scholarly journals Computed Tomographic Tenography of Normal Equine Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath: An Ex Vivo Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Lacitignola ◽  
Pasquale De Luca ◽  
Alessandro Guarracino ◽  
Antonio Crovace
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flexor Tendon Sheath ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

Aim of this study was to document the normal computed tomographic tenography findings of digital flexor tendon sheath. Six ex vivo normal equine forelimbs were used. An axial approach was used to inject 185 mg/mL of iopamidol in a total volume of 60 mL into the digital flexor tendon sheaths. Single-slice helical scans, with 5 mm thickness, spaced every 3 mm, for a pitch of 0.6, and with bone algorithm reconstruction, were performed before and after injections of contrast medium. To obtain better image quality for multiplanar reconstruction and 3D reformatting, postprocessing retroreconstruction was performed to reduce the images to submillimetre thickness. Computed tomographic tenography of digital flexor tendon sheaths could visualize the following main tendon structures for every forelimb in contrast-enhanced images as low densities surrounded by high densities: superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, manica flexoria, mesotendons, and synovial recess. Results of this study suggest that computed tomographic tenography can be used with accuracy and sensitivity to evaluate the common disorders of the equine digital flexor tendon sheath and the intrathecal structures.

Comparison of tenoscopic and ultrasonographic methods of examination of the digital flexor tendon sheath in horses

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Möbius ◽  
J. Ferguson ◽  
J. Edinger
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Annular Ligament ◽  
Sonographic Examination ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Flexor Tendon Sheath

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to compare sonographic and tenoscopic findings with the purpose of establishing the accuracy and limitations of ultrasonography as a non-invasive diagnostic modality in evaluating the DFTS and its enclosed tendons. The medical records from 22 horses which underwent tenoscopic desmotomy of the palmar/plantar annular ligament were evaluated in a retrospective study. The qualitative assessment of sonographic and tenoscopic findings were documented for the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS), the palmar/plantar annular ligament (PAL), the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT). The abnormalities diagnosed sonographically within the DFTS were verifiable tenoscopically with a sensitivity of 90.9% and a specificity of 53.8%. The positive predictive value of sonographic examination at the DFTS was 62.5%. The sensitivity of the sonographic examination at the PAL was 68.8%, the specificity was 50% and the positive predictive value 73.3%. Sonographic examination of the SDF tendons revealed abnormal findings in 12 tendons. The tenoscopic examination confirmed these findings on six tendons when they had a pronounced fibrillated or rough tendon surface or tear on the border. Six superficial flexor tendons and seven deep digital flexor tendons had abnormalities seen tenoscopically which were not visible on sonographic examination. Sonographic examination located lesions of the DDFT in four limbs. On tenoscopic examination the lesions could be detected in seven other DDF tendons, including signs of inflammation at the tendon surface that were not seen ultrasonographically (sensitivity 36.4%). Recognition of the limitations of sonographic results should be kept in mind so as not to misinterpret findings, especially if echogenic materials are observed.

The propagation of induced tendon lesions in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon: An ex vivo study

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BOSCH ◽  
M. C. LAMERIS ◽  
A. J. M. Van Den BELT ◽  
A. BARNEVELD ◽  
P. R. Van WEEREN
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

Interactions between programmable shunt valves and magnetically controlled growing rods for scoliosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-670
Author(s):  
Thomas Larrew ◽  
Mohammed Alshareef ◽  
Robert F. Murphy ◽  
Ramin Eskandari ◽  
Libby Kosnik Infinger
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Shunt Valve ◽  
Growing Rods ◽  
Growing Rod ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

OBJECTIVEAlthough the advent of magnetic growing rod technology for scoliosis has provided a means to bypass multiple hardware lengthening operations, it is important to be aware that many of these same patients have a codiagnosis of hydrocephalus with magnet-sensitive programmable ventricular shunts. As the magnetic distraction of scoliosis rods has not previously been described to affect the shunt valve setting, the authors conducted an investigation to characterize the interaction between the two devices.METHODSIn this ex vivo study, the authors carried out 360 encounters between four different shunt valve types at varying distances from the magnetic external remote control (ERC) used to distract the growing rods. Valve settings were examined before and after every interaction with the remote control to determine if there was a change in the setting.RESULTSThe Medtronic Strata and Codman Hakim valves were found to have setting changes at distances of 3 and 6 inches but not at 12 inches. The Aesculap proGAV and Codman Certas valves, typically described as MRI-resistant, did not have any setting changes due to the magnetic ERC regardless of distance.CONCLUSIONSAlthough it is not necessary to check a shunt valve after every magnetic distraction of scoliosis growing rods, if there is concern that the magnetic ERC may have been within 12 inches (30 cm) of a programmable ventricular shunt valve, the valve should be checked at the bedside with a programmer or with a skull radiograph along with postdistraction scoliosis radiographs.

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