plum. Throughout the season, trap captures of adults were significantly lower for ‘Empire’ apple than for ‘Formosa’ plum, and EAG responses were much lower than for all stone-fruit hosts. Our results indicate that volatiles from ‘Formosa’ plum likely contain uniquecompounds or are comprised of ratios of stimulating compounds that make it much more attractive to plum curculio in the field.

Comparison of Traps for Monitoring Plum Curculio Adults (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Apple Orchards

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Prokopy ◽  
Bradley W. Chandler ◽  
Tracy C. Leskey ◽  
Starker E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Conotrachelus Nenuphar ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Plastic Cylinder ◽  
Black Plastic

Effectiveness of four types of odor-baited or unbaited traps for monitoring overwintered adult plum curculios, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), on perimeter apple trees in Massachusetts orchards was compared. Black wooden pyramid traps placed on the ground next to apple tree trunks captured more adults than black plastic cylinder traps placed vertically on limbs within apple tree canopies, squares of clear Plexiglas placed vertically next to apple tree canopies to intercept incoming adults on the sticky-coated outward-facing surface, or “Circle” traps comprised of aluminum screen and fastened to limbs within apple tree canopies (which captured no adults). In no comparison did any of these traps baited with a combination of synthetic aggregation pheromone (grandisoic acid) and synthetic host volatiles (limonene and ethyl isovalerate) capture more adults than unbaited traps. None of the three types of baited or unbaited traps evaluated in commercial orchards (pyramid, cylinder or Circle) yielded captures of adults whose amounts or phenologies reflected amounts or phenologies of ovipositional injuries to fruit caused by plum curculio, although in unmanaged orchards amounts of capture by baited and unbaited pyramid and clear Plexiglas traps did reflect amounts of fruit injury. The only situation where odor bait enhanced trap effectiveness involved clear Plexiglas traps placed next to woods nearby an unmanaged orchard, where baited traps facing woods caught about 10× more immigrating overwintered adults than did unbaited traps. We conclude that odor-baited clear Plexiglas traps placed near woods can be useful for monitoring the beginning, peak and ending of overwintering adult immigration, but a more attractive blend of odor components is needed for effective monitoring by traps of any type placed near, beneath or within canopies of apple trees.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Management of Plum Curculio in Highbush Blueberry

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Sousa ◽  
Cesar Rodriguez-Saona ◽  
Robert Holdcraft ◽  
Vera Kyryczenko-Roth ◽  
Albrecht M. Koppenhöfer
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Conotrachelus Nenuphar ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Highbush Blueberries

Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a key pest of stone and pome fruits in the United States. Application of certain entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species has shown efficacy in some crops when targeting the larval stage of C. nenuphar in soil. To date, however, no EPNs have been tested for the control of this pest in highbush blueberries. In 2020, laboratory and field studies were conducted to: (1) determine the persistence of Steinernema riobrave, S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in acidic blueberry soil; (2) compare the virulence of these EPNs to C. nenuphar larvae and pupae; and (3) compare the efficacy of these EPN species to control this pest in blueberry fields. The greatest persistence in blueberry soil was exhibited by S. riobrave followed by S. carpocapsae. Superior virulence was observed in S. riobrave against C. nenuphar larvae and pupae. Promising levels of virulence were also observed in S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae against the larvae, but S. scarabaei had low virulence. In the field, S. riobrave provided significantly higher levels of C. nenuphar suppression (90%) than the other EPNs. The field efficacy of S. riobrave against C. nenuphar at low and high rates was confirmed in 2021. Steinernema riobrave has the potential to become an important component in the management of C. nenuphar in highbush blueberry.

Conotrachelus nenuphar. [Distribution map].

1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Conotrachelus Nenuphar ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Conotrachelus nenuphar (Hbst.) (Plum Curculio). Hosts: Stone and pome fruits, cultivated and wild. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, U.S.A.

scholarly journals Highly efficient cyclosarin degradation mediated by a β-cyclodextrin derivative containing an oxime-derived substituent

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1543-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zengerle ◽  
Florian Brandhuber ◽  
Christian Schneider ◽  
Franz Worek ◽  
Georg Reiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Cyclodextrin Derivatives ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Cyclodextrin Derivative ◽  
Cyclodextrin Cavity ◽  
Electronic Parameters ◽  
Narrow Opening

The potential of appropriately substituted cyclodextrins to act as scavengers for neurotoxic organophosphonates under physiological conditions was evaluated. To this end, a series of derivatives containing substituents with an aldoxime or a ketoxime moiety along the narrow opening of the β-cyclodextrin cavity was synthesized, and the ability of these compounds to reduce the inhibitory effect of the neurotoxic organophosphonate cyclosarin on its key target, acetylcholinesterase, was assessed in vitro. All compounds exhibited a larger effect than native β-cyclodextrin, and characteristic differences were noted. These differences in activity were correlated with the structural and electronic parameters of the substituents. In addition, the relatively strong effect of the cyclodextrin derivatives on cyclosarin degradation and, in particular, the observed enantioselectivity are good indications that noncovalent interactions between the cyclodextrin ring and the substrate, presumably involving the inclusion of the cyclohexyl moiety of cyclosarin into the cyclodextrin cavity, contribute to the mode of action. Among the nine compounds investigated, one exhibited remarkable activity, completely preventing acetylcholinesterase inhibition by the (−)-enantiomer of cyclosarin within seconds under the conditions of the assay. Thus, these investigations demonstrate that decoration of cyclodextrins with appropriate substituents represents a promising approach for the development of scavengers able to detoxify highly toxic nerve agents.

scholarly journals A Review of the Biology, Ecology, and Management of Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P Lampasona ◽  
Cesar Rodriguez-Saona ◽  
Tracy C Leskey ◽  
Anne L Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conotrachelus Nenuphar ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Fruit Abortion ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
And Control

Abstract The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an insect native to the Americas that is a serious pest of stone and pome fruits in the United States and Canada. Failure to effectively manage this insect may result in up to 85% damaged fruit at harvest, as well as early season fruit abortion. Conotrachelus nenuphar is oligophagous, feeding and ovipositing on many Rosaceous plants, including apple, peach, plum, cherry, quince, and pear. Additionally, C. nenuphar in limited geographic ranges utilizes alternate hosts such as highbush blueberry (Ericaceae) and Muscadine grape (Vitaceae). Despite its long history as a pest, integrated pest management (IPM) lags behind similarly damaging native fruit pests. Although significant progress has been made on the identification of attractive lures for monitoring C. nenuphar adults, development of behaviorally based management strategies, and biological control with entomopathogenic nematodes, growers continue to rely heavily on top-down chemical inputs to manage this pest. Most of the research to date comes from studies done in apples where alternative management practices for C. nenuphar have, to some extent, been adopted; however, less IPM-based information is available for other susceptible crops. In this review, we summarize the history, biology, ecology, behavior, and control of C. nenuphar and future directions for IPM research.

ATTRACTION OF LASCONOTUS INTRICATUS KRAUS. (COLEOPTERA: COLYDIIDAE) TO THE AGGREGATION PHEROMONE OF THE FOUR-EYED SPRUCE BARK BEETLE, POLYGRAPHUS RUFIPENNIS (KIRBY) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.W. Bowers ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
High Degree

AbstractThe cylindrical bark beetle, Lasconotus intricatus Kraus., is attracted to multiple-funnel traps baited either with black spruce logs infested with male four-eyed spruce bark beetles, Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby), or the male-produced aggregation pheromone, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol. The addition of the host terpenes, bornyl acetate and β-pinene, to 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol reduced the attraction of L. intricatus. 3-Carene, myrcene, and α-pinene appeared to have a partial inhibitory effect. Catches in spring and summer disclosed a high degree of temporal coincidence between the two species. We hypothesize that L. intricatus utilizes the aggregation pheromone of P. rufipennis as a host-finding kairomone.

scholarly journals Bark Beetles,Pityogenes bidentatus, Orienting to Aggregation Pheromone Avoid Conifer Monoterpene Odors When Flying but Not When Walking

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Slow Rotation ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Males And Females

Previous studies and data presented here suggest that odors from healthy host Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) and nonhost Norway spruce (Picea abies), as well as major monoterpenes of these trees at natural release rates, significantly reduce the attraction of flying bark beetles,Pityogenes bidentatus, of both sexes to their aggregation pheromone components grandisol andcis-verbenol in the field, as tested by slow rotation of trap pairs. In contrast,P. bidentatusmales and females walking in an open-arena olfactometer in the laboratory did not avoid monoterpene vapors at release rates spanning several orders of magnitude in combination with aggregation pheromone. The bark beetle may avoid monoterpenes when flying as a mechanism for avoiding nonhost species, vigorous and thus unsuitable host trees, as well as harmful resinous areas of hosts. Inhibition of this flight avoidance response in beetles after landing would allow them to initiate, or to find and enter, gallery holes with high monoterpene vapor concentrations in order to feed and reproduce.

scholarly journals INVERTEBRATE PREDATORS AND PARASITOIDS OF PLUM CURCULIO, CONOTRACHELUS NENUPHAR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Jenkins ◽  
Russ F. Mizell ◽  
David Shapiro-Ilan ◽  
Ted Cottrell ◽  
Dan Horton
Keyword(s):  
Conotrachelus Nenuphar ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Invertebrate Predators

Effects of systemic and local administration of etomidate on adrenocortical steroidogenesis in male rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jarry ◽  
M. Dietrich ◽  
E. Düker ◽  
W. Wuttke
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Steroid Synthesis ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Systemic And Local Administration ◽  
Local Release

Abstract. A method for focal dialysis of the adrenal cortex is introduced allowing determination of adrenal steroid local release rates in conscious, freely moving rats. Etomidate, an anaesthetic drug known to interfere with adrenal steroid synthesis, blocks not only corticosterone but also aldosterone and, to a lesser degree, progesterone release. Intra-adrenal application of the drug via the dialysis system for a defined time resulted in low release rates of corticosterone without inducing sedation of the animals or even anaesthesia. Remaining low steroid concentrations during the next 5 h after cessation of the dialysis with drug-containing medium indicate that the inhibition of steroid synthesis lasted for several hours. It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of etomidate on steroid biosynthesis can be explained on the basis of an interaction of the drug with adrenocortical enzymes without the involvement of hypothalamic or hypophyseal mechanisms.

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